All You Need Is Loeb --

Speranza



**************************************************************************

		APOLLONIO RODIO "Argonautica" Edited by William H. Race. Apollonius Rhodius’s "Argonautica", composed in the third century BC, is an epic retelling of GIASONE’s quest for the golden fleece. It greatly influenced Roman authors such as Catullo, Virgilio, and Ovidio, and was imitated by Valerio Flacco. *************************************************************** APPIANO
		"Roman History" I Edited by Horace White Appian (first–second century A. D.), a Greek from Antioch, offers a history of the rise of Rome but often shows us events from the point of view of the conquered peoples. Books on the Spanish, Hannibalic, Punic, Illyrian, Syrian, Mythridatic, and Civil wars are extant. ******************* APPIANO
		Roman History II White, Horace Appian (first–second century CE), a Greek from Antioch, offers a history of the rise of Rome but often shows us events from the point of view of the conquered peoples. Books on the Spanish, Hannibalic, Punic, Illyrian, Syrian, Mythridatic, and Civil wars are extant. ****************** APPIANO
		Roman History III   White, Horace Appian (first–second century CE), a Greek from Antioch, offers a history of the rise of Rome but often shows us events from the point of view of the conquered peoples. Books on the Spanish, Hannibalic, Punic, Illyrian, Syrian, Mythridatic, and Civil wars are extant. *************** APPIANO
		Roman History IV White, Horace Appian (first–second century CE), a Greek from Antioch, offers a history of the rise of Rome but often shows us events from the point of view of the conquered peoples. Books on the Spanish, Hannibalic, Punic, Illyrian, Syrian, Mythridatic, and Civil wars are extant.
		*************************************************** Catullo. Tibullo. Edited by F. W. Cornish, Postgate, J. P. and Mackail, J. W. Catullo (84–54 BC) couples consummate poetic artistry with intensity of feeling. Tibullo (c. 54–19 BC) proclaims love for Delia and Nemesis in elegy. The beautiful verse of the "Pervigilium Veneris" (fourth century A.D.) celebrates a spring festival in honour of the goddess of love. ******************* CICERONE
		"Letters to Attico" Edited by D. R. Shackleton Bailey In letters to his friend Attico, Cicerone (106–43 BC) reveals himself as to no other of his correspondents except, perhaps, his brother, and vividly depicts a momentous period in Roman history, marked by the rise of Julius Caesar and the downfall of the Republic.
		***************** CICERONE Letters to Attico II Shackleton Bailey, D. R. In letters to his friend Atticus, Cicero (106–43 BCE) reveals himself as to no other of his correspondents except, perhaps, his brother, and vividly depicts a momentous period in Roman history, marked by the rise of Julius Caesar and the downfall of the Republic.
		************ EURIPIDE Suppliant Women. Electra. Heracles Edited by D. Kovacs Euripides (c. 485–406 BCE) has been prized in every age for his emotional and intellectual drama. Eighteen of his ninety or so plays survive complete, including Medea, Hippolytus, and Bacchae, one of the great masterpieces of the tragic genre. Fragments of his lost plays also survive.
		************ EURIPIDE Trojan Women. Iphigenia among the Taurians. Ion Edited by D. Kovacs Euripides (c. 485–406 BCE) has been prized in every age for his emotional and intellectual drama. Eighteen of his ninety or so plays survive complete, including Medea, Hippolytus, and Bacchae, one of the great masterpieces of the tragic genre. Fragments of his lost plays also survive.
		Helen. Phoenician Women. Orestes Euripides Kovacs, David Euripides (c. 485–406 BCE) has been prized in every age for his emotional and intellectual drama. Eighteen of his ninety or so plays survive complete, including Medea, Hippolytus, and Bacchae, one of the great masterpieces of the tragic genre. Fragments of his lost plays also survive.
12.		Cyclops. Alcestis. Medea Euripide Kovacs, David Euripides (c. 485–406 BCE) has been prized in every age for his emotional and intellectual drama. Eighteen of his ninety or so plays survive complete, including Medea, Hippolytus, and Bacchae, one of the great masterpieces of the tragic genre. Fragments of his lost plays also survive.
13.		Orations 1-5 Julian Wright, Wilmer C. The surviving works of the Roman Emperor Julian “the Apostate” (331 or 332–363 CE) include eight Orations; Misopogon (Beard-Hater), assailing the morals of the people of Antioch; more than eighty Letters; and fragments of Against the Galileans, written mainly to show that the Old Testament lacks evidence for the idea of Christianity.
		Phalaris. Hippias or The Bath. Dionysus. Heracles. Amber or The Swans. The Fly. Nigrinus. Demonax. The Hall. My Native Land. Octogenarians. A True Story. Slander. The Consonants at Law. The Carousal (Symposium) or The Lapiths Lucian Harmon, A. M. Lucian (c. 120–190 CE), apprentice sculptor then traveling rhetorician, settled in Athens and developed an original brand of satire. Notable for the Attic purity and elegance of his Greek and for literary versatility, he is famous chiefly for the lively, cynical wit of the dialogues in which he satirizes human folly, superstition, and hypocrisy.
		************************************************************** PETRONIO Satyricon SENECA Apocolocyntosis Edited by M. Heseltine and W. H. D. Rouse. Petronios’s Satyricon, probably written between 54 and 68 A.D., presents in lurid detail the disreputable adventures of Encolpio, including his attendance at Trimalchione’s wildly extravagant dinner party. The Apocolocyntosis (Pumpkinification), a satire on the death and apotheosis of the emperor Claudio, is attributed to Seneca (c. 4 BCE–54 CE).
		********************* FILOSTRATO Apollonius of Tyana, Volume I Jones, Christopher P. In his Life of Apollonius, Philostratus (second to third century CE) portrays a first-century CE teacher, religious reformer, and perceived rival to Jesus. Apollonius’s letters, ancient reports about him, and a letter by Eusebius (fourth century CE) that is now central to the history of Philostratus’s work add to the portrait.
		Apollonius of Tyana, Volume II Philostratus Jones, Christopher P. In his Life of Apollonius, Philostratus (second to third century CE) portrays a first-century CE teacher, religious reformer, and perceived rival to Jesus. Apollonius’s letters, ancient reports about him, and a letter by Eusebius (fourth century CE) that is now central to the history of Philostratus’s work add to the portrait.
		******************* PROPERZIO "Elegies" Edited by G. P. Goold. The passionate and dramatic elegies of Properzio (c. 50–soon after 16 BC) gained him a reputation as one of Rome’s finest love poets. He portrays the uneven course of his love affair with Cinzia and also tells us much about the society of his time, then in later poems turns to the legends of ancient Rome.
		********** QUINTO SYIRNEO The Fall of Troy Way, A. S. In The Fall of Troy, Quintus Smyrnaeus (fourth century CE?) seeks to continue in Homer’s style the tale of Troy from the point at which the Iliad closes. Quintus’s fourteen-book epic poem includes the death of Achilles and the making of the Wooden Horse. It ends with the great storm that by the wrath of heaven shattered the departing Achaean fleet.
		Ajax. Electra. Oedipus Tyrannus Sophocles Lloyd-Jones, Hugh Sophocles (497/6–406 BCE), considered one of the world’s greatest poets, forged tragedy from the heroic excess of myth and legend. Seven complete plays are extant, including Oedipus Tyrannus, Ajax, Antigone, and Philoctetes. Among many fragments that also survive is a substantial portion of the satyr drama The Searchers.
		Antigone. The Women of Trachis. Philoctetes. Oedipus at Colonus Sophocles Lloyd-Jones, Hugh Sophocles (497/6–406 BCE), considered one of the world’s greatest poets, forged tragedy from the heroic excess of myth and legend. Seven complete plays are extant, including Oedipus Tyrannus, Ajax, Antigone, and Philoctetes. Among many fragments that also survive is a substantial portion of the satyr drama The Searchers.
		************* TERENZIO The Woman of Andros. The Self-Tormentor. The Eunuch Edited by John Barsby. The six plays by Terenzio (died 159 BC), all extant, imaginatively reformulate Greek New Comedy in realistic scenes and refined Latin. They include Phormio, a comedy of intrigue and trickery; The Brothers, which explores parental education of sons; and The Eunuch, which presents the most sympathetically drawn courtesan in Roman comedy.
		*********** TERENZIO Phormio. The Mother-in-Law. The Brothers Edited by John Barsby. The six plays by Terenzio (died 159 BC), all extant, imaginatively reformulate Greek New Comedy in realistic scenes and refined Latin. They include Phormio, a comedy of intrigue and trickery; The Brothers, which explores parental education of sons; and The Eunuch, which presents the most sympathetically drawn courtesan in Roman comedy.
		*************** The Apostolic Fathers, Volume I  Didache Ehrman, Bart D. The writings of the Apostolic Fathers (first and second centuries CE) give a rich and diverse picture of Christian life and thought in the period immediately after New Testament times. Some were accorded almost Scriptural authority in the early Church.
		*************** The Apostolic Fathers, Volume II Ehrman, Bart D. The writings of the Apostolic Fathers (first and second centuries CE) give a rich and diverse picture of Christian life and thought in the period immediately after New Testament times. Some were accorded almost Scriptural authority in the early Church.
		********** AUGUSTINUS Confessions I Edited by William Watts. In the Confessions, Augustine (354–430 CE) offers his great autobiography.
		Confessions I Augustine Edited by Carolyn J. B. Hammond Confessions is a spiritual autobiography of Augustine’s early life, family, associations, and explorations of alternative religious and theological viewpoints as he moved toward his conversion. Cast as a prayer addressed to God, it offers a gripping personal story and a philosophical exploration destined to have broad and lasting impact.
		Confessions II Augustine Watts, William In the Confessions, Augustine (354–430 CE) offers his great autobiography.
		Theocritus. Bion. Moschus Edmonds, J. M. Theocritus Bion Moschus Theocritus (third century BCE) was the founder of bucolic poetry. The extant poems of Moschus (second century BCE) and Bion (probably second and first centuries BCE) are not really bucolic, but Bion’s Lament for Adonis is floridly brilliant. Pattern poems are also found in the Greek Anthology, a work of many centuries.
		Orations 6-8. Letters to Themistius, To the Senate and People of Athens, To a Priest. The Caesars. Misopogon Julian Wright, Wilmer C. The surviving works of the Roman Emperor Julian “the Apostate” (331 or 332–363 CE) include eight Orations; Misopogon (Beard-Hater), assailing the morals of the people of Antioch; more than eighty Letters; and fragments of Against the Galileans, written mainly to show that the Old Testament lacks evidence for the idea of Christianity.
		******** CICERONE On Duties Miller, Walter We know more of Marco Tullio Cicerone (106–43 BCE), lawyer, orator, politician and philosopher, than of any other Roman. Besides much else, his work conveys the turmoil of his time, and the part he played in a period that saw the rise and fall of Julius Caesar in a tottering republic.
		***** SUETONIO Lives of the Caesars I Rolfe, J. C. Enriched by anecdotes, gossip, and details of character and personal appearance, Lives of the Caesars by Suetonius (born c. 70 CE) is a valuable and colorful source of information about the first twelve Roman emperors, Roman imperial politics, and Roman imperial society. Part of Suetonius’s Lives of Illustrious Men (of letters) also survives.
		**** DIO CASSIO Roman History I Cary, Earnest Foster, Herbert B. Dio Cassius (Cassius Dio), c. 150–235 CE, was born in Bithynia. Little of his Roman History survives, but missing portions are partly supplied from elsewhere and there are many excerpts. Dio’s work is a vital source for the last years of the Roman republic and the first four Roman emperors.
		**** ORAZIO Odes and Epodes Edited by Niall Rudd The poetry of Orazio (born 65 BC) is richly varied, its focus moving between public and private concerns, urban and rural settings, Stoic and Epicurean thought. His Odes cover a wide range of moods and topics. Love and political concerns are frequent themes of the Epodes.
		************** Barlaam and Ioasaph John Damascene Woodward, G. R. Mattingly, Harold Barlaam and Ioasaph, a hagiographic novel in which an Indian prince becomes aware of the world’s miseries and is converted to Christianity by a monk, is a Christianized version of the legend of the Buddha. Though often attributed to John Damascene (c. 676–749 CE), it was probably translated from Georgian into Greek in the eleventh century CE.
		***** TACITO Agricola. Germania. Dialogue on Oratory Edited by M. Hutton and W. Peterson Tacito (c. 55–c. 120 CE), renowned for concision and psychology, is paramount as a historian of the early Roman empire. Agricola includes Agricola’s career in Britain. Germania is a description of German tribes as known to the Romans. Dialogus concerns the decline of oratory and education.
		***** PLATONE Euthyphro. Apology. Crito. Phaedo. Phaedrus Fowler, Harold North The great Athenian philosopher Plato was born in 427 BCE and lived to be eighty. Acknowledged masterpieces among his works are the Symposium, which explores love in its many aspects, from physical desire to pursuit of the beautiful and the good, and the Republic, which concerns righteousness and also treats education, gender, society, and slavery.
		Roman History, Volume II Dio Cassius Cary, Earnest Foster, Herbert B. Dio Cassius (Cassius Dio), c. 150–235 CE, was born in Bithynia. Little of his Roman History survives, but missing portions are partly supplied from elsewhere and there are many excerpts. Dio’s work is a vital source for the last years of the Roman republic and the first four Roman emperors.
		***** SUETONIO Lives of the Caesars II Edited by J. C. Rolfe. Enriched by anecdotes, gossip, and details of character and personal appearance, Lives of the Caesars by Suetonius (born c. 70 CE) is a valuable and colorful source of information about the first twelve Roman emperors, Roman imperial politics, and Roman imperial society. Part of Suetonius’s Lives of Illustrious Men (of letters) also survives.
