FILOSOFI ROMANI: dall'A alla Z

Speranza Speranza La tradizione pragmatic oratoria nella STORIA DELLA FILOSOFIA ROMANA: da Catone a Marc’Aurelio. Filosofi romani – dall’A alla Z”. Adapted from: M. P. O. Morford (Winchester and Trinity, Oxon. Lit. Hum.) (Ancient) "Roman philosophers: from the time of Cato the Elder to the death of Marcus Aurelius" (Londra: Routledge), "Philosophers named in the text -- cfr. "WHO'S WHO". Ref. Levi, "Storia della Filosofia Romana." -- A -- ANASSAGORA (greco). 5th. cent. a.C. -- pre-Socratic enquirer into the origin of the cosmos. ANDRONICO (greco). 1st cent. a.C. -- peripatetic, editor of ARISTOTELE’s works. ANTIOCO (greco). Early 1st. cent. a.C. -- academic, reverted to Plato’s dogmatism. ANTIPATRO (greco). 1st cent. a.C. -- stoico, tutore di CATONE UTICENSE. APOLLONIDE (greco). Mid-1st. cent., Stoico, adviser to CATONE UTICENSE. APOLLONIO (greco) 1st. cent. CE, Neo-pythagorean. APULEIO (latino). --ca.125–180. Platonico, autore della "Metamorfosi, o l’assino d’oro”. ARCESILAO. (greco) mid-3rd.cent., Accademico scettico, direttore della Nuova Accademia. ARISTIPPO (greco) late-5th. cent., del circolo di Socrate. ARISTON. 3rd. cent. – peripatetico, direttore del Liceo. ARISTOTELE (greco). 384–322, founder of the Peripatetic school. Will be revered during the Italian Renaissance. ARISTO (greco) early 1st. cent., head of the Accademia. Tutore di BRUTO. ARIO (latino) 1st. cent., adviser to imperatore Ottaviano (Augusto). ARTEMIDORO (greco) 1st. cent. CE, Stoico, amico di Plinio the Younger and son-in-law of Musonio ATENODORO (greco) mid-1st. cent., Stoic and adviser to Catone Uticensis, in whose house he lived. ATENODORO (greco) mid-first cent., Stoico, amico di Cicerone ATTALO (greco) 1st. cent. CE, Stoic, tutore di Seneca. AGOSTINO. 354–430. Neo-platonico. Autore delle “Confessioni”. ----- B ---- BION. ca. 335–245, Cynic, popular teacher. Vide, Orazio, Sermones Bionei. BOEZIO (latino). Fig. "Della consolazione della filosofia, tradotto dalla lingua latina in volgar fiorentino da Benedetto Varchi, in VENEZIA MDCCLXV". Ca. 480–524. Filosofo stoico e neoplatonico, autore della Consolazione della filosofia” --- C -- CARNEADE. (greco). Mid-2nd. cent., head of the New Academy, Sceptic and star of the Athenian embassy to Rome in 155. CHEREMONE. mid-lst. cent., CE, Stoico, tutore del imperatore Nerone a Roma. CRISIPPO. ca. 280–206, head of the Stoic school from 232. CICERONE (latino). 106–43. -trasmissore principale della filosofia ellenistica a Roma e l’Europa del Rinascimento, sequitor della Nuova Accademia, tutelato da Filo di Larissa. CLEANTE (greco) 331–232, Zeno’s successor as head of the Stoic school from 262. CLITOMACO (greco). late-2nd. cent., Sceptic and pupil of Carneade, head of the New Academy from 127. CORNUTO (latino). 1st. cent. , Stoico, tutore di Persio e Lucano. CRANTOR (greco) ca. 335–275, Accademico, il primo commentator di Platone. CRATE. (greco) ca.365–285. Cynic, follower of Diogene of Sinope and teacher of Zenone di Citium. CRATIPPO. mid-lst. cent., Peripatetic, friend of Cicero and Nigidius and teacher of Cicero’s son. CRITOLAO. (greco). First half of 2nd. cent., head of the Peripatetic school and member of the Athenian embassy to Rome in 155. His discourse interpreted into Latin by one of the senators. -- D -- DEMETRIO 1st. cent. Amico di Seneca. DEMETRIO. mid-1st.cent., adviser of Catone Uticense DEMOCRITO (greco). second half of 5th. cent., pre-Socratic, founder of atomism. DICEARCO. (greco). Late 4th. cent., Peripatetic, pupil of Aristotle. DIODOTO. First of 1st.cent., Stoico, teacher and friend of Cicerone, in whose house he lived. DIOGENE Laerzio (greco). 