STATUARIA ROMANA ANTICA: CAMILLUS -- Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Gift of Henry G. Marquand, 1897.

Speranza

Bronze statue of a camillus (acolyte)
Period: Early Imperial, Julio-Claudian
Date: ca. A.D. 14–54
Culture: Roman
Medium: Bronze
Dimensions: H. 117.1 cm
Classification: Bronzes
Credit Line: Gift of Henry G. Marquand, 1897
Accession Number: 1897.22.25
This artwork is currently on display in Gallery 166

As soon as he took power, the emperor Augustus set in motion a program aimed at restoring the time-honored values of virtue, honor, and piety. Religious cults were
revived, temples were built, public ceremonies and sacrifices filled the calendar. Men of every rank chose to be portrayed in the act of pious sacrifice. The popular type of sculpture seen here showed young boys who served as acolytes at religious ceremonies.

The identification of this figure as a camillus, an attendant at sacrifices who was chosen from the noblest families, is based on comparisons with other stages and reliefs, most notably those of the famous monument, the Ara Pacis of Augustus. According to Roman tradition, a camillus had to be below the age of puberty, and both parents must be alive. This statue may have been dedicated at a sanctuary by the boy’s parents, in recognition of his service to the gods. Alternatively, its refined decorative qualities may signal its use as an adornment within a religious precinct, for instance in a dining room for priests.

The figure’s eyes are inlaid with silver, the lips with copper, and the tunic with strips of copper to suggest woven or embroidered bands of color. He likely held ritual objects such as a container for incense in his left hand and a jug for wine or a ladle in his right.

References

Richter, Gisela M. A. 1915. Greek, Etruscan and Roman Bronzes. New York: Gilliss Press, no. 271, pp. 135-37.

Richter, Gisela M. A. 1917. Handbook of the Classical Collection. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, p. 185, fig. 114.

Richter, Gisela M. A. 1927. Handbook of the Classical Collection. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, p. 307, fig. 217.

Richter, Gisela M. A. 1930. Handbook of the Classical Collection. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, p. 307, fig. 217.

McClees, Helen and with additions by Christine Alexander. 1933. The Daily Life of the Greeks and Romans: As Illustrated in the Classical Collections, 5th edn. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, pp. 11, 66, fig. 13.

Metropolitan Museum of Art. 1936. A Guide to the Collections, Part 1: Ancient and Oriental Art, 2nd edn. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.

McClees, Helen and with additions by Christine Alexander. 1941. The Daily Life of the Greeks and Romans: As Illustrated in the Classical Collections, 5th edn. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, pp. 11, 66, fig. 13.

Reuterswärd, Patrik. 1980. Studien zur Polychromie der Plastik. Stockholm: Bokförlaget Svenska, p. 129, n. 318.

Metropolitan Museum of Art. 1987. Greece and Rome. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, no. 78, pp. 108-9.

Milleker, Elizabeth J. 2000. The Year One: Art of the Ancient World East and West, edited by Elizabeth J. Milleker. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, no. 18, pp. 38, 205.