Villa Speranza: The Vatican Collection of Ancient (Graeco-Roman) Statuary --

Speranza

Vatican Museums
Musei Vaticani

Established	1506
Location	Vatican City
Visitors	4,310,083 (2008)
Director	Antonio Paolucci
Website	http://www.museivaticani.va

The Vatican Museums, north of St. Peter's Basilica

The Vatican Museums (Musei Vaticani), located inside the Vatican, are among the greatest museums in the world, since they display works from the immense collection built up by the Roman Church throughout the centuries including some of the most renowned classical statues and most important masterpieces of Renaissance art in the world.

Pope Julius II founded the museums in the early 16th century.

The Sistine Chapel with its ceiling decorated by Michelangelo and the Stanze della Segnatura decorated by Raphael are on the visitor route through the Vatican Museums.

They were visited by 4,310,083 people in the year 2007.^[1]

The Vatican Museums broke attendance records in 2011 with just over 5 million people.

The staircase has two parts, a double helix, and is of shallow incline, being a stepped ramp rather than a true staircase. It is encircles the outer wall of a stair well of approximately fifteen meters wide and with a clear space at the centre. The balustrade around the ramp is of ornately worked metal.

Spiral stairs of the Vatican Museums, designed by Giuseppe Momo in 1932.

The Vatican Museums trace their origin to one marble sculpture, purchased 500 years ago.

The sculpture of Laocoön and his Sons was discovered 14 January 1506, in a vineyard near the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome.

Pope Julius II sent Giuliano da Sangallo and Michelangelo Buonarroti, who were working at the Vatican, to examine the discovery.

On their recommendation, the pope immediately purchased the sculpture from the vineyard owner.

The pope put the sculpture of Laocoön and his sons on public display at the Vatican exactly one month after its discovery.

The Museum Christianum was founded by Benedict XIV, and some of the Vatican collections formed the Lateran Museum, which Pius IX founded by decree in 1854.

The Museums celebrated their 500th anniversary in October 2006 by permanently opening the excavations of a Vatican Hill necropolis to the public.^[3]

The art gallery -- Pinacoteca Vaticana -- was housed in the Borgia Apartment, until Pope Pius XI ordered construction of a proper building.

The new building was inaugurated on October 27, 1932.

The designer was Luca Beltrami.

The museum has paintings including:

Giotto's Stefaneschi Triptych

Olivuccio di Ciccarello, Opere di Misericordia

Raphael's Madonna of Foligno, Oddi Altarpiece and Transfiguration

Leonardo da Vinci's St. Jerome in the Wilderness

Caravaggio's Entombment

Perugino's Madonna and Child with Saints and San Francesco al Prato Resurrection

Filippo Lippi's Marsuppini Coronation

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The Collection of Modern Religious Art houses paintings and sculptures from artists like Carlo Carrà and Giorgio de Chirico.

The group of museums includes several sculpture museums surrounding the Cortile del Belvedere.

[edit] Museo Pio-Clementino

Photo of a gallery in the museum. It is in the Classical style and has a wide arched roof with skylights. The colour scheme is are blue-grey and white with a polychrome marble floor. The walls of each side of the gallery have a row of large niches in which stand marble statues. Between the niches are plinths supporting smaller portrait sculptures.

The New Wing, Braccio Nuovo built by Raphael Stern

Pope Clement XIV founded the Pio-Clementino museum in 1771.

Originally it contained the Renaissance and antique works.

The museum and collection were enlarged by Clement's successor Pius VI.

Today, the museum houses works of Greek and Roman sculpture.

There are 54 galleries, or salas, in total, with the Sistine Chapel, notably, being the very last sala within the Museum – visitors need to proceed through the other 53 salas before earning their reward with access to the Sistine.

Some notable galleries are:

Greek Cross Gallery: (Sala a Croce Greca): with the porphyri sarcophagi of Constance and Saint Helen, daughter and mother of Constantine the Great.

Sala Rotonda: shaped like a miniature Pantheon, the room has impressive ancient mosaics on the floors, and ancient statues lining the perimeter, including a gilded bronze statue of Hercules.

Gallery of the Statues (Galleria delle Statue): as its name implies, holds various important statues, including Sleeping Ariadne and the bust of Menander.

It also contains the Barberini Candelabra.

Gallery of the Busts (Galleria dei Busti): Many ancient busts are displayed.

Cabinet of the Masks (Gabinetto delle Maschere): The name comes from the mosaic on the floor of the gallery, found in Villa Adriana, which shows ancient theater masks. Along the walls, several famous statues are shown including the Three Graces.