		**** GIULIO CESARE Civil Wars Peskett, A. G. In his Gallic War and Civil Wars, Caesar (100–44 B) provides vigorous, direct, clear, third-personal, and largely unemotional records of his own campaigns.
		*********** CICERONE On Ends Rackham, H. We know more of Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BCE), lawyer, orator, politician and philosopher, than of any other Roman. Besides much else, his work conveys the turmoil of his time, and the part he played in a period that saw the rise and fall of Julius Caesar in a tottering republic.
		***** OVIDIO Heroides. Amores Showerman, Grant In Heroides, Ovid (43 BCE–17 CE) allows legendary women to narrate their memories and express their emotions in verse letters to absent husbands and lovers. Ovid’s Amores are three books of elegies ostensibly about the poet’s love affair with his mistress Corinna.
		OVIDIO Metamorphoses I Miller, Frank Justus In his most influential work, the Metamorphoses, Ovid (43 BCE–17 CE) weaves a hexametric whole from a huge range of myths, which are connected by the theme of change and ingeniously linked as the narrative proceeds from earliest creation to transformation in Ovid’s own time.
		OVIDIO Metamorphoses II Miller, Frank Justus In his most influential work, the Metamorphoses, Ovid (43 BCE–17 CE) weaves a hexametric whole from a huge range of myths, which are connected by the theme of change and ingeniously linked as the narrative proceeds from earliest creation to transformation in Ovid’s own time.
		APULEIO Metamorphoses I Hanson, J. Arthur The Metamorphoses (The Golden Ass) of Apuleius (born c. 125 CE) is a romance combining realism and magic. Lucius wants the sensations of a bird, but by pharmaceutical accident becomes an ass. The bulk of the novel recounts his adventures as an animal, but Lucius also recounts many stories he overhears, including that of Cupid and Psyche.
		********** ACHILLE TAZIO Leucippe and Clitophon Edited by S. Gaselee. Leucippe and Clitophon, written in the second century CE, is exceptional among the ancient romances in being a first-person narrative: the adventures of the young couple are recounted by the hero himself. Achilles Tatius’s style is notable for descriptive detail and for his engaging digressions.
		**** PLUTARCO Lives I Perrin, Bernadotte Plutarch (c. 45–120 CE) wrote on many subjects. His forty-six Lives are biographies planned to be ethical examples in pairs, one Greek figure and one similar Roman, though the last four lives are single. They not only record careers and illustrious deeds but also offer rounded portraits of statesmen, orators, and military leaders.
		***** PLUTARCO Lives II Perrin, Bernadotte Plutarch (c. 45–120 CE) wrote on many subjects. His forty-six Lives are biographies planned to be ethical examples in pairs, one Greek figure and one similar Roman, though the last four lives are single. They not only record careers and illustrious deeds but also offer rounded portraits of statesmen, orators, and military leaders.
		History of the Wars, Volume I Procopius Dewing, H. B. History of the Wars by the Byzantine historian Procopius (late fifth century to after 558 CE) consists largely of sixth century CE military history, with much information about peoples, places, and special events. Powerful description complements careful narration. Procopius is just to the empire’s enemies and boldly criticises emperor Justinian.
		Geography, Volume I Strabo Jones, Horace Leonard In his seventeen-book Geography, Strabo (c. 64 BCE–c. 25 CE) discusses geographical method, stresses the value of geography, and draws attention to the physical, political, and historical details of separate countries. Geography is a vital source for ancient geography and informative about ancient geographers.
		Geography, Volume II Strabo Jones, Horace Leonard In his seventeen-book Geography, Strabo (c. 64 BCE–c. 25 CE) discusses geographical method, stresses the value of geography, and draws attention to the physical, political, and historical details of separate countries. Geography is a vital source for ancient geography and informative about ancient geographers.
		Cyropaedia, Volume I Xenophon Miller, Walter Cyropaedia, by Xenophon (c. 430–c. 354 BCE), is a historical romance on the education of the sixth century BCE Persian king Cyrus the Elder that reflects Xenophon’s ideas about rulers and government.
		Cyropaedia, Volume II Xenophon Miller, Walter Cyropaedia, by Xenophon (c. 430–c. 354 BCE), is a historical romance on the education of the sixth century BCE Persian king Cyrus the Elder that reflects Xenophon’s ideas about rulers and government.
		Roman History, Volume III Dio Cassius Cary, Earnest Foster, Herbert B. Dio Cassius (Cassius Dio), c. 150–235 CE, was born in Bithynia. Little of his Roman History survives, but missing portions are partly supplied from elsewhere and there are many excerpts. Dio’s work is a vital source for the last years of the Roman republic and the first four Roman emperors.
		The Downward Journey or The Tyrant. Zeus Catechized. Zeus Rants. The Dream or The Cock. Prometheus. Icaromenippus or The Sky-man. Timon or The Misanthrope. Charon or The Inspectors. Philosophies for Sale Lucian Harmon, A. M. Lucian (c. 120–190 CE), apprentice sculptor then traveling rhetorician, settled in Athens and developed an original brand of satire. Notable for the Attic purity and elegance of his Greek and for literary versatility, he is famous chiefly for the lively, cynical wit of the dialogues in which he satirizes human folly, superstition, and hypocrisy.
		PLINIO IL GIOVANE Letters I Radice, Betty The Letters of Pliny the Younger (c. 61–c. 112 CE), a polished social document of his times, include descriptions of the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 CE and the earliest pagan accounts of Christians. The Panegyricus is an expanded, published version of Pliny’s oration of thanks to the Emperor Trajan in 100 CE.
		**** PINDARO Olympian Odes. Pythian Odes Race, William H. Pindar (c. 518–438 BCE), highly esteemed as lyric poet by the ancients, commemorates in complex verse the achievements of athletes and powerful rulers at the four great Panhellenic festivals—the Olympic, Pythian, Nemean, and Isthmian games—against a backdrop of divine favor, human failure, heroic legend, and aristocratic Greek ethos.
		Theogony. Works and Days. Testimonia Hesiod Most, Glenn W. The two extant poems of Hesiod (eighth or seventh century BCE) are Theogony, in which he charts the history of the divine world, and Works and Days, in which he delivers moral precepts and practical advice for the world of men.
		Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius Haines, C. R. Marcus Aurelius (121–180 CE), philosopher-emperor, wrote the Meditations (his title was “The matters addressed to himself”) in periods of solitude during military campaigns. His ethical, religious, and existential reflections have endured as an expression of Stoicism, a text for students of that philosophy, and a guide to the moral life.
		PLINIO IL GIOVANE Letters II Radice, Betty The Letters of Pliny the Younger (c. 61–c. 112 CE), a polished social document of his times, include descriptions of the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 CE and the earliest pagan accounts of Christians. The Panegyricus is an expanded, published version of Pliny’s oration of thanks to the Emperor Trajan in 100 CE.
		************** PLAUTO Amphitryon. The Comedy of Asses. The Pot of Gold. The Two Bacchises. The Captives de Melo, Wolfgang The comedies of Plauto, who brilliantly adapted Greek plays for Roman audiences c. 205–184 BCE, are the earliest Latin works to survive complete and cornerstones of the European theatrical tradition from Shakespeare and Molière to modern times. Twenty-one of his plays are extant.
		***** PLAUTO Casina. The Casket Comedy. Curculio. Epidicus. The Two Menaechmuses de Melo, Wolfgang The comedies of Plautus, who brilliantly adapted Greek plays for Roman audiences c. 205–184 BCE, are the earliest Latin works to survive complete and cornerstones of the European theatrical tradition from Shakespeare and Molière to modern times. Twenty-one of his plays are extant.
		SENECA Tragedies I Fitch, John G. Seneca (c. 4–65 CE) authored verse tragedies that strongly influenced Shakespeare and other Renaissance dramatists. Plots are based on myth, in keeping with classical tradition, but themes reflect imperial Roman politics. Powerful rhetoric conveys intensity and the perspective is much bleaker than in Seneca’s prose writings.
		************** VIRGILIO Eclogues. Georgics. Aeneid I Fairclough, H. Rushton Virgil (70–19 BCE) was a poet of immense virtuosity and influence. His Eclogues deal with bucolic life and love, his Georgics with tillage, trees, cattle, and bees. His Aeneid is an epic on the theme of Rome’s origins. Poems of the Appendix Vergiliana are traditionally, but in most cases probably wrongly, attributed to Virgil.
		***** VIRGILIO Aeneid II Fairclough, H. Rushton Virgil (70–19 BCE) was a poet of immense virtuosity and influence. His Eclogues deal with bucolic life and love, his Georgics with tillage, trees, cattle, and bees. His Aeneid is an epic on the theme of Rome’s origins. Poems of the Appendix Vergiliana are traditionally, but in most cases probably wrongly, attributed to Virgil.
		***** PLUTARCO Lives, Volume III: Plutarch Perrin, Bernadotte Plutarch (c. 45–120 CE) wrote on many subjects. His forty-six Lives are biographies planned to be ethical examples in pairs, one Greek figure and one similar Roman, though the last four lives are single. They not only record careers and illustrious deeds but also offer rounded portraits of statesmen, orators, and military leaders.
		Roman History, Volume IV Dio Cassius Cary, Earnest Foster, Herbert B. Dio Cassius (Cassius Dio), c. 150–235 CE, was born in Bithynia. Little of his Roman History survives, but missing portions are partly supplied from elsewhere and there are many excerpts. Dio’s work is a vital source for the last years of the Roman republic and the first four Roman emperors.
		The Greek Anthology, Volume I Paton, W. R. The Greek Anthology (Gathering of Flowers) is the name given to a collection over many centuries of about 4500 short Greek poems (called epigrams but usually not epigrammatic) by about 300 composers. Meleager of Gadara (first century BCE), an outstanding contributor, also assembled the Stephanus (Garland), a compilation fundamental to the Anthology.
		The Greek Anthology, Volume I Epigrams Paton, W. R. The Greek Anthology contains some 4,500 Greek poems in the sparkling, diverse genre of epigram, written by more than a hundred composers, collected over centuries, and arranged by subject. This Loeb edition replaces the earlier edition by W. R. Paton, with a Greek text and ample notes reflecting current scholarship.
		The Greek Anthology, Volume II Paton, W. R. The Greek Anthology (Gathering of Flowers) is the name given to a collection over many centuries of about 4500 short Greek poems (called epigrams but usually not epigrammatic) by about 300 composers. Meleager of Gadara (first century BCE), an outstanding contributor, also assembled the Stephanus (Garland), a compilation fundamental to the Anthology.
		Daphnis and Chloe. Anthia and Habrocomes Longus Xenophon of Ephesus Henderson, Jeffrey Longus’s Daphnis and Chloe (second or early third century CE), in which an idealized pastoral environment provides the setting as a boy and girl discover their sexuality, is one of the great works of world literature. Xenophon’s Anthia and Habrocomes (first century CE) is perhaps the earliest extant novel.
		Enquiry into Plants, Volume I Theophrastus Hort, Arthur F. Enquiry into Plants and De Causis Plantarum by Theophrastus (c. 370–c. 285 BCE) are a counterpart to Aristotle’s zoological work and the most important botanical work of antiquity now extant. In the former, Theophrastus classifies and describes varieties—covering trees, plants of particular regions, shrubs, herbaceous plants, and cereals; in the last of the nine books he focuses on plant juices and medicinal properties of herbs. His On Odours and Weather Signs are minor treatises.
		On the Natural Faculties Galen Brock, A. J. Galen (129–199 CE) crystallized all the best work of the Greek medical schools which had preceded his own time, including Hippocrates’s foundational work six hundred years earlier. It is in the form of Galenism that Greek medicine was transmitted to later ages.
		**** GIULIO CESARE The Gallic War Edwards, H. J. In his Gallic War and Civil Wars, Caesar (100–44 BCE) provides vigorous, direct, clear, third-personal, and largely unemotional records of his own campaigns.
		Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle Rackham, H. Nearly all the works Aristotle (384–322 BCE) prepared for publication are lost; the priceless ones extant are lecture materials, notes, and memoranda (some are spurious). They can be categorized as: practical; logical; physical; metaphysical; on art; other; or fragments.
		***** BOEZIO Theological Tractates. The Consolation of Philosophy Stewart, H. F., Rand, E. K., Tester, S. J. The classical and Christian worlds meet in Boethius (c. 480–524 CE), the last writer of purely literary Latin from antiquity. His Tractates examine the Trinity and incarnation in Aristotelian terms. His Consolation of Philosophy, a dialogue between himself and Philosophy, is theistic in tone but draws on Greek, especially Neoplatonist, sources.
		**** SENECA Epistles I Gummere, Richard M. In 124 epistles Seneca (c. 4–65 CE) writes to Lucilius, occasionally about technical problems of philosophy, but more often in a relaxed style about moral and ethical questions, relating them to personal experiences. He thus presents a Stoic philosopher’s thoughts about the good life in a contemporary context.
		***** SENECA Epistles II Seneca Gummere, Richard M. In 124 epistles Seneca (c. 4–65 CE) writes to Lucilius, occasionally about technical problems of philosophy, but more often in a relaxed style about moral and ethical questions, relating them to personal experiences. He thus presents a Stoic philosopher’s thoughts about the good life in a contemporary context.
		***** SENECA Epistles III Gummere, Richard M. In 124 epistles Seneca (c. 4–65 CE) writes to Lucilius, occasionally about technical problems of philosophy, but more often in a relaxed style about moral and ethical questions, relating them to personal experiences. He thus presents a Stoic philosopher’s thoughts about the good life in a contemporary context.
		***** SENECA Tragedies II Fitch, John G. Seneca (c. 4–65 CE) authored verse tragedies that strongly influenced Shakespeare and other Renaissance dramatists. Plots are based on myth, in keeping with classical tradition, but themes reflect imperial Roman politics. Powerful rhetoric conveys intensity and the perspective is much bleaker than in Seneca’s prose writings.
