Speranza
-- M. P. O. Morford (Winchester and Trinity, Oxon. Lit. Hum.) (Ancient) "Roman philosophers: from the time of Cato the Elder to the death of Marcus Aurelius" (Londra: Routledge), "Philosophers named in the text -- cfr. "WHO'S WHO".
A
ANASSAGORA (greco). Early 5th. cent. a.C. Pre-Socratic enquirer into the origin of the cosmos.
ANDRONICO (greco). Mid-first cent. a.C. Peripatetic; editor of Aristotle’s works.
ANTIOCO (greco). Early 1st. cent. a.C. Academic, reverted to Plato’s dogmatism.
ANTIPATRO (greco). 1st cent. a.C. Stoic, tutor to Catone Uticensis.
APOLLONIDE (greco). Mid-1st. cent., Stoic, adviser to Catone Uticensis.
APOLLONIO (greco) 1st. cent. CE, Neo-pythagorean.
APULEIO (latino). Ca.125–180. Platonic, author of "Metamorphoses".
ARCESILAO.. mid-3rd.cent., Academic sceptic, head of the New Academy.
ARISTIPPO. late-5th. cent., member of Socrates’s circle.
ARISTON. 3rd. cent., Peripatetic and head of the Lyceum.
ARISTOTELE (greco). 384–322, founder of the Peripatetic school. Will be revered during the Italian Renaissance.
ARISTO. early 1st. cent., head of the Academy and teacher of Brutus.
ARIO. 1st. cent., adviser to Augusto.
ARTEMIDORO. 1st. cent. CE, Stoic, friend of Pliny the Younger and son-in-law of Musonius.
ATENODORO. mid-1st. cent., Stoic and adviser to Cato Uticensis, in
whose house he lived.
ATENODORO. mid-first cent., Stoic and friend of Cicero.
ATTALO 1st. cent. CE, Stoic, teacher of Seneca.
AUGUSTINO. 354–430. Neo-platonist.
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B
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BION. ca. 335–245, Cynic, popular teacher.
BOEZIO (latino). Ca. 480–524. Pilosopher with Stoic and Neoplatonist views, author of "The Consolation of Philosophy".
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C
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CARNEADE. (greco). Mid-2nd. cent., head of the New Academy, Sceptic and star of the Athenian embassy to Rome in 155.
CHEREMONE. mid-lst. cent., CE, Stoic, tutor to Nero in Rome.
CRISIPPO. ca. 280–206, head of the Stoic school from 232.
CICERONE (latino). 106–43. Leading transmitter of Hellenistic philosophy to Rome and Renaissance Europe, follower of the New Academy and pupil of Philo of Larissa.
CLEANTE 331–232, Zeno’s successor as head of the Stoic school from 262.
CLITOMACO. late-2nd. cent., Sceptic and pupil of Carneades, head of
the New Academy from 127.
CORNUTO. 1st. cent. CE, Stoic, teacher and friend of Persius and Lucan.
CRANTOR ca. 335–275, Academic, the first commentator on Plato.
CRATE.. ca.365–285. Cynic, follower of Diogenes of Sinope and teacher of Zeno of Citium.
CRATIPPO. mid-lst. cent., Peripatetic, friend of Cicero and Nigidius
and teacher of Cicero’s son.
CRITOLAO. (greco). First half of 2nd. cent., head of the Peripatetic school and member of the Athenian embassy to Rome in 155. His discourse interpreted into Latin by one of the senators.
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D
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DEMETRIO 1st. cent. CE, friend of Seneca.
DEMETRIO. mid-1st.cent., adviser of Cato Uticensis.
DEMOCRITO. second half of 5th. cent., pre-Socratic, founder of atomism.
DICEARCO. (greco). Late 4th. cent., Peripatetic, pupil of Aristotle.
DIODOTO. first of 1st.cent., Stoic, teacher and friend of Cicero, in
whose house he lived.
DIOGENE (Laerzio). first half of 3rd. cent. CE, author of "The Lives of
the Philosophers".
DIOGENE (d'Apollonia). 2nd half of 5th. cent. Pre-Socratic philosopher
and enquirer into the natural world; a source for Seneca’s "Naturates
Quaestiones".
DIOGENE di BABYLON. mid-2nd. cent., head of the Stoic school and member
of the Athenian embassy to Rome in 155, tutor to Panaetius.
DIOGENES OF ENOANDA late 2nd. cent. CE, Epicurean and part-author of
the inscription on the stoa which he caused to be set up in Oenoanda.
DIOGENE di SINOPE. mid-4th.cent., founder of Cynicism.
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E
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ECATO. early 1st. cent., Stoic, pupil of Panaetius and member of circle
of Posidonius.
ENESIDEMO (greco) 1st cent. Academic, founder of a Pyrrhonist revival in Rome.
EPITTETO. (greco) ca. 50–120 CE, Stoic, pupil of Musonio.
EPICURO. (greco). 341–271, principal source for Lucretius’s poem.
ERMARCO 1st half of 3rd. cent., pupil of Epicurus and his successor
as head of the Epicurean school from 271, with Epicurus, Metrodorus and
Polyaenus, one of “The Four Men”, founders of the Epicurean school.
EUFRATE. late-lst. cent. CE, Stoic, student of Musonius and friend of
Pliny the Younger.
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F
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FAVORINO. (greco). Ca. 85–155 CE, philosopher of the Second Sophistic, friend of
Plutarch and teacher of Fronto.