3rd. cent., autore delle “Vitte dei Filosofi” DIOGENE (d'Apollonia) (greco) 2nd half of 5th. cent. Pre-Socratic philosopher and enquirer into the natural world; a source for Seneca’s "Naturates Quaestiones". DIOGENE (di Babilonia) (greco). mid-2nd. cent., head of the Stoic school and member of the Athenian embassy to Rome in 155, tutor to Panaetius. DIOGENE (d'Enoanda) (greco). late 2nd. cent. CE, Epicurean and part-author of the inscription on the stoa which he caused to be set up in Oenoanda. DIOGENE (di Sinope). mid-4th.cent., fundatore del cinismo. --- E --- ECATO. early 1st. cent., Stoic, pupil of Panezio and member of circle of Posidonius. ENESIDEMO (greco) 1st cent. Academic, founder of a revival pirronista in Roma. EPITTETO. (greco) ca. 50–120 CE, Stoic, pupil of the Etruscan philosopher Musonio. EPICURO. (greco). 341–271, principal source for Lucretius’s poem. ERMARCO. (greco) 1st half of 3rd. cent., pupil of Epicurus and his successor as head of the Epicurean school from 271, with Epicurus, Metrodorus and Polyaenus, one of “The Four Men”, founders of the Epicurean school. EUFRATE (greco) late-lst. cent. CE, Stoic, student of Musonius and friend of Pliny the Younger. --- F --- FAVORINO. (greco). Ca. 85–155. Philosopher of the Second Sophistic, friend of Plutarco and teacher of Fronto. FEDRO (greco). ca. 140–70, Epicurean, admired by Cicerone. head of the Epicurean school in the last years of his life. FILO (d'Alessandria) (greco). First half of 1st. cent. CE, philosopher, sympathetic to Stoic ethics and influential in the later development of Neo-platonism. FILO di LARISSA (greco). ca.159–84, head of the New Academy, 110–88, the most influential of Cicero’s tutors. FILODEMO ca. 110–40, Epicurean philosopher, protegé of Piso Caesoninus and an influence on Virgil and Horace, many of his fragmentary writings are preserved in the Herculaneum papyri. --- G --- GALENO (greco). late-second cent. CE, physician to Marcus Aurelius, Platonist. --- I -- IEROCLE (greco). early 2nd. cent. CE, Stoic. -- L -- LELIO. ca. 190–125. -consule nel 140, friend of Scipione Emiliano and Panezio and called by Cicerone "the first Roman philosopher." “il primo filosofo romano” LEUCIPPO (greco) second half of 5th. cent., co-founder with Democritus of atomism. LUCREZIO (latino) -- first half of 1st. cent. -epicureo, autore di “De Rerum Natura” -- M -- MANILIO. late-lst. cent. a.C. and early-lst. cent., Stoic author of "Astronomica". MARC'AURELIO (greco). 121–180. -Roman emperor (161–180) and Stoic, author of "Mediationes" (I Ricordi), a private diary. He spoke in Latin in public, though. MENIPPO. first half of 3rd. cent. Cynic and satirical author in prose and verse on philosophical subjects. METRODORO. ca. 331–278. Friend of Epicuro and one “The Four Men”, founders of Epicureanism. MODERATO. second half of 1st. cent. CE, Neo-pythagorean. MUSONIO. Second half of 1st. cent. Roman of Etruscan descent, Stoic, teacher of Epitteto. --- N --- NIGIDIO. 1st. cent., Neo-pythagorean. -- O -- ORAZIO – poeta. --vide Morford, “The Roman Philosophers”, cap. “The Philosophers and Poets of the Augustan Age”, ORAZIO, pp. OVIDIO – poeta. --vide, Morford, “The Roman Philosophers”, cap. The Philosophers and poets of the Agustan Age, Londra, Routledge. -- P -- PANEZIO (greco). ca. 185–109, Stoic, head of the Stoic school from 129, influential at Roma, friend of Scipione Emiliano and major source for Cicero’s "De Officiis". PARMENIDE (greco). First half of 5th. cent., pre-Socratic, pioneer enquirer into the nature of “what is”. PATRONE (latino). First half of 1st. cent., friend of Cicero and successor of Fedro as head of the Epicurean school. PLATONE (greco). ca. 429–347, founder of the Academy and disciple and interpreter of Socrates. Idolo del Rinascimento Italiano. PLOTINO (greco). 