		***** TEOFRASTO Enquiry into Plants, Volume II Hort, Arthur F. Enquiry into Plants and De Causis Plantarum by Theophrastus (c. 370–c. 285 BCE) are a counterpart to Aristotle’s zoological work and the most important botanical work of antiquity now extant. In the former, Theophrastus classifies and describes varieties—covering trees, plants of particular regions, shrubs, herbaceous plants, and cereals; in the last of the nine books he focuses on plant juices and medicinal properties of herbs. His On Odours and Weather Signs are minor treatises.
		**** PLUTARCO Lives, Volume IV Perrin, Bernadotte Plutarch (c. 45–120 CE) wrote on many subjects. His forty-six Lives are biographies planned to be ethical examples in pairs, one Greek figure and one similar Roman, though the last four lives are single. They not only record careers and illustrious deeds but also offer rounded portraits of statesmen, orators, and military leaders.
		**** PROCOPIO History of the Wars, Volume II Dewing, H. B. History of the Wars by the Byzantine historian Procopius (late fifth century to after 558 CE) consists largely of sixth century CE military history, with much information about peoples, places, and special events. Powerful description complements careful narration. Procopius is just to the empire’s enemies and boldly criticises emperor Justinian.
		Roman History, Volume V: Books 46-50 Dio Cassius Cary, Earnest Foster, Herbert B. Dio Cassius (Cassius Dio), c. 150–235 CE, was born in Bithynia. Little of his Roman History survives, but missing portions are partly supplied from elsewhere and there are many excerpts. Dio’s work is a vital source for the last years of the Roman republic and the first four Roman emperors.
		Roman History, Volume VI: Books 51-55 Dio Cassius Cary, Earnest Foster, Herbert B. Dio Cassius (Cassius Dio), c. 150–235 CE, was born in Bithynia. Little of his Roman History survives, but missing portions are partly supplied from elsewhere and there are many excerpts. Dio’s work is a vital source for the last years of the Roman republic and the first four Roman emperors.
		The Greek Anthology, Volume III: Book 9: The Declamatory Epigrams Paton, W. R. The Greek Anthology (Gathering of Flowers) is the name given to a collection over many centuries of about 4500 short Greek poems (called epigrams but usually not epigrammatic) by about 300 composers. Meleager of Gadara (first century BCE), an outstanding contributor, also assembled the Stephanus (Garland), a compilation fundamental to the Anthology.
		The Greek Anthology, Volume IV: Book 10: The Hortatory and Admonitory Epigrams. Book 11: The Convivial and Satirical Epigrams. Book 12: Strato's Musa Puerilis Paton, W. R. The Greek Anthology (Gathering of Flowers) is the name given to a collection over many centuries of about 4500 short Greek poems (called epigrams but usually not epigrammatic) by about 300 composers. Meleager of Gadara (first century BCE), an outstanding contributor, also assembled the Stephanus (Garland), a compilation fundamental to the Anthology.
		The Greek Anthology, Volume V: Book 13: Epigrams in Various Metres. Book 14: Arithmetical Problems, Riddles, Oracles. Book 15: Miscellanea. Book 16: Epigrams of the Planudean Anthology Not in the Palatine Manuscript Paton, W. R. The Greek Anthology (Gathering of Flowers) is the name given to a collection over many centuries of about 4500 short Greek poems (called epigrams but usually not epigrammatic) by about 300 composers. Meleager of Gadara (first century BCE), an outstanding contributor, also assembled the Stephanus (Garland), a compilation fundamental to the Anthology.
		Lives, Volume V: Agesilaus and Pompey. Pelopidas and Marcellus Plutarch Perrin, Bernadotte Plutarch (c. 45–120 CE) wrote on many subjects. His forty-six Lives are biographies planned to be ethical examples in pairs, one Greek figure and one similar Roman, though the last four lives are single. They not only record careers and illustrious deeds but also offer rounded portraits of statesmen, orators, and military leaders.
		Hellenica, Volume I: Books 1-4 Xenophon Brownson, Carleton L. Hellenica by Xenophon (c. 430–c. 354 BCE) is a history of Greek affairs from 411–362 BCE that begins as a continuation of Thucydides’s account.
		Hellenica, Volume II Xenophon Brownson, Carleton L. Hellenica by Xenophon (c. 430–c. 354 BCE) is a history of Greek affairs from 411–362 BCE that begins as a continuation of Thucydides’s account.
		Anabasis Xenophon Brownson, Carleton L. The Anabasis by Xenophon (c. 430–c. 354 BCE) is an eyewitness account of Greek mercenaries’ challenging “March Up-Country” from Babylon back to the coast of Asia Minor under Xenophon’s guidance in 401 BCE, after their leader Cyrus the Younger fell in a failed campaign against his brother.
		**** GIOVENALE PERSIO Braund, Susanna Morton Bite and wit characterize two seminal and stellar authors in the history of satirical writing, Persius (34–62 CE) and Juvenal (writing about sixty years later). The latter especially had a lasting influence on English writers of the Renaissance and succeeding centuries.
		**** The Exhortation to the Greeks. The Rich Man's Salvation. To the Newly Baptized Clement of Alexandria Butterworth, G. W. Born probably 150 CE in Athens, Clement was a key figure in early Christianity with wide knowledge of Greek literature and culture. His Exhortation to the Greeks to give up their gods and turn to Christ shows familiarity with the mystery cults. The Rich Man’s Salvation is a homily that offers a glimpse of Clement’s public teaching.
		Description of Greece, Volume I Pausanias Jones, W. H. S. Pausanias (fl. 150 CE), one of the Roman world’s great travelers, sketches in Description of Greece the history, geography, landmarks, legends, and religious cults of all the important Greek cities. He shares his enthusiasm for great sites, describing them with care and an accuracy confirmed by comparison with monuments that still stand today.
		**** MARZIALE Epigrams I Shackleton Bailey, D. R. In his epigrams, Martial (c. 40–c. 103 CE) is a keen, sharp-tongued observer of Roman scenes and events, including the new Colosseum, country life, a debauchee’s banquet, and the eruption of Vesuvius. His poems are sometimes obscene, in the tradition of the genre, sometimes affectionate or amusing, and always pointed.
		**** MARZIALE Epigrams II Shackleton Bailey, D. R. In his epigrams, Martial (c. 40–c. 103 CE) is a keen, sharp-tongued observer of Roman scenes and events, including the new Colosseum, country life, a debauchee’s banquet, and the eruption of Vesuvius. His poems are sometimes obscene, in the tradition of the genre, sometimes affectionate or amusing, and always pointed.
		**** AUSONIO I Evelyn-White, Hugh G. The surviving works of Ausonius (c. 310–c. 395 CE) include much poetry, notably The Daily Round and The Moselle. There is also an address of thanks to Gratian for the consulship. The stated aim of Eucharisticus by Paulinus Pellaeus (376–after 459 CE) is to give thanks for the guidance of providence in its author’s life.
		**** CICERONE Letters to Atticus III Shackleton Bailey, D. R. In letters to his friend Atticus, Cicero (106–43 BCE) reveals himself as to no other of his correspondents except, perhaps, his brother, and vividly depicts a momentous period in Roman history, marked by the rise of Julius Caesar and the downfall of the Republic.
		****** Lives, Volume VI Plutarch Perrin, Bernadotte Plutarch (c. 45–120 CE) wrote on many subjects. His forty-six Lives are biographies planned to be ethical examples in pairs, one Greek figure and one similar Roman, though the last four lives are single. They not only record careers and illustrious deeds but also offer rounded portraits of statesmen, orators, and military leaders.
		Lives, Volume VII Plutarch Perrin, Bernadotte Plutarch (c. 45–120 CE) wrote on many subjects. His forty-six Lives are biographies planned to be ethical examples in pairs, one Greek figure and one similar Roman, though the last four lives are single. They not only record careers and illustrious deeds but also offer rounded portraits of statesmen, orators, and military leaders.
		Lives, Volume VIII Plutarch Perrin, Bernadotte Plutarch (c. 45–120 CE) wrote on many subjects. His forty-six Lives are biographies planned to be ethical examples in pairs, one Greek figure and one similar Roman, though the last four lives are single. They not only record careers and illustrious deeds but also offer rounded portraits of statesmen, orators, and military leaders.
		Lives, Volume IX Plutarch Perrin, Bernadotte Plutarch (c. 45–120 CE) wrote on many subjects. His forty-six Lives are biographies planned to be ethical examples in pairs, one Greek figure and one similar Roman, though the last four lives are single. They not only record careers and illustrious deeds but also offer rounded portraits of statesmen, orators, and military leaders.
		Lives, Volume X Plutarch Perrin, Bernadotte Plutarch (c. 45–120 CE) wrote on many subjects. His forty-six Lives are biographies planned to be ethical examples in pairs, one Greek figure and one similar Roman, though the last four lives are single. They not only record careers and illustrious deeds but also offer rounded portraits of statesmen, orators, and military leaders.
		Lives, Volume XI Plutarch Perrin, Bernadotte Plutarch (c. 45–120 CE) wrote on many subjects. His forty-six Lives are biographies planned to be ethical examples in pairs, one Greek figure and one similar Roman, though the last four lives are single. They not only record careers and illustrious deeds but also offer rounded portraits of statesmen, orators, and military leaders.
		Odyssey, Volume I Homer Murray, A. T. The Iliad and the Odyssey of Homer (eighth century BCE) are the two oldest European epic poems. The latter tells of Odysseus’s journey home from the Trojan War and the temptations, delays, and dangers he faced at every turn.
		Odyssey, Volume II Homer Murray, A. T. The Iliad and the Odyssey of Homer (eighth century BCE) are the two oldest European epic poems. The latter tells of Odysseus’s journey home from the Trojan War and the temptations, delays, and dangers he faced at every turn.
		Speeches Aeschines Adams, C. D. As examples of Greek oratory the speeches of Aeschines (390 or 389–314 BCE) rank next to those of Demosthenes, and are important documents for the study of Athenian diplomacy and inner politics. Aeschines’s powerful speeches include Against Timarchus, On the False Embassy, and Against Ctesiphon.
		History of the Wars, Volume III Procopius Dewing, H. B. History of the Wars by the Byzantine historian Procopius (late fifth century to after 558 CE) consists largely of sixth century CE military history, with much information about peoples, places, and special events. Powerful description complements careful narration. Procopius is just to the empire’s enemies and boldly criticises emperor Justinian.
		History of the Peloponnesian War, Volume I Thucydides Smith, C. F. The Peloponnesian War was really three conflicts (431–421, 415–413, and 413–404 BCE) that Thucydides was still unifying into one account when he died some time before 396 BCE. Although unfinished and as a whole unrevised, in brilliance of description and depth of insight this history has no superior.
		History of the Peloponnesian War, Volume II Thucydides Smith, C. F. The Peloponnesian War was really three conflicts (431–421, 415–413, and 413–404 BCE) that Thucydides was still unifying into one account when he died some time before 396 BCE. Although unfinished and as a whole unrevised, in brilliance of description and depth of insight this history has no superior.
		History of the Peloponnesian War, Volume III Thucydides Smith, C. F. The Peloponnesian War was really three conflicts (431–421, 415–413, and 413–404 BCE) that Thucydides was still unifying into one account when he died some time before 396 BCE. Although unfinished and as a whole unrevised, in brilliance of description and depth of insight this history has no superior.
		**** TACITO Histories I Moore, Clifford H. Tacitus (c. 55–c. 120 CE), renowned for concision and psychology, is paramount as a historian of the early Roman empire. What survives of Histories covers the dramatic years 69–70. What survives of Annals tells an often terrible tale of 14–28, 31–37, and, partially, 47–66.
		**** FRONTO Correspondence I Haines, C. R. Fronto (c. 100–176 CE), a much admired orator and rhetorician, was befriended by the emperor Antoninus Pius and taught his adopted sons Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus. His correspondence offers an invaluable picture of aristocratic life and literary culture in the second century.
		**** FRONTO Correspondence II Haines, C. R. Fronto (c. 100–176 CE), a much admired orator and rhetorician, was befriended by the emperor Antoninus Pius and teacher of his adopted sons Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus. His correspondence offers an invaluable picture of aristocratic life and literary culture in the 2nd century.
		***** LIVIO History of Rome I Foster, B. O. The only extant work by Livy (64 or 59 BCE –12 or 17 CE) is part of his history of Rome from the foundation of the city to 9 BCE. Of its 142 books 1–10, 21–45 (except parts of 41 and 43–45), fragments, and short summaries remain. Livy’s history is a source for the De Prodigiis of Julius Obsequens (fourth century CE).
		***** AUSONIO II Evelyn-White, Hugh G. and Paulino Pelleo The surviving works of Ausonius (c. 310–c. 395 CE) include much poetry, notably The Daily Round and The Moselle. There is also an address of thanks to Gratian for the consulship. The stated aim of Eucharisticus by Paulinus Pellaeus (376–after 459 CE) is to give thanks for the guidance of providence in its author’s life.
		***** SALLUSTIO The War with Catiline. The War with Jugurtha Rolfe, J. C. Sallust’s two extant monographs take as their theme the moral and political decline of Rome, one on the conspiracy of Catiline and the other on the war with Jugurtha. Although Sallust is decidedly unsubtle and partisan in analyzing people and events, his works are important and significantly influenced later historians, notably Tacitus.
		**** ERODOTO The Persian Wars I Godley, A. D. After personal inquiry and study of hearsay and other evidence, Herodotus (born c. 484 BCE) gives us in his famous history of warfare between the Greeks and the Persians a not uncritical estimate of the best that he could find.
		The Persian Wars II Herodotus Godley, A. D. After personal inquiry and study of hearsay and other evidence, Herodotus (born c. 484 BCE) gives us in his famous history of warfare between the Greeks and the Persians a not uncritical estimate of the best that he could find.