FEDRO. ca. 140–70, Epicurean, admired by Cicero. head of the
Epicurean school in the last years of his life.
FILO OF ALEXANDRIA. first half of 1st. cent. CE, philosopher,
sympathetic to Stoic ethics and influential in the later development of
Neo-platonism.
FILO di LARISSA ca.159–84, head of the New Academy, 110–88, the most
influential of Cicero’s tutors.
FILODEMO ca. 110–40, Epicurean philosopher, protegé of Piso
Caesoninus and an influence on Virgil and Horace, many of his fragmentary writings
are preserved in the Herculaneum papyri.
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G
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GALENO. late-second cent. CE, physician to Marcus Aurelius, Platonist.
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I
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IEROCLE. early 2nd. cent. CE, Stoic.
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L
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LELIO. ca. 190–125, consul in 140, friend of Scipione Emiliano and Panezio and called by Cicerone "the first Roman philosopher."
LEUCIPPO. second half of 5th. cent., co-founder with Democritus of
atomism.
LUCREZIO. first half of 1st. cent., Epicurean, author of "De Rerum Natura".
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M
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MANILIO. late-lst. cent. BCE and early-lst. cent CE, Stoic author of
"Astronomica".
MARC'AURELIO (greco). 121–180 CE, Roman emperor (161–180) and Stoic, author
of "To Himself", a private diary.
MENIPPO. first half of 3rd. cent., Cynic and satirical author in prose
and verse on philosophical subjects.
METRODORO. ca. 331–278, friend of Epicurus and one “The Four Men”,
founders of Epicureanism.
MODERATO. second half of 1st. cent. CE, Neo-pythagorean.
MUSONIO. second half of 1st. cent. CE, Roman of Etruscan descent,
Stoic, teacher of Epictetus.
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NIGIDIO. 1st. cent., Neo-pythagorean.
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P
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PANEZIO. ca. 185–109, Stoic, head of the Stoic school from 129,
influential at Rome, friend of Scipio Aemilianus and major source for Cicero’s
"De Officiis".
PARMENIDE (greco). First half of 5th. cent., pre-Socratic, pioneer enquirer
into the nature of “what is”.
PATRONE (latino). First half of 1st. cent., friend of Cicero and successor of
Phaedrus as head of the Epicurean school.
PLATONE (greco). ca. 429–347, founder of the Academy and disciple and interpreter
of Socrates.
PLOTINO. 205–270 CE, Neo-platonist, resident in Rome and Campania.
PLUTARCO (greco) ca. 50–120 CE, Platonist.
POLEMO (greco) Died 270, Platonist and head of the Academy from 314.
POLIENO (greco). Died before 271, friend of Epicurus and one of “The Four Men”, founders of Epicureanism.
POSIDONIO (greco). ca. 135–50, Stoic, student of Panaetius and head of his own
school in Rhodes, where Cicero heard him. The dominant figure in middle
Stoicism, whose works encompassed the whole range of intellectual enquiry.
PIRRONE (greco). ca. 365–270, the founder of Scepticism, whose doctrines were
revived in Rome by Aenesidemus.
PITAGORA (di SAMO) (greco). 6th. cent., head of a community at Croton in S.
Italy, emphasized the importance of number and proportion, his doctrines
included vegetarianism and the transmigration of souls, influenced Plato, his
philosophy was revived at Rome by Nigidius and the Sextii.
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R
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RUSTICO (latino). Consul in 133 and 162 CE, Stoic, friend and teacher of Marcus
Aurelius.
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S
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SENECA (latino).4 a.C.–65. Stoic, tutor, adviser, and victim of Nerone, author of philosophical treatises, including "Dialogi" and "Epistulae Morales".
SENOCRATE (greco). Died 314, head of the Academy from 339.
SEVERO (latino) Consul in 146 CE, Stoic friend and teacher of Marcus Aurelius,
whose son married his daughter.
SESTIO. (latino). Mid-1st. cent., Neo-pythagorean, founder of a genuinely "Roman" school of philosophy, admired by Seneca for his disciplined Roman ethos.
SESTO EMPIRICO (greco) late-2nd. cent. CE, Sceptic, author of philosophical
and medical works and critic of Stoicism, principal source for Pyrrhonism.
SIRO. 1st. cent., Epicurean, teacher in Campania of Virgil.
SOCRATE (greco) 469–399. Iconic Athenian philosopher and one of the most influential figures in Ancient Philosophy; he wrote nothing but is the central figure in Plato’s dialogues, admired by non-Academics, including the Stoic Marc'Aurelio nearly six hundred years after his death.
SOTION. 1st. cent. CE, Neopythagorean, teacher of Seneca.
SPEUSIPPO. ca. 407–339, Plato’s successor as head of the Academy.
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T
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TELES (greco). Second half of 3rd. cent., Cynic, author of diatribes on ethical subjects.
TEOFRASTO. 372–287. Peripatetic, successor to Aristotle as head of the Lyceum from 322.
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V
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VARRONE (latino). 116–27. Academic, Roman polymath, author of works on language, agriculture, history and philosophy, as well as satires, and principal speaker in the later version of Cicero’s "Academica".
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Z
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ZENONE (di Cizio). 335–263. Founder of Stoicism, originally a follower of the Cynic Crates, taught at Athens in the Stoa Poikile, which gave its name to his school.
ZENONE (di Sidone)( (greco). ca. 155–75, head of the Epicurean school at Athens, where
he taught Philodemus and was heard by Cicero.
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