Sala delle Muse: Houses the statue group of Apollo and the nine muses as well as statues by important ancient Greek sculptors.

Sala degli Animali: So named because of the many ancient statues of animals.

A marble statue of the Emperor Augustus. He stands with one arm raised as if in command. Augustus is depicted as a man of about thirty five, with short hair and clean shaven. He wears Roman military uniform of a breast plate, leather accoutrements and a cloak over a short tunic. The breastplate is decorated with symbolic figures. As a work of art, the statue displays high technical mastery.

The Prima Porta Augustus

This museum CHIARAMONTI is named after Pope Pius VII (whose last name was Chiaramonti), who founded it in the early 19th century.

The museum consists of a large arched gallery in which sides are exhibited several statues, sarcophaguses and friezes.

The New Wing, Braccio Nuovo built by Raphael Stern, houses important statues like The Prima Porta Augustus, Doryphorus, and The River Nile.

Galeria Lapidaria is another part of Chiaramonti museum, with more than 3,000 stone tablets and inscriptions, which is the world's greatest collection of its kind. However, it is opened only by special permission, usually for reasons of study.

The "MUSEO GREGORIANO ETRUSCO" was founded by Pope Gregory XVI in 1836.

The museum has eight galleries and houses important Etruscan pieces, coming from archaeological excavations.^[5] The pieces include: vases, sarcophagus, bronzes and the Guglielmi Collection.

The "MUSEO GREGORIANO EGIZIANO" was founded by Pope Gregory XVI in 1839.

This museum houses a grand collection of Ancient Egyptian material.^[6] Such material includes papyruses, the Grassi Collection, animal mummies, and reproductions of the famous Book of the Dead.^[7]

[edit] Works in the Vatican museums

Photo of a long wide corridor filled with a crowd of people in casual dress. The ceiling is arched and is elaborately decorated with gilt stucco and small brightly coloured pictures. The walls have frescoes of large maps, each of which has a brilliant blue background.

Gallery of Maps

Several paintings by Caravaggio including the majestic Entombment (1602–1603)

Leonardo da Vinci's portrait of St. Jerome in the Wilderness;

Works by painters Fra Angelico, Giotto, Raphael, Nicolas Poussin and Titian;

The red marble papal throne, formerly in the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano;
Roman sculpture, tombstones, and inscriptions, including the Early Christian Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus and Dogmatic sarcophagus, and the epitaph of Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus;
The Raphael Rooms with many works by Raphael and his workshop, including the masterpiece The School of Athens
Other Raphael masterpieces including "The Transfiguration".
The Niccoline Chapel
The Sistine Chapel
The Gallery of Maps: topographical maps of the whole of Italy, painted on the walls by friar Ignazio Danti of Perugia, commissioned by Pope Gregory XIII (1572–1585). It remains the world's largest pictorial geographical study.
The frescoes and other works in the Borgia Apartment built for Pope Alexander VI (Borgia).

On the last Sunday of each month, the Vatican Museum is open to the public for free. This is extremely popular and it is common for people to wait in line for many hours. The other days of the week you can use the online ticket office to purchase an individual ticket or group tour ticket, either of which will enable you to bypass the ticket line completely. This image is a panoramic view of one small stretch of the entire queue in April 2007, which continues for some distance in both directions beyond view.

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Usually more than 4 million people visit the Museums every year. In 2011, the number of visitors reached 5 million. (by Editor Report Antonio Paolucci in "L'Osservatore Romano" of January 10, 2012)

[edit] See also

Accademia, Venice
Uffizi, Florence

[edit] References

^ ^a ^b "Dossier Musei 2008 – Touring Club Italiano". http://www.touring.it/Pdf/dossier/Musei2008.pdf.
^ "Christian Museums". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913.
^ Guardian.co.uk
^ [1]
^ [2]
^ [3]
^ [4]

[edit] Further reading

G. Spinola, Il Museo Pio-Clementino (3 vols., 1996, 1999, 2004)
G. B. Visconti and E. Q. Visconti, Il Museo Pio-Clementino Descritto (8 vols., 1782-1792)

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Museums in the Vatican City

[show] v t e Museums and art galleries in Rome

Capitoline Museums Doria Pamphilj Gallery Galleria Borghese Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna Galleria Spada Museo Nazionale Etrusco Museum of Roman Civilization National Museum of Oriental Art National Museum of Rome Vatican Museums