		The Persian Wars III Herodotus Godley, A. D. After personal inquiry and study of hearsay and other evidence, Herodotus (born c. 484 BCE) gives us in his famous history of warfare between the Greeks and the Persians a not uncritical estimate of the best that he could find.
		The Persian Wars IV Herodotus Godley, A. D. After personal inquiry and study of hearsay and other evidence, Herodotus (born c. 484 BCE) gives us in his famous history of warfare between the Greeks and the Persians a not uncritical estimate of the best that he could find.
		The Library I Apollodorus Frazer, James G. Attributed to Apollodorus of Athens (born c. 180 BCE), but probably composed in the first or second century BCE, The Library provides a grand summary of Greek myths and heroic legends about the origin and early history of the world and of the Hellenic people.
		The Library II Apollodorus Frazer, James G. Attributed to Apollodorus of Athens (born c. 180 BCE), but probably composed in the first or second century BCE, The Library provides a grand summary of Greek myths and heroic legends about the origin and early history of the world and of the Hellenic people.
		**** PLATONE Theaetetus. Sophist Fowler, Harold North The great Athenian philosopher Plato was born in 427 BCE and lived to be eighty. Acknowledged masterpieces among his works are the Symposium, which explores love in its many aspects, from physical desire to pursuit of the beautiful and the good, and the Republic, which concerns righteousness and also treats education, gender, society, and slavery.
		****** QUINTILIANO The Orator's Education I Russell, Donald A. Quintilian, born in Spain about 35 CE, became a renowned and successful teacher of rhetoric in Rome. In The Orator’s Education (Institutio Oratoria), a comprehensive training program in twelve books, he draws on his own rich experience. It provides not only insights on oratory, but also a picture of Roman education and social attitudes.
		**** QUINTILIANO The Orator's Education II Russell, Donald A. Quintilian, born in Spain about 35 CE, became a renowned and successful teacher of rhetoric in Rome. In The Orator’s Education (Institutio Oratoria), a comprehensive training program in twelve books, he draws on his own rich experience. It provides not only insights on oratory, but also a picture of Roman education and social attitudes.
		***** QUINTILIANO The Orator's Education III Russell, Donald A. Quintilian, born in Spain about 35 CE, became a renowned and successful teacher of rhetoric in Rome. In The Orator’s Education (Institutio Oratoria), a comprehensive training program in twelve books, he draws on his own rich experience. It provides not only insights on oratory, but also a picture of Roman education and social attitudes.
		****** QUINTILIANO The Orator's Education IV Quintilian Russell, Donald A. Quintilian, born in Spain about 35 CE, became a renowned and successful teacher of rhetoric in Rome. In The Orator’s Education (Institutio Oratoria), a comprehensive training program in twelve books, he draws on his own rich experience. It provides not only insights on oratory, but also a picture of Roman education and social attitudes.
		POLIBIO The Histories I Paton, W. R. In his history, Polybius (c. 200–118 BCE) is centrally concerned with how and why Roman power spread. The main part of the work, a vital achievement despite the incomplete state in which all but the first five books of an original forty survive, describes the rise of Rome, its destruction of Carthage, and its eventual domination of the Greek world.
		Hymns and Epigrams. Lycophron: Alexandra. Aratus: Phaenomena Callimachus Lycophron Aratus Mair, A. W. Mair, G. R. Callimachus (third century BCE) authored hymns and epigrams. The monodrama Alexandra is attributed to his contemporary, Lycophron. Phaenomena, a poem on star constellations and weather signs by Aratus (c. 315–245 BCE), was among the most widely read in antiquity and one of the few Greek poems translated into Arabic.
		The Dead Come to Life or The Fisherman. The Double Indictment or Trials by Jury. On Sacrifices. The Ignorant Book Collector. The Dream or Lucian's Career. The Parasite. The Lover of Lies. The Judgement of the Goddesses. On Salaried Posts in Great Houses Lucian Harmon, A. M. Lucian (c. 120–190 CE), apprentice sculptor then traveling rhetorician, settled in Athens and developed an original brand of satire. Notable for the Attic purity and elegance of his Greek and for literary versatility, he is famous chiefly for the lively, cynical wit of the dialogues in which he satirizes human folly, superstition, and hypocrisy.
		Discourses, Books 1-2 Epictetus Oldfather, W. A. Unlike his predecessors, Epictetus (c. 50–120 CE), who grew up as a slave, taught Stoicism not for the select few but for the many. A student, the historian Arrian, recorded Epictetus’s lectures and, in the Encheiridion, a handbook, summarized his thought.
		Aspis. Georgos. Dis Exapaton. Dyskolos. Encheiridion. Epitrepontes Menander Arnott, W. G. Menander (?344/3–292/1 BCE), the dominant figure in New Comedy, wrote over 100 plays, of which one complete play, substantial portions of six others, and smaller but interesting fragments have been recovered. The complete play, Dyskolos (The Peevish Fellow), won first prize in Athens in 317 BCE.
		***** LIVIO History of Rome II Foster, B. O. The only extant work by Livy (64 or 59 BCE –12 or 17 CE) is part of his history of Rome from the foundation of the city to 9 BCE. Of its 142 books 1–10, 21–45 (except parts of 41 and 43–45), fragments, and short summaries remain. Livy’s history is a source for the De Prodigiis of Julius Obsequens (fourth century CE).
		Lives of the Sophists. Eunapius: Lives of the Philosophers and Sophists Philostratus Eunapius Wright, Wilmer C. In Lives of the Sophists, Philostratus (second to third century CE) depicts the widespread influence of Sophistic in the second and third centuries CE. Lives of Philosophers and Sophists by Eunapius (born 347 CE) is our only source concerning Neo-Platonism in the latter part of the fourth century CE.
		************ CLAUDIANO On Stilicho's Consulship 1 Platnauer, M. Claudius Claudianus (c. 370–c. 410 CE) gives us important knowledge of Honorius’s time and displays poetic as well as rhetorical skill, command of language, and diversity. A panegyric on the brothers Probinus and Olybrius (consuls together in 395 CE) was followed mostly by epics in hexameters, but also by elegiacs, epistles, epigrams, and idylls.
		***** CLAUDIANO On Stilicho's Consulship 2 Platnauer, M. Claudius Claudianus (c. 370–c. 410 CE) gives us important knowledge of Honorius’s time and displays poetic as well as rhetorical skill, command of language, and diversity. A panegyric on the brothers Probinus and Olybrius (consuls together in 395 CE) was followed mostly by epics in hexameters, but also by elegiacs, epistles, epigrams, and idylls.
		The Histories, Volume II: Books 3-4 Polybius Paton, W. R. In his history, Polybius (c. 200–118 BCE) is centrally concerned with how and why Roman power spread. The main part of the work, a vital achievement despite the incomplete state in which all but the first five books of an original forty survive, describes the rise of Rome, its destruction of Carthage, and its eventual domination of the Greek world.
		The Histories, Volume III: Books 5-8 Polybius Paton, W. R. In his history, Polybius (c. 200–118 BCE) is centrally concerned with how and why Roman power spread. The main part of the work, a vital achievement despite the incomplete state in which all but the first five books of an original forty survive, describes the rise of Rome, its destruction of Carthage, and its eventual domination of the Greek world.
		Historia Augusta I Magie, David The Historia Augusta (or Scriptores Historiae Augustae) is a series of biographies of Roman emperors, heirs, and claimants from Hadrian to Numerianus (117–284 CE) modeled on Suetonius’s Lives of the Caesars (second century CE). Of uncertain reliability and authorship, it is now attributed by many authorities to one late fourth century CE author.
		Historia Augusta II Magie, David The Historia Augusta (or Scriptores Historiae Augustae) is a series of biographies of Roman emperors, heirs, and claimants from Hadrian to Numerianus (117–284 CE) modeled on Suetonius’s Lives of the Caesars (second century CE). Of uncertain reliability and authorship, it is now attributed by many authorities to one late fourth century CE author.
		CICERONE Tusculan Disputations King, J. E. We know more of Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BCE), lawyer, orator, politician and philosopher, than of any other Roman. Besides much else, his work conveys the turmoil of his time, and the part he played in a period that saw the rise and fall of Julius Caesar in a tottering republic.
		Greek Lyric I Campbell, David A. Sappho Alcaeus Sappho, the most famous woman poet of antiquity, whose main theme was love, and Alcaeus, poet of wine, war, and politics, were two illustrious singers of sixth-century BCE Lesbos.
		Greek Lyric II Campbell, David A. Anacreon Anacreon (c. 570–485 BCE) was a composer of solo song. The Anacreonta were composed over several centuries. Notable among the earliest writers of choral poetry are the seventh-century BCE Spartans Alcman and Terpander.
		Greek Lyric V Campbell, David A. Dithyrambic poets of the new school were active from the mid-fifth to mid-fourth century BCE. Anonymous poems include drinking songs, children’s ditties, and cult hymns.
		Persians. Seven against Thebes. Suppliants. Prometheus Bound Aeschylus Sommerstein, Alan H. Aeschylus (c. 525–456 BCE) is the dramatist who made Athenian tragedy one of the world’s great art forms. Seven of his eighty or so plays survive complete, including the Oresteia trilogy and the Persians, the only extant Greek historical drama. Fragments of his lost plays also survive.
		Oresteia: Agamemnon. Libation-Bearers. Eumenides Aeschylus Sommerstein, Alan H. Aeschylus (c. 525–456 BCE) is the dramatist who made Athenian tragedy one of the world’s great art forms. Seven of his eighty or so plays survive complete, including the Oresteia trilogy and the Persians, the only extant Greek historical drama. Fragments of his lost plays also survive.
		Ancient Medicine. Airs, Waters, Places. Epidemics 1 and 3. The Oath. Precepts. Nutriments Hippocrates Jones, W. H. S. Of the roughly seventy treatises in the Hippocratic Collection, many are not by Hippocrates (said to have been born in Cos in or before 460 BCE), but they are essential sources of information about the practice of medicine in antiquity and about Greek theories concerning the human body, and he was undeniably the “Father of Medicine.”
		Prognostic. Regimen in Acute Diseases. The Sacred Disease. The Art. Breaths. Law. Decorum. Physician (Ch. 1). Dentition Hippocrates Jones, W. H. S. Of the roughly seventy treatises in the Hippocratic Collection, many are not by Hippocrates (said to have been born in Cos in or before 460 BCE), but they are essential sources of information about the practice of medicine in antiquity and about Greek theories concerning the human body, and he was undeniably the “Father of Medicine.”
		On Wounds in the Head. In the Surgery. On Fractures. On Joints. Mochlicon Hippocrates Withington, E. T. Of the roughly seventy treatises in the Hippocratic Collection, many are not by Hippocrates (said to have been born in Cos in or before 460 BCE), but they are essential sources of information about the practice of medicine in antiquity and about Greek theories concerning the human body, and he was undeniably the “Father of Medicine.”
		Nature of Man. Regimen in Health. Humours. Aphorisms. Regimen 1-3. Dreams. Heracleitus: On the Universe Hippocrates Jones, W. H. S. Heracleitus Of the roughly seventy treatises in the Hippocratic Collection, many are not by Hippocrates (said to have been born in Cos in or before 460 BCE), but they are essential sources of information about the practice of medicine in antiquity and about Greek theories concerning the human body, and he was undeniably the “Father of Medicine.” ************ OVIDIO
		Tristia. Ex Ponto Edited by A. Wheeler. In the melancholy elegies of the Tristia and the Ex Ponto, Ovid (43 BCE–17 CE) writes from exile in Tomis on the Black Sea, appealing to such people as his wife and the emperor.
		************** VELLEIO PATERCOLO Compendium of Roman History. Res Gestae Divi Augusti Edited by F. Shipley Velleius Paterculus lived in the reigns of Augustus and Tiberius (30 BCE–37 CE) and wrote a summary of Roman history from the fall of Troy to 29 CE. In 13–14 CE, Emperor Augustus wrote an account of his public life, Res Gestae Divi Augusti, the best preserved copy of which was engraved on the walls of his temple at Ancyra (Ankara).
		Ecclesiastical History, Volume I Eusebius Lake, Kirsopp Eusebius, Bishop of Caesarea from about 315 CE, was the most important writer in the age of Constantine. His history of the Christian church from the ministry of Jesus to 324 CE is a treasury of information, especially on the Eastern centers.
		********** CICERONE On Old Age. On Friendship. On Divination Edited by W. Falconer. We know more of Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BCE), lawyer, orator, politician and philosopher, than of any other Roman. Besides much else, his work conveys the turmoil of his time, and the part he played in a period that saw the rise and fall of Julius Caesar in a tottering republic.
		Orations II Demosthenes Vince, C. A. Vince, J. H. Demosthenes (384–322 BCE), orator at Athens, was a pleader in law courts who later became also a champion of Athenian greatness and Greek resistance to Philip of Macedon. His steadfastness, pungent argument, and severe control of language gained him early reputation as the best of Greek orators, and his works provide vivid pictures of contemporary life.
		Aeneas Tacticus, Asclepiodotus, and Onasander Aeneas Tacticus Asclepiodotus Onasander Illinois Greek Club The surviving work of Aeneas (fourth century BCE) is on defense against siege. Asclepiodotus (first century BCE) wrote a work on Tactics as though for the lecture room, based on earlier manuals, not personal experience. Onasander’s The General (first century CE) deals with the qualities expected of a general.
		**** GIULIANO Letters. Epigrams. Against the Galilaeans. Fragments Wright, Wilmer C. The surviving works of the Roman Emperor Julian “the Apostate” (331 or 332–363 CE) include eight Orations; Misopogon (Beard-Hater), assailing the morals of the people of Antioch; more than eighty Letters; and fragments of Against the Galileans, written mainly to show that the Old Testament lacks evidence for the idea of Christianity. ****************** CICERONE
		Pro Archia. Post Reditum in Senatu. Post Reditum ad Quirites. De Domo Sua. De Haruspicum Responsis. Pro Plancio Edited by N. Watts. We know more of Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BCE), lawyer, orator, politician and philosopher, than of any other Roman. Besides much else, his work conveys the turmoil of his time, and the part he played in a period that saw the rise and fall of Julius Caesar in a tottering republic.
		The Histories, Volume IV Polybius Paton, W. R. In his history, Polybius (c. 200–118 BCE) is centrally concerned with how and why Roman power spread. The main part of the work, a vital achievement despite the incomplete state in which all but the first five books of an original forty survive, describes the rise of Rome, its destruction of Carthage, and its eventual domination of the Greek world.
		The Histories V Polybius Paton, W. R. Polybius’s theme is how and why the Romans spread their power as they did. The main part of his history covers the years 264–146 BC, describing the rise of Rome, the destruction of Carthage, and the eventual domination of the Greek world. It is a vital achievement despite the incomplete survival of all but the first five of forty books.
		The Histories VI Polybius Paton, W. R. Olson, S. Douglas For this six-volume edition of The Histories, W. R. Paton’s 1922 translation has been thoroughly revised, the Büttner-Wobst Greek text corrected, and explanatory notes and a new introduction added. All but the first five of forty volumes survive in an incomplete state. Volume VI includes fragments unattributed to particular books of The Histories.
		LUCIANO Anacharsis or Athletics. Menippus or The Descent into Hades. On Funerals. A Professor of Public Speaking. Alexander the False Prophet. Essays in Portraiture. Essays in Portraiture Defended. The Goddesse of Surrye Harmon, A. M. Lucian (c. 120–190 CE), apprentice sculptor then traveling rhetorician, settled in Athens and developed an original brand of satire. Notable for the Attic purity and elegance of his Greek and for literary versatility, he is famous chiefly for the lively, cynical wit of the dialogues in which he satirizes human folly, superstition, and hypocrisy. **********
		PLAUTO The Merchant. The Braggart Soldier. The Ghost. The Persian Edited by W. de Melo The comedies of Plauto, who brilliantly adapted Greek plays for Roman audiences c. 205–184 BCE, are the earliest Latin works to survive complete and cornerstones of the European theatrical tradition from Shakespeare and Molière to modern times. Twenty-one of his plays are extant.
		**** PLATONE Statesman. Philebus. Ion Fowler, Harold North and Lamb, W. R. M. The great Athenian philosopher Plato was born in 427 BCE and lived to be eighty. Acknowledged masterpieces among his works are the Symposium, which explores love in its many aspects, from physical desire to pursuit of the beautiful and the good, and the Republic, which concerns righteousness and also treats education, gender, society, and slavery.
		Laches. Protagoras. Meno. Euthydemus Plato Lamb, W. R. M. The great Athenian philosopher Plato was born in 427 BCE and lived to be eighty. Acknowledged masterpieces among his works are the Symposium, which explores love in its many aspects, from physical desire to pursuit of the beautiful and the good, and the Republic, which concerns righteousness and also treats education, gender, society, and slavery.
		Lysis. Symposium. Gorgias Plato Lamb, W. R. M. The great Athenian philosopher Plato was born in 427 BCE and lived to be eighty. Acknowledged masterpieces among his works are the Symposium, which explores love in its many aspects, from physical desire to pursuit of the beautiful and the good, and the Republic, which concerns righteousness and also treats education, gender, society, and slavery.
		Cratylus. Parmenides. Greater Hippias. Lesser Hippias Plato Fowler, Harold North The great Athenian philosopher Plato was born in 427 BCE and lived to be eighty. Acknowledged masterpieces among his works are the Symposium, which explores love in its many aspects, from physical desire to pursuit of the beautiful and the good, and the Republic, which concerns righteousness and also treats education, gender, society, and slavery.
		Memorabilia. Oeconomicus. Symposium. Apology Xenophon Marchant, E. C. Todd, O. J. In Memorabilia and in Oeconomicus, a dialogue about household management, we see the philosopher Socrates through the eyes of his associate, Xenophon. In the Symposium, we obtain insight on life in Athens. Xenophon’s Apology is an interesting complement to Plato’s account of Socrates’s defense at his trial.
		History of the Peloponnesian War IV Thucydides Smith, C. F. The Peloponnesian War was really three conflicts (431–421, 415–413, and 413–404 BCE) that Thucydides was still unifying into one account when he died some time before 396 BCE. Although unfinished and as a whole unrevised, in brilliance of description and depth of insight this history has no superior.
		Iliad I Homer Murray, A. T. The Iliad and the Odyssey of Homer (eighth century BCE) are the two oldest European epic poems. The former tells of Achilles’s anger over an insult to his honour during the Trojan War, and of its consequences for the Achaeans, the Trojans, and Achilles himself.
		Iliad II Homer Murray, A. T. The Iliad and the Odyssey of Homer (eighth century BCE) are the two oldest European epic poems. The former tells of Achilles’s anger over an insult to his honour during the Trojan War, and of its consequences for the Achaeans, the Trojans, and Achilles himself. **** LIVIO
		History of Rome III Edited by B. Foster. The only extant work by Livy (64 or 59 BCE –12 or 17 CE) is part of his history of Rome from the foundation of the city to 9 BCE. Of its 142 books 1–10, 21–45 (except parts of 41 and 43–45), fragments, and short summaries remain. Livy’s history is a source for the De Prodigiis of Julius Obsequens (fourth century CE).
		History of the Wars IV Procopius Dewing, H. B. History of the Wars by the Byzantine historian Procopius (late fifth century to after 558 CE) consists largely of sixth century CE military history, with much information about peoples, places, and special events. Powerful description complements careful narration. Procopius is just to the empire’s enemies and boldly criticises emperor Justinian. ******************
		FRONTINO Stratagems. Aqueducts of Rome Edited by C. Bennett and M. McElwain. Frontinus’s Stratagems, written after 84 CE, gives examples of military stratagems and discipline from Greek and Roman history, for the instruction of Roman officers. The Aqueducts of Rome, written in 97–98, gives some historical details and a description of the aqueducts for the water supply of the city, with laws relating to them.
		Roman History VII Dio Cassius Cary, Earnest Foster, Herbert B. Dio Cassius (Cassius Dio), c. 150–235 CE, was born in Bithynia. Little of his Roman History survives, but missing portions are partly supplied from elsewhere and there are many excerpts. Dio’s work is a vital source for the last years of the Roman republic and the first four Roman emperors.
		Roman History VIII Dio Cassius Cary, Earnest and Foster, Herbert B. Dio Cassius (Cassius Dio), c. 150–235 CE, was born in Bithynia. Little of his Roman History survives, but missing portions are partly supplied from elsewhere and there are many excerpts. Dio’s work is a vital source for the last years of the Roman republic and the first four Roman emperors.
		Roman History, Volume IX Dio Cassius Cary, Earnest Foster, Herbert B. Dio Cassius (Cassius Dio), c. 150–235 CE, was born in Bithynia. Little of his Roman History survives, but missing portions are partly supplied from elsewhere and there are many excerpts. Dio’s work is a vital source for the last years of the Roman republic and the first four Roman emperors.
		Acharnians. Knights Aristophanes Henderson, Jeffrey Aristophanes (c. 450–c. 386 BCE) has been admired since antiquity for his wit, fantasy, language, and satire. In Acharnians a small landowner, tired of the Peloponnesian War, magically arranges a personal peace treaty; Knights is perhaps the most biting satire of a political figure (Cleon) ever written.
		Birds. Lysistrata. Women at the Thesmophoria Aristophanes Henderson, Jeffrey Aristophanes (c. 450–c. 386 BCE) has been admired since antiquity for his wit, fantasy, language, and satire. The protagonists of Birds create a utopian counter-Athens. In Lysistrata wives go on conjugal strike until their husbands end war. Women in Women at the Thesmophoria punish Euripides for portraying them as wicked.
		Frogs. Assemblywomen. Wealth Aristophanes Henderson, Jeffrey Aristophanes (c. 450–c. 386 BCE) has been admired since antiquity for his wit, fantasy, language, and satire. Traditional Aeschylus and modern Euripides compete in Frogs. In Assemblywomen, Athenian women plot against male misgovernance. The humor and morality of Wealth made it the most popular of Aristophanes’ plays until the Renaissance. ************** LUCREZIO
		On the Nature of Things Edited by W. Rouse. Lucrezio lived ca. 99–ca. 55 BCE, but the details of his career are unknown. In his didactic poem De Rerum Natura (On the Nature of Things) he expounds Epicurean philosophy so as to dispel fear of the gods and death, and promote spiritual tranquility.
		Geography, Volume III Strabo Jones, Horace Leonard In his seventeen-book Geography, Strabo (c. 64 BCE–c. 25 CE) discusses geographical method, stresses the value of geography, and draws attention to the physical, political, and historical details of separate countries. Geography is a vital source for ancient geography and informative about ancient geographers.
		Hiero. Agesilaus. Constitution of the Lacedaemonians. Ways and Means. Cavalry Commander. Art of Horsemanship. On Hunting. Constitution of the Athenians Xenophon Marchant, E. C. Bowersock, G. W. Minor works by Xenophon (c. 430–c. 354 BCE) include Hiero, a dialogue on government; Agesilaus, in praise of that king; Constitution of Lacedaemon, on the Spartan system; Ways and Means, on the finances of Athens; and a manual of Horsemanship. The Constitution of the Athenians, though not by Xenophon, is an interesting document on Athenian politics.
		Lives of Eminent Philosophers, Volume I Diogenes Laertius Hicks, R. D. Diogenes Laertius (probably early third century BCE) compiled his compendium on the lives and doctrines of the ancient philosophers from hundreds of sources. It ranges over three centuries, from Thales to Epicurus, portraying 45 important figures, and is enriched by numerous quotations.
		Lives of Eminent Philosophers, Volume II Diogenes Laertius Hicks, R. D. Diogenes Laertius (probably early third century BCE) compiled his compendium on the lives and doctrines of the ancient philosophers from hundreds of sources. It ranges over three centuries, from Thales to Epicurus, portraying 45 important figures, and is enriched by numerous quotations.
		The Life. Against Apion Josephus Thackeray, H. St. J. The major works of Josephus (c. 37–after 97 CE) are History of the Jewish War, from 170 BCE to his own time, and Jewish Antiquities, from creation to 66 CE. Also by him are an autobiographical Life and a treatise Against Apion.
		Laws, Volume I Plato Bury, R. G. The great Athenian philosopher Plato was born in 427 BCE and lived to be eighty. Acknowledged masterpieces among his works are the Symposium, which explores love in its many aspects, from physical desire to pursuit of the beautiful and the good, and the Republic, which concerns righteousness and also treats education, gender, society, and slavery.
		Description of Greece, Volume II Pausanias Jones, W. H. S. Ormerod, H. A. Pausanias (fl. 150 CE), one of the Roman world’s great travelers, sketches in Description of Greece the history, geography, landmarks, legends, and religious cults of all the important Greek cities. He shares his enthusiasm for great sites, describing them with care and an accuracy confirmed by comparison with monuments that still stand today.
		Philippics 1-6 Cicero Shackleton Bailey, D. R. We know more of Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BCE), lawyer, orator, politician and philosopher, than of any other Roman. Besides much else, his work conveys the turmoil of his time, and the part he played in a period that saw the rise and fall of Julius Caesar in a tottering republic.
		Letters, Volume I Basil Deferrari, Roy J. Basil the Great was born into a family noted for piety. About 360 he founded a convent in Pontus and in 370 succeeded Eusebius in the archbishopric of Caesarea. His reform of monastic life in the east is the basis of modern Greek and Slavonic monasteries.
		History of Rome, Volume IV Livy Foster, B. O. The only extant work by Livy (64 or 59 BCE –12 or 17 CE) is part of his history of Rome from the foundation of the city to 9 BCE. Of its 142 books 1–10, 21–45 (except parts of 41 and 43–45), fragments, and short summaries remain. Livy’s history is a source for the De Prodigiis of Julius Obsequens (fourth century CE).
		Laws, Volume II: Books 7-12 Plato Bury, R. G. The great Athenian philosopher Plato was born in 427 BCE and lived to be eighty. Acknowledged masterpieces among his works are the Symposium, which explores love in its many aspects, from physical desire to pursuit of the beautiful and the good, and the Republic, which concerns righteousness and also treats education, gender, society, and slavery.
		Art of Rhetoric Aristotle Freese, J. H. Nearly all the works Aristotle (384–322 BCE) prepared for publication are lost; the priceless ones extant are lecture materials, notes, and memoranda (some are spurious). They can be categorized as: practical; logical; physical; metaphysical; on art; other; or fragments.
		Satires. Epistles. The Art of Poetry Horace Fairclough, H. Rushton The poetry of Horace (born 65 BCE) is richly varied, its focus moving between public and private concerns, urban and rural settings, Stoic and Epicurean thought. In the Satires Horace mocks himself as well as the world. His verse epistles include the Art of Poetry, in which he famously expounds his literary theory.
		Attic Nights, Volume I Gellius Rolfe, J. C. Aulus Gellius (ca. 123–170 CE) offers in Attic Nights (Gellius began to write these pieces during stays in Athens) a collection of short chapters about notable events, words and questions of literary style, lives of historical figures, legal points, and philosophical issues that served as instructive light reading for cultivated Romans.
		Geography, Volume IV Strabo Jones, Horace Leonard In his seventeen-book Geography, Strabo (c. 64 BCE–c. 25 CE) discusses geographical method, stresses the value of geography, and draws attention to the physical, political, and historical details of separate countries. Geography is a vital source for ancient geography and informative about ancient geographers.
		Moralia, Volume I Babbitt, Frank Cole Plutarch (c. 45–120 CE) wrote on many subjects. His extant works other than the Parallel Lives are varied, about sixty in number, and known as the Moralia (Moral Essays). They reflect his philosophy about living a good life, and provide a treasury of information concerning Greco-Roman society, traditions, ideals, ethics, and religion.
		Pro Lege Manilia. Pro Caecina. Pro Cluentio. Pro Rabirio Perduellionis Reo Cicero Hodge, H. Grose We know more of Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BCE), lawyer, orator, politician and philosopher, than of any other Roman. Besides much else, his work conveys the turmoil of his time, and the part he played in a period that saw the rise and fall of Julius Caesar in a tottering republic.
		Poetics. Longinus: On the Sublime. Demetrius: On Style Aristotle Halliwell, Stephen Longinus Fyfe, W. Hamilton Demetrius Innes, Doreen C. Rhys Roberts, W. In Poetics, Aristotle (384–322 BCE) treats Greek tragedy and epic. The subject of On the Sublime, attributed to an (unidentifiable) Longinus and probably composed in the first century CE, is greatness in writing. On Style, attributed to an (unidentifiable) Demetrius and perhaps composed in the second century BCE, analyzes four literary styles. *****
		GELLIO Attic Nights II Edited by J. Rolfe. Aulus Gellius (ca. 123–170 CE) offers in Attic Nights (Gellius began to write these pieces during stays in Athens) a collection of short chapters about notable events, words and questions of literary style, lives of historical figures, legal points, and philosophical issues that served as instructive light reading for cultivated Romans.
		Charmides. Alcibiades I and II. Hipparchus. The Lovers. Theages. Minos. Epinomis Plato Lamb, W. R. M. The great Athenian philosopher Plato was born in 427 BCE and lived to be eighty. Acknowledged masterpieces among his works are the Symposium, which explores love in its many aspects, from physical desire to pursuit of the beautiful and the good, and the Republic, which concerns righteousness and also treats education, gender, society, and slavery.
		Isaeus Isaeus Forster, E. S. Isaeus (c. 420–350 BCE) composed speeches for others. He shares with Lysias pure Attic and lucidity of style, but his more aggressive and flexible presentation undoubtedly influenced Demosthenes. Of at least fifty attributed orations, there survive eleven on legacy cases and a large fragment dealing with a claim of citizenship.
		The Jewish War, Volume I Josephus Thackeray, H. St. J. The major works of Josephus (c. 37–after 97 CE) are History of the Jewish War, from 170 BCE to his own time, and Jewish Antiquities, from creation to 66 CE. Also by him are an autobiographical Life and a treatise Against Apion.
		The Learned Banqueters, Volume I Athenaeus Olson, S. Douglas In The Learned Banqueters (late-2nd century CE), Athenaeus describes a series of dinner parties at which the guests quote extensively from Greek literature. The work provides quotations from works now lost, and preserves information about wide range of information about Greek culture.
		Letters to Friends, Volume I Cicero Shackleton Bailey, D. R. Cicero’s letters to friends span the period from 62 BCE, when his political career was at its peak, to 43 BCE, when he was put to death by the victorious Triumvirs.
		Silvae Statius Shackleton Bailey, D. R. Greek literary education and Roman political reality are evident in the poetry of Statius (c. 50–96 CE). His Silvae are thirty-two occasional poems. His masterpiece, the epic Thebaid, recounts the struggle for kingship between the two sons of Oedipus. The extant portion of his Achilleid begins an account of Achilles’s life.
		Thebaid, Volume I Statius Shackleton Bailey, D. R. Greek literary education and Roman political reality are evident in the poetry of Statius (c. 50–96 CE). His Silvae are thirty-two occasional poems. His masterpiece, the epic Thebaid, recounts the struggle for kingship between the two sons of Oedipus. The extant portion of his Achilleid begins an account of Achilles’s life.
		The Learned Banqueters, Volume II Athenaeus Olson, S. Douglas In The Learned Banqueters (late-2nd century CE), Athenaeus describes a series of dinner parties at which the guests quote extensively from Greek literature. The work provides quotations from works now lost, and preserves information about wide range of information about Greek culture.
		To Demonicus. To Nicocles. Nicocles or the Cyprians. Panegyricus. To Philip. Archidamus Isocrates Norlin, George The importance of Isocrates (436–338 BCE) for the study of Greek civilization of the fourth century BCE is indisputable. Twenty-one discourses by Isocrates survive; these include political essays, treatises on education and on ethics, and speeches for legal cases. Nine letters, more on public than private matters, are also extant.
		The Jewish War, Volume III Josephus Thackeray, H. St. J. The major works of Josephus (c. 37–after 97 CE) are History of the Jewish War, from 170 BCE to his own time, and Jewish Antiquities, from creation to 66 CE. Also by him are an autobiographical Life and a treatise Against Apion.
		Geography, Volume V Strabo Jones, Horace Leonard In his seventeen-book Geography, Strabo (c. 64 BCE–c. 25 CE) discusses geographical method, stresses the value of geography, and draws attention to the physical, political, and historical details of separate countries. Geography is a vital source for ancient geography and informative about ancient geographers.
		Attic Nights, Volume III Gellius Rolfe, J. C. Aulus Gellius (ca. 123–170 CE) offers in Attic Nights (Gellius began to write these pieces during stays in Athens) a collection of short chapters about notable events, words and questions of literary style, lives of historical figures, legal points, and philosophical issues that served as instructive light reading for cultivated Romans.
		On the Republic. On the Laws Cicero Keyes, Clinton W. We know more of Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BCE), lawyer, orator, politician and philosopher, than of any other Roman. Besides much else, his work conveys the turmoil of his time, and the part he played in a period that saw the rise and fall of Julius Caesar in a tottering republic.
		Moral Essays, Volume I Seneca Basore, John W. In Moral Essays, Seneca (c. 4–65 CE) expresses his Stoic philosophy on providence, steadfastness, anger, forgiveness, consolation, the happy life, leisure, tranquility, the brevity of life, and gift-giving.
		Letters, Volume II Basil Deferrari, Roy J. Basil the Great was born into a family noted for piety. About 360 he founded a convent in Pontus and in 370 succeeded Eusebius in the archbishopric of Caesarea. His reform of monastic life in the east is the basis of modern Greek and Slavonic monasteries.
		Letters to Friends, Volume II Cicero Shackleton Bailey, D. R. Cicero’s letters to friends span the period from 62 BCE, when his political career was at its peak, to 43 BCE, when he was put to death by the victorious Triumvirs.
		History of the Wars, Volume V Procopius Dewing, H. B. History of the Wars by the Byzantine historian Procopius (late fifth century to after 558 CE) consists largely of sixth century CE military history, with much information about peoples, places, and special events. Powerful description complements careful narration. Procopius is just to the empire’s enemies and boldly criticises emperor Justinian.
		Discourses, Books 3-4. Fragments. The Encheiridion Epictetus Oldfather, W. A. Unlike his predecessors, Epictetus (c. 50–120 CE), who grew up as a slave, taught Stoicism not for the select few but for the many. A student, the historian Arrian, recorded Epictetus’s lectures and, in the Encheiridion, a handbook, summarized his thought.
		Oppian, Colluthus, and Tryphiodorus Oppian Colluthus Tryphiodorus Mair, A. W. In Fishing, Oppian of Cilicia, who flourished in the latter half of the second century CE, discusses fish and gives angling instructions. The Chase, on hunting, may be the work of a Syrian imitator. Colluthus and Tryphiodorus (properly “Triphiodorus”), epic poets of Egypt, wrote in the second half of the fifth century CE.
		The Civil War (Pharsalia) Lucan Duff, J. D. In his epic The Civil War, Lucan (39–65 CE) carries us from Caesar’s fateful crossing of the Rubicon, through the Battle of Pharsalus, Pompey’s death, and Cato’s leadership in Africa, to Caesar victorious in Egypt. The poem is also called Pharsalia.
		The Verrine Orations, Volume I Cicero Greenwood, L. H. G. We know more of Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BCE), lawyer, orator, politician and philosopher, than of any other Roman. Besides much else, his work conveys the turmoil of his time, and the part he played in a period that saw the rise and fall of Julius Caesar in a tottering republic.
		Moralia, Volume II Plutarch Babbitt, Frank Cole Plutarch (c. 45–120 CE) wrote on many subjects. His extant works other than the Parallel Lives are varied, about sixty in number, and known as the Moralia (Moral Essays). They reflect his philosophy about living a good life, and provide a treasury of information concerning Greco-Roman society, traditions, ideals, ethics, and religion.
		Geography, Volume VI Strabo Jones, Horace Leonard In his seventeen-book Geography, Strabo (c. 64 BCE–c. 25 CE) discusses geographical method, stresses the value of geography, and draws attention to the physical, political, and historical details of separate countries. Geography is a vital source for ancient geography and informative about ancient geographers.
		The Learned Banqueters, Volume III Athenaeus Olson, S. Douglas In The Learned Banqueters (late-2nd century CE), Athenaeus describes a series of dinner parties at which the guests quote extensively from Greek literature. The work provides quotations from works now lost, and preserves information about wide range of information about Greek culture.
		Characters. Herodas: Mimes. Sophron and Other Mime Fragments Theophrastus Herodas Sophron Rusten, Jeffrey Cunningham, I. C. Fictionalized faults are the focus of Characters by Theophrastus (c. 370–c. 285 BCE). The Hellenistic poet Herodas wrote mimes in which everyday life is portrayed and character—as opposed to plot—depicted. Mimes by Sophron (fifth century BCE) and anonymous mime fragments also represent that genre.
		On the Creation. Allegorical Interpretation of Genesis 2 and 3 Philo Colson, F. H. Whitaker, G. H. The philosopher Philo, born about 20 BCE to a prominent Jewish family in Alexandria, was trained in Greek as well as Jewish learning. In attempting to reconcile biblical teachings with Greek philosophy he developed ideas that had wide influence on Christian and Jewish religious thought.
		On the Cherubim. The Sacrifices of Abel and Cain. The Worse Attacks the Better. On the Posterity and Exile of Cain. On the Giants Philo Colson, F. H. Whitaker, G. H. The philosopher Philo, born about 20 BCE to a prominent Jewish family in Alexandria, was trained in Greek as well as Jewish learning. In attempting to reconcile biblical teachings with Greek philosophy he developed ideas that had wide influence on Christian and Jewish religious thought.
		Physics, Volume I: Books 1-4 Aristotle Wicksteed, P. H. Cornford, F. M. Nearly all the works Aristotle (384–322 BCE) prepared for publication are lost; the priceless ones extant are lecture materials, notes, and memoranda (some are spurious). They can be categorized as: practical; logical; physical; metaphysical; on art; other; or fragments.
		On the Peace. Areopagiticus. Against the Sophists. Antidosis. Panathenaicus Isocrates Norlin, George The importance of Isocrates (436–338 BCE) for the study of Greek civilization of the fourth century BCE is indisputable. Twenty-one discourses by Isocrates survive; these include political essays, treatises on education and on ethics, and speeches for legal cases. Nine letters, more on public than private matters, are also extant.
		Letters to Friends, Volume III: Letters 281-435 Cicero Shackleton Bailey, D. R. Cicero’s letters to friends span the period from 62 BCE, when his political career was at its peak, to 43 BCE, when he was put to death by the victorious Triumvirs.
		Epitome of Roman History Florus Forster, E. S. Florus (second century CE) wrote, in brief pointed rhetorical style, a two-book summary of Roman history (especially military) in order to show the greatness and decline of Roman morals. Based chiefly on Livy and perhaps planned to reach Florus’s own times, the extant work ends with Augustus’s reign (30 BCE–14 CE).
		Art of Love. Cosmetics. Remedies for Love. Ibis. Walnut-tree. Sea Fishing. Consolation Ovid Mozley, J. H. In the didactic poetry of Medicamina Faciei Femineae (Face Cosmetics), Ars Amatoria (Art of Love), and Remedia Amoris (Remedies for Love), Ovid (43 BCE–17 CE) demonstrates abstrusity and wit. His Ibis is an elegiac curse-poem. Nux (Walnut-tree), Halieutica (Sea-Fishing), and Consolatio ad Liviam (Poem of Consolation) are poems now judged not to be by Ovid.
		History of Rome, Volume V Livy Foster, B. O. The only extant work by Livy (64 or 59 BCE –12 or 17 CE) is part of his history of Rome from the foundation of the city to 9 BCE. Of its 142 books 1–10, 21–45 (except parts of 41 and 43–45), fragments, and short summaries remain. Livy’s history is a source for the De Prodigiis of Julius Obsequens (fourth century CE).
		Timaeus. Critias. Cleitophon. Menexenus. Epistles Plato Bury, R. G. The great Athenian philosopher Plato was born in 427 BCE and lived to be eighty. Acknowledged masterpieces among his works are the Symposium, which explores love in its many aspects, from physical desire to pursuit of the beautiful and the good, and the Republic, which concerns righteousness and also treats education, gender, society, and slavery.
		The Learned Banqueters, Volume IV Athenaeus Olson, S. Douglas In The Learned Banqueters (late-2nd century CE), Athenaeus describes a series of dinner parties at which the guests quote extensively from Greek literature. The work provides quotations from works now lost, and preserves information about wide range of information about Greek culture.
		Anabasis of Alexander, Volume I Arrian Brunt, P. A. The Anabasis of Alexander by Arrian (ca. 95–175 BCE) is the best extant account of Alexander the Great’s adult life. A description of India, and of Nearchus’ voyage thence, was to be a supplement.
		Republic, Volume I Plato Emlyn-Jones, Christopher Preddy, William The great Athenian philosopher Plato was born in 427 BCE and lived to be eighty. Acknowledged masterpieces among his works are the Symposium, which explores love in its many aspects, from physical desire to pursuit of the beautiful and the good, and the Republic, which concerns righteousness and also treats education, gender, society, and slavery.
		Orations, Volume I Demosthenes Vince, J. H. Demosthenes (384–322 BCE), orator at Athens, was a pleader in law courts who later became also a champion of Athenian greatness and Greek resistance to Philip of Macedon. His steadfastness, pungent argument, and severe control of language gained him early reputation as the best of Greek orators, and his works provide vivid pictures of contemporary life.
		Select Letters Augustine Baxter, James Houston The Letters of Augustine (354–430 CE) are important for the study of ecclesiastical history and Augustine’s relations with other theologians.
		Pro Quinctio. Pro Roscio Amerino. Pro Roscio Comoedo. On the Agrarian Law Cicero Freese, J. H. We know more of Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BCE), lawyer, orator, politician and philosopher, than of any other Roman. Besides much else, his work conveys the turmoil of his time, and the part he played in a period that saw the rise and fall of Julius Caesar in a tottering republic.
		Geography, Volume VII Strabo Jones, Horace Leonard In his seventeen-book Geography, Strabo (c. 64 BCE–c. 25 CE) discusses geographical method, stresses the value of geography, and draws attention to the physical, political, and historical details of separate countries. Geography is a vital source for ancient geography and informative about ancient geographers.
		Jewish Antiquities, Volume I Josephus Thackeray, H. St. J. The major works of Josephus (c. 37–after 97 CE) are History of the Jewish War, from 170 BCE to his own time, and Jewish Antiquities, from creation to 66 CE. Also by him are an autobiographical Life and a treatise Against Apion.
		Letters, Volume III Basil Deferrari, Roy J. Basil the Great was born into a family noted for piety. About 360 he founded a convent in Pontus and in 370 succeeded Eusebius in the archbishopric of Caesarea. His reform of monastic life in the east is the basis of modern Greek and Slavonic monasteries.
		Lysias Lysias Lamb, W. R. M. Lysias (c. 458–c. 380 BCE) took the side of democracy against the Thirty Tyrants in 404 BCE. Of a much larger number about thirty complete speeches by him survive. Fluent, simple, and graceful in style yet vivid in description, they suggest a passionate partisan who was also a gentle, humorous man.
		Moralia, Volume III Plutarch Babbitt, Frank Cole Plutarch (c. 45–120 CE) wrote on many subjects. His extant works other than the Parallel Lives are varied, about sixty in number, and known as the Moralia (Moral Essays). They reflect his philosophy about living a good life, and provide a treasury of information concerning Greco-Roman society, traditions, ideals, ethics, and religion.
		Ecclesiastical History, Volume I Bede King, J. E. Historical works by Bede (672 or 673–735 CE) include his Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation, Lives of the Abbots of Bede’s monastery, accounts of Cuthbert, and the Letter to Egbert, Bede’s pupil.
		On the Unchangeableness of God. On Husbandry. Concerning Noah's Work As a Planter. On Drunkenness. On Sobriety Philo Colson, F. H. Whitaker, G. H. The philosopher Philo, born about 20 BCE to a prominent Jewish family in Alexandria, was trained in Greek as well as Jewish learning. In attempting to reconcile biblical teachings with Greek philosophy he developed ideas that had wide influence on Christian and Jewish religious thought.
		Ecclesiastical History, Volume II Bede King, J. E. Historical works by Bede (672 or 673–735 CE) include his Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation, Lives of the Abbots of Bede’s monastery, accounts of Cuthbert, and the Letter to Egbert, Bede’s pupil.
		Histories: Books 4-5. Tacitus Moore, Clifford H. Jackson, John Tacitus (c. 55–c. 120 CE), renowned for concision and psychology, is paramount as a historian of the early Roman empire. What survives of Histories covers the dramatic years 69–70. What survives of Annals tells an often terrible tale of 14–28, 31–37, and, partially, 47–66.
		Apology. De Spectaculis. Minucius Felix: Octavius Tertullian Minucius Felix Glover, T. R. Rendall, Gerald H. Tertullian (c. 150–222 CE) founded a Christian Latin language and literature, strove to unite the demands of the Bible with Church practice, defended Christianity, attacked heresy, and pondered morality. Octavius by Minucius, an early Christian writer of unknown date, is a debate between belief and unbelief that depicts Roman religion and society.
		On Architecture, Volume I Vitruvius Granger, Frank On Architecture, completed by Vitruvius sometime before 27 CE and the only work of its kind to survive antiquity, serves not professionals but readers who want to understand architecture. Topics include town planning, building materials, temples, the architectural orders, houses, pavements, mosaics, water supply, measurements, and machines.
		Pro Milone. In Pisonem. Pro Scauro. Pro Fonteio. Pro Rabirio Postumo. Pro Marcello. Pro Ligario. Pro Rege Deiotaro Cicero Watts, N. H. We know more of Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BCE), lawyer, orator, politician and philosopher, than of any other Roman. Besides much else, his work conveys the turmoil of his time, and the part he played in a period that saw the rise and fall of Julius Caesar in a tottering republic.
		Fasti Ovid Frazer, James G. In Fasti, Ovid (43 BCE–17 CE) sets forth explanations of the festivals and sacred rites that were noted on the Roman calendar, and relates in graphic detail the legends attached to specific dates. The poem is an invaluable source of information about religious practices.
		Moral Essays, Volume II: De Consolatione ad Marciam. De Vita Beata. De Otio. De Tranquillitate Animi. De Brevitate Vitae. De Consolatione ad Polybium. De Consolatione ad Helviam Seneca Basore, John W. In Moral Essays, Seneca (c. 4–65 CE) expresses his Stoic philosophy on providence, steadfastness, anger, forgiveness, consolation, the happy life, leisure, tranquility, the brevity of life, and gift-giving.
		Physics, Volume II Aristotle Wicksteed, P. H. Cornford, F. M. Nearly all the works Aristotle (384–322 BCE) prepared for publication are lost; the priceless ones extant are lecture materials, notes, and memoranda (some are spurious). They can be categorized as: practical; logical; physical; metaphysical; on art; other; or fragments.
		Philostratus the Elder, Imagines. Philostratus the Younger, Imagines. Callistratus, Descriptions Philostratus the Elder Philostratus the Younger Callistratus Fairbanks, Arthur Sixty-five descriptions, ostensibly of paintings in a gallery at Naples, are credited to an Elder Philostratus (born c. 190 CE); to a Younger Philostratus, apparently his grandson, seventeen similar descriptions. Fourteen descriptions of statues in stone or bronze attributed to Callistratus were probably written in the fourth century CE.
		Discourses 1-11 Dio Chrysostom Cohoon, J. W. Dio Chrysostomus (c. 40–c. 120 CE) was a rhetorician hostile to philosophers, whose Discourses (or Orations) reflect political or moral concerns. What survives of his works make him prominent in the revival of Greek literature in the late first and early second century CE.
		Greek Elegiac Poetry: From the Seventh to the Fifth Centuries BC Gerber, Douglas E. Tyrtaeus Solon Theognis Mimnermus The Greek poetry of the seventh to the fifth century BCE that we call elegy was composed primarily for banquets and convivial gatherings. Its subject matter consists of almost any topic, excluding only the scurrilous and obscene. Most substantial in this volume is the collection of elegiac verses to which Theognis’s name is attached (the Theognidea).
		Greek Iambic Poetry: From the Seventh to the Fifth Centuries BC Gerber, Douglas E. Archilochus Semonides Hipponax The poetry of the seventh to the fifth centuries BCE that the Greeks called iambic seems connected with cult songs used in religious festivals, but its purpose is unclear.
		The Little Carthaginian. Pseudolus. The Rope Plautus de Melo, Wolfgang The comedies of Plautus, who brilliantly adapted Greek plays for Roman audiences c. 205–184 BCE, are the earliest Latin works to survive complete and cornerstones of the European theatrical tradition from Shakespeare and Molière to modern times. Twenty-one of his plays are extant.
		On the Confusion of Tongues. On the Migration of Abraham. Who Is the Heir of Divine Things? On Mating with the Preliminary Studies Philo Colson, F. H. Whitaker, G. H. The philosopher Philo, born about 20 BCE to a prominent Jewish family in Alexandria, was trained in Greek as well as Jewish learning. In attempting to reconcile biblical teachings with Greek philosophy he developed ideas that had wide influence on Christian and Jewish religious thought.
		Select Letters Jerome Wright, F. A. The letters of Saint Jerome (c. 345–420 CE) are an essential source for our knowledge of Christian life in the fourth and fifth centuries CE; they also provide insight into one of the most striking and complex personalities of the time.
		Historia Augusta, Volume III: The Two Valerians. The Two Gallieni. The Thirty Pretenders. The Deified Claudius. The Deified Aurelian. Tacitus. Probus. Firmus, Saturninus, Proculus and Bonosus. Carus, Carinus and Numerian Magie, David The Historia Augusta (or Scriptores Historiae Augustae) is a series of biographies of Roman emperors, heirs, and claimants from Hadrian to Numerianus (117–284 CE) modeled on Suetonius’s Lives of the Caesars (second century CE). Of uncertain reliability and authorship, it is now attributed by many authorities to one late fourth century CE author.
		Politics Aristotle Rackham, H. Nearly all the works Aristotle (384–322 BCE) prepared for publication are lost; the priceless ones extant are lecture materials, notes, and memoranda (some are spurious). They can be categorized as: practical; logical; physical; metaphysical; on art; other; or fragments.
		Ecclesiastical History, Volume II Eusebius Oulton, J. E. L. Eusebius, Bishop of Caesarea from about 315 CE, was the most important writer in the age of Constantine. His history of the Christian church from the ministry of Jesus to 324 CE is a treasury of information, especially on the Eastern centers.
		Select Papyri, Volume I Hunt, A. S. Edgar, C. C. This is the first of two volumes giving a selection of Greek papyri relating to private and public business. They cover a period from before 300 BCE to the eighth century CE. Most were found in rubbish heaps or remains of ancient houses or in tombs in Egypt. From such papyri we get much information about administration and social and economic conditions in Egypt, and about native Egyptian, Greek, Roman and Byzantine law, as well as glimpses of ordinary life. This volume contains: Agreements (71 examples); these concern marriage, divorce, adoption, apprenticeship, sales, leases, employment of labourers. Receipts (10). Wills (6). Deed of disownment. Personal letters from men and women, young and old (82). Memoranda (2). Invitations (5). Orders for payment (2). Agenda (2). Accounts and inventories (12). Questions of oracles (3). Christian prayers (2). A Gnostic charm. Horoscopes (2).
		Geography, Volume VIII Strabo Jones, Horace Leonard In his seventeen-book Geography, Strabo (c. 64 BCE–c. 25 CE) discusses geographical method, stresses the value of geography, and draws attention to the physical, political, and historical details of separate countries. Geography is a vital source for ancient geography and informative about ancient geographers.
		On the Nature of the Gods. Academics Cicero Rackham, H. We know more of Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BCE), lawyer, orator, politician and philosopher, than of any other Roman. Besides much else, his work conveys the turmoil of his time, and the part he played in a period that saw the rise and fall of Julius Caesar in a tottering republic.
		Anabasis of Alexander, Volume II Arrian Brunt, P. A. The Anabasis of Alexander by Arrian (ca. 95–175 BCE) is the best extant account of Alexander the Great’s adult life. A description of India, and of Nearchus’s voyage thence, was to be a supplement.
		Letters, Volume IV Basil Deferrari, Roy J. McGuire, M. R. P. Basil the Great was born into a family noted for piety. About 360 he founded a convent in Pontus and in 370 succeeded Eusebius in the archbishopric of Caesarea. His reform of monastic life in the east is the basis of modern Greek and Slavonic monasteries.
		Metaphysics, Volume I Aristotle Tredennick, Hugh Nearly all the works Aristotle (384–322 BCE) prepared for publication are lost; the priceless ones extant are lecture materials, notes, and memoranda (some are spurious). They can be categorized as: practical; logical; physical; metaphysical; on art; other; or fragments.
		Description of Greece, Volume III Pausanias Jones, W. H. S. Pausanias (fl. 150 CE), one of the Roman world’s great travelers, sketches in Description of Greece the history, geography, landmarks, legends, and religious cults of all the important Greek cities. He shares his enthusiasm for great sites, describing them with care and an accuracy confirmed by comparison with monuments that still stand today.
		Outlines of Pyrrhonism Sextus Empiricus Bury, R. G. The three surviving works by Sextus Empiricus (c. 160–210 CE) are Outlines of Pyrrhonism, Against Dogmatists, and Against Professors. Their value as a source for the history of thought is especially that they represent development and formulation of former skeptic doctrines.
		The Learned Banqueters, Volume V Athenaeus Olson, S. Douglas In The Learned Banqueters (late-2nd century CE), Athenaeus describes a series of dinner parties at which the guests quote extensively from Greek literature. The work provides quotations from works now lost, and preserves information about wide range of information about Greek culture.
		On Flight and Finding. On the Change of Names. On Dreams Philo Colson, F. H. Whitaker, G. H. The philosopher Philo, born about 20 BCE to a prominent Jewish family in Alexandria, was trained in Greek as well as Jewish learning. In attempting to reconcile biblical teachings with Greek philosophy he developed ideas that had wide influence on Christian and Jewish religious thought.
		Republic, Volume II Plato Emlyn-Jones, Christopher Preddy, William The great Athenian philosopher Plato was born in 427 BCE and lived to be eighty. Acknowledged masterpieces among his works are the Symposium, which explores love in its many aspects, from physical desire to pursuit of the beautiful and the good, and the Republic, which concerns righteousness and also treats education, gender, society, and slavery.