205–270 CE, Neo-platonist, resident in Rome and Campania. PLUTARCO (greco) ca. 50–120 CE, Platonist. POLEMO (greco) Died 270, Platonist and head of the Academy from 314. POLIENO (greco). Died before 271, friend of Epicuro and one of “The Four Men”, founders of Epicureanism. POSIDONIO (greco). ca. 135–50. Stoic, student of PANEZIO and head of his own school in Rhodes, where CICERONE heard him. The dominant figure in middle Stoicism, whose works encompassed the whole range of intellectual enquiry. PIRRONE (greco). ca. 365–270. Founder of Scepticism, whose doctrines were revived in Roma by ENESIDEMO. PITAGORA (di SAMO) (greco). 6th. cent., head of a community at Croton in S. Italy, emphasized the importance of number and proportion, his doctrines included vegetarianism and the transmigration of souls, influenced Plato, his philosophy was revived at Rome by Nigidius and the Sextii. -- R -- RUSTICO (latino). Consul in 133 and 162 CE, Stoic, friend and teacher of Marc' Aurelio. -- S -- SENECA (latino). -- Fig. Statua di Seneca nel Palazzo dl Cardinal SPADA. -- 4 a.C.–65. Stoico, tutore, adviser, and vittima di Nerone, author of philosophical treatises, including "Dialogi" and "Epistulae Morales". Appears as a character in the early opera by Monteverdi, “L’incoronazione di Poppea”, Venezia. Author of tragedies turned into “melodramma”, like “Fedra” and “Medea”. SENOCRATE (greco). Died 314, head of the Academy from 339. SEVERO (latino). Consul in 146 CE, Stoico, tutore di Marc'Aurelio, whose son married his daughter. SESTIO. (latino). Mid-1st. cent., Neo-pythagorean, founder of a genuinely "Roman" school of philosophy, admired by Seneca for his disciplined Roman ethos. SESTO EMPIRICO (greco). Late-2nd. cent. Sceptic, author of philosophical works and critic of Stoicism, principal source for Pyrrhonism. SIRO. 1st. cent., Epicurean, teacher in Campania of VIRGILIO. SOCRATE (greco). 469–399 a.C. Iconic Athenian philosopher and one of the most influential figures in Ancient Philosophy; he wrote nothing but is the central figure in Plato’s dialogues, admired by non-Academics, including the Stoic Marc'Aurelio nearly six hundred years after his death. OPERA: "Socrate immaginario" SOTION. 1st. cent., Neopythagorean, teacher of Seneca. SPEUSIPPO. ca. 407–339, Plato’s successor as head of the Academy. -- T -- TELE (greco). Second half of 3rd. cent., Cynic, author of diatribes on ethical subjects. TEOFRASTO. 372–287. Peripatetic, successor to Aristotle as head of the Lyceum from 322. -- V -- VARRONE (latino). 116–27. -Accademico, polimata romano, author of works on language, and philosophy, principal speaker in Cicero’s "Academica". VIRGILIO. Poeta. Vide, Morford, “The Roman Philosophers”, cap. “The Philosophers and Poets of the Augustan Age” (Londra, Routledge). Discussione d’Enea como ‘eroe stoico’. -- Z -- ZENONE (di Cizio) 335–263 a.C. filosofo greco fundatore del Stoicismo, originally a follower of the Cynic Crate, taught at Athens in the Stoa Poikile, which gave its name to his school. ZENONE (di Sidone)( (greco). ca. 155–75 a.C. Head of the Epicurean school at Athens, where he taught FILODEMO and was heard by CICERONE. REFERENZE AGOSTINO, “Confessioni” – cited by Witters, “Philosophical Investigations”. APULEIO, “L’asino d’oro” – Loeb Classical Library. BOEZIO --. La consolazione della filosofia. Venezia. CICERONE – Biblioteca Loeb. CICERONE – Opere. Centro di Studi Ciceroniani, Roma. GRICE, H. P. Studies in the Way of Words. Harvard University Press. -The conception of value. Oxford: Clarendon. -Aspects of reason. Oxford: Clarendon. Levi, A. “Storia della filosofia romana”. Firenze. Manetti, G. Le teorie del segno nell'antichità. Milano, Bompiani, 1987. MORFORD, M. P. O. “The Roman Philosophers: from the time of Cato the Elder to the death of Marcus Aurelius”. Londra: Routledge. Quintiliano, Institutio oratoria. SPERANZA, Luigi. Opera, La Libreria del Nataorio, Villa Speranza, San Remo. TACITO, Dialogo oratoria. VARRONE – Biblioteca Loeb.