		Punica, Volume I Silius Italicus Duff, J. D. Silius Italicus (25–101 CE) composed an epic Punica in 17 books on the Second Punic War (218–202 BCE). Silius’s poem relies largely on Livy’s prose for facts. It also echoes poets, especially Virgil, and employs techniques traditional in Latin epic.
		Punica, Volume II Silius Italicus Duff, J. D. Silius Italicus (25–101 CE) composed an epic Punica in 17 books on the Second Punic War (218–202 BCE). Silius’s poem relies largely on Livy’s prose for facts. It also echoes poets, especially Virgil, and employs techniques traditional in Latin epic.
		Library of History, Volume I Diodorus Siculus Oldfather, C. H. Diodorus’s Library of History, written in the first century BCE, is the most extensively preserved history by an ancient Greek author. The work is in three parts: mythical history to the Trojan War; history to Alexander’s death (323 BCE); and history to 54 BCE. Books 1–5 and 11–20 survive complete, the rest in fragments.
		On Architecture, Volume II Vitruvius Granger, Frank On Architecture, completed by Vitruvius sometime before 27 CE and the only work of its kind to survive antiquity, serves not professionals but readers who want to understand architecture. Topics include town planning, building materials, temples, the architectural orders, houses, pavements, mosaics, water supply, measurements, and machines.
		Jewish Antiquities, Volume III Josephus Marcus, Ralph The major works of Josephus (c. 37–after 97 CE) are History of the Jewish War, from 170 BCE to his own time, and Jewish Antiquities, from creation to 66 CE. Also by him are an autobiographical Life and a treatise Against Apion.
		Select Papyri, Volume II Hunt, A. S. Edgar, C. C. Greek papyri relating to private and public business in Egypt from before 300 BCE to the eighth century CE inform us about administration; social and economic conditions in Egypt; Egyptian, Greek, Roman, and Byzantine law. They also offer glimpses of ordinary life.
		On Agriculture Cato Varro Hooper, W. D. Ash, Harrison Boyd Cato’s second century BCE De Agricultura is our earliest complete Latin prose text, recommends farming for its security and profitability, and advises on management of labor and resources. Varro’s Res rustica (37 BCE) is not a practical treatise but instruction, in dialogue form, about agricultural life meant for prosperous country gentlemen.
		Minor Latin Poets, Volume I Duff, J. Wight Duff, Arnold M. Aetna Calpurnius Siculus Publilius Syrus Laus Pisonis Grattius Works such as those of the mime-writer Publilius Syrus, who flourished c. 45 BCE, and Rutilius Namatianus, who gave a graphic account of his voyage from Rome to Gaul in 416 CE, represent the wide variety of theme that lends interest to Latin poetry produced during a period of four and a half centuries.
		Athenian Constitution. Eudemian Ethics. Virtues and Vices Aristotle Rackham, H. Nearly all the works Aristotle (384–322 BCE) prepared for publication are lost; the priceless ones extant are lecture materials, notes, and memoranda (some are spurious). They can be categorized as: practical; logical; physical; metaphysical; on art; other; or fragments.
		Argonautica Valerius Flaccus Mozley, J. H. Gaius Valerius Flaccus flourished c. 70–90 BCE and composed an incomplete epic Argonautica in eight books, on the quest for the Golden Fleece. Valerius effectively rehandles the story already told by Apollonius Rhodius, recalls Virgilian language and thought, displays learning, and alludes to contemporary Rome.
		Metaphysics, Volume II Aristotle Tredennick, Hugh Armstrong, G. Cyril Nearly all the works Aristotle (384–322 BCE) prepared for publication are lost; the priceless ones extant are lecture materials, notes, and memoranda (some are spurious). They can be categorized as: practical; logical; physical; metaphysical; on art; other; or fragments.
		On the Soul. Parva Naturalia. On Breath Aristotle Hett, W. S. Nearly all the works Aristotle (384–322 BCE) prepared for publication are lost; the priceless ones extant are lecture materials, notes, and memoranda (some are spurious). They can be categorized as: practical; logical; physical; metaphysical; on art; other; or fragments.
		On Abraham. On Joseph. On Moses Philo Colson, F. H. The philosopher Philo, born about 20 BCE to a prominent Jewish family in Alexandria, was trained in Greek as well as Jewish learning. In attempting to reconcile biblical teachings with Greek philosophy he developed ideas that had wide influence on Christian and Jewish religious thought.
		The Anecdota or Secret History Procopius Dewing, H. B. In Secret History, the Byzantine historian Procopius (late fifth century to after 558 CE) attacks the sixth century CE emperor Justinian and empress Theodora and alleges their ruinous effect on the Roman empire. Procopius’s pen is particularly sharp in portraying Theodora’s lewdness, duplicity, cruelty, spite, vanity and pride.
		Against Logicians Sextus Empiricus Bury, R. G. The three surviving works by Sextus Empiricus (c. 160–210 CE) are Outlines of Pyrrhonism, Against Dogmatists, and Against Professors. Their value as a source for the history of thought is especially that they represent development and formulation of former skeptic doctrines.
		On Medicine, Volume I: Books 1-4 Celsus Spencer, W. G. Celsus, a layman, provides in On Medicine more information about the condition of medical science up to his own time (probably first century CE) than any other author. Book 1 is on Greek schools of medicine and dietetics; Book 2 on prognosis, diagnosis, and general therapeutics; Book 3 on internal ailments; Book 4 on local bodily diseases.
		The Verrine Orations, Volume II Cicero Greenwood, L. H. G. We know more of Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BCE), lawyer, orator, politician and philosopher, than of any other Roman. Besides much else, his work conveys the turmoil of his time, and the part he played in a period that saw the rise and fall of Julius Caesar in a tottering republic.
		Remains of Old Latin, Volume I Warmington, E. H. Ennius Caecilius Extant early Latin writings from the seventh or sixth to the first century BCE include epic, drama, satire, translation and paraphrase, hymns, stage history and practice, and other works by Ennius, Caecilius, Livius Andronicus, Naevius, Pacuvius, Accius, Lucilius, and other anonymous authors; the Twelve Tables of Roman law; archaic inscriptions.
		History of Rome, Volume IX Livy Sage, Evan T. The only extant work by Livy (64 or 59 BCE –12 or 17 CE) is part of his history of Rome from the foundation of the city to 9 BCE. Of its 142 books 1–10, 21–45 (except parts of 41 and 43–45), fragments, and short summaries remain. Livy’s history is a source for the De Prodigiis of Julius Obsequens (fourth century CE).
		Poems. Letters: Books 1-2 Sidonius Anderson, W. B. Extant works by Sidonius (born c. 430 CE) are three long panegyrics in verse, poems addressed to or concerned with friends, and nine books of letters.
		Description of Gree IV Pausanias Jones, W. H. S. Pausanias (fl. 150 CE), one of the Roman world’s great travelers, sketches in Description of Greece the history, geography, landmarks, legends, and religious cults of all the important Greek cities. He shares his enthusiasm for great sites, describing them with care and an accuracy confirmed by comparison with monuments that still stand today.
		Description of Greece V Pausanias Wycherley, R. E. Pausanias (fl. 150 CE), one of the Roman world’s great travelers, sketches in Description of Greece the history, geography, landmarks, legends, and religious cults of all the important Greek cities. He shares his enthusiasm for great sites, describing them with care and an accuracy confirmed by comparison with monuments that still stand today.
		Orations III Demosthenes Vince, J. H. Demosthenes (384–322 BCE), orator at Athens, was a pleader in law courts who later became also a champion of Athenian greatness and Greek resistance to Philip of Macedon. His steadfastness, pungent argument, and severe control of language gained him early reputation as the best of Greek orators, and his works provide vivid pictures of contemporary life.
		****** AMMIANO MARCELLINO History I Rolfe, J. C. Ammiano (c. 325–c. 395 CE), a Greek from Antioch, served many years as an officer in the Roman army, then settled in Rome, where he wrote a Latin history of the Roman Empire. The portion that survives covers twenty-five years in the historian’s own lifetime: the reigns of Constantius, Julian, Jovian, Valentinian I, and Valens.
		**** LIVIO History of Rome X Sage, Evan T. The only extant work by Livy (64 or 59 BCE –12 or 17 CE) is part of his history of Rome from the foundation of the city to 9 BCE. Of its 142 books 1–10, 21–45 (except parts of 41 and 43–45), fragments, and short summaries remain. Livy’s history is a source for the De Prodigiis of Julius Obsequens (fourth century CE).
		****** The Passing of Peregrinus. The Runaways. Toxaris or Friendship. The Dance. Lexiphanes. The Eunuch. Astrology. The Mistaken Critic. The Parliament of the Gods. The Tyrannicide. Disowned Lucian Harmon, A. M. Lucian (c. 120–190 CE), apprentice sculptor then traveling rhetorician, settled in Athens and developed an original brand of satire. Notable for the Attic purity and elegance of his Greek and for literary versatility, he is famous chiefly for the lively, cynical wit of the dialogues in which he satirizes human folly, superstition, and hypocrisy.
		Library of History, Volume II Diodorus Siculus Oldfather, C. H. Diodorus’s Library of History, written in the first century BCE, is the most extensively preserved history by an ancient Greek author. The work is in three parts: mythical history to the Trojan War; history to Alexander’s death (323 BCE); and history to 54 BCE. Books 1–5 and 11–20 survive complete, the rest in fragments.
		**** CELSO On Medicine II Spencer, W. G. Celsus, a layman, provides in On Medicine more information about the condition of medical science up to his own time (probably first century CE) than any other author. Book 5 is on treatment by drugs of general diseases, Book 6 on treatment by drugs of local diseases.
		Moralia, Volume IV Plutarch Babbitt, Frank Cole Plutarch (c. 45–120 CE) wrote on many subjects. His extant works other than the Parallel Lives are varied, about sixty in number, and known as the Moralia (Moral Essays). They reflect his philosophy about living a good life, and provide a treasury of information concerning Greco-Roman society, traditions, ideals, ethics, and religion.
		Moralia, Volume V Plutarch Babbitt, Frank Cole Plutarch (c. 45–120 CE) wrote on many subjects. His extant works other than the Parallel Lives are varied, about sixty in number, and known as the Moralia (Moral Essays). They reflect his philosophy about living a good life, and provide a treasury of information concerning Greco-Roman society, traditions, ideals, ethics, and religion.
		Minor Works Aristotle Hett, W. S. Nearly all the works Aristotle (384–322 BCE) prepared for publication are lost; the priceless ones extant are lecture materials, notes, and memoranda (some are spurious). They can be categorized as: practical; logical; physical; metaphysical; on art; other; or fragments.
		Minor Attic Orators, Volume I Maidment, K. J. Antiphon Andocides Antiphon of Athens, born c. 480 BCE, disliked democracy and was an ardent oligarch. Of his fifteen extant works three concern real murder cases. The others are academic exercises. Andocides of Athens, born c. 440 BCE, disliked the extremes of democracy and oligarchy. Of his four extant speeches, Against Alcibiades is doubtful.
		***** CICERONE Pro Sestio. In Vatinium Gardner, R. We know more of Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BCE), lawyer, orator, politician and philosopher, than of any other Roman. Besides much else, his work conveys the turmoil of his time, and the part he played in a period that saw the rise and fall of Julius Caesar in a tottering republic.
		SENECA Moral Essays III Seneca Basore, John W. In Moral Essays, Seneca (c. 4–65 CE) expresses his Stoic philosophy on providence, steadfastness, anger, forgiveness, consolation, the happy life, leisure, tranquility, the brevity of life, and gift-giving.
		****** SESTO EMPIRICO Against Physicists. Against Ethicists Bury, R. G. The three surviving works by Sextus Empiricus (c. 160–210 CE) are Outlines of Pyrrhonism, Against Dogmatists, and Against Professors. Their value as a source for the history of thought is especially that they represent development and formulation of former skeptic doctrines.
		**** TACITO Annals: Books 4-6 Jackson, John Tacitus (c. 55–c. 120 CE), renowned for concision and psychology, is paramount as a historian of the early Roman empire. What survives of Histories covers the dramatic years 69–70. What survives of Annals tells an often terrible tale of 14–28, 31–37, and, partially, 47–66.
		**** LIVIO History of Rome XI Sage, Evan T. The only extant work by Livy (64 or 59 BCE –12 or 17 CE) is part of his history of Rome from the foundation of the city to 9 BCE. Of its 142 books 1–10, 21–45 (except parts of 41 and 43–45), fragments, and short summaries remain. Livy’s history is a source for the De Prodigiis of Julius Obsequens (fourth century CE).
		***** Remains of Old Latin II Warmington, E. H. Extant early Latin writings from the seventh or sixth to the first century BCE include epic, drama, satire, translation and paraphrase, hymns, stage history and practice, and other works by Ennius, Caecilius, Livius Andronicus, Naevius, Pacuvius, Accius, Lucilius, and other anonymous authors; the Twelve Tables of Roman law; archaic inscriptions.
		**** AMMIANO MARCELLINO History II Rolfe, J. C. Ammianus (c. 325–c. 395 CE), a Greek from Antioch, served many years as an officer in the Roman army, then settled in Rome, where he wrote a Latin history of the Roman Empire. The portion that survives covers twenty-five years in the historian’s own lifetime: the reigns of Constantius, Julian, Jovian, Valentinian I, and Valens.
		Problems, Volume I Aristotle Mayhew, Robert Although Problems is an accretion of multiple authorship over several centuries, it offers a fascinating technical view of Peripatetic method and thought.
		Problems, Volume II Aristotle Mayhew, Robert Mirhady, David C. Although Problems is an accretion of multiple authorship over several centuries, it offers a fascinating technical view of Peripatetic method and thought. Rhetoric to Alexander provides practical advice to orators and was likely composed during the period of Aristotle’s tutorship of Alexander, perhaps by Anaximenes, another of Alexander’s tutors.
		Orations, Volume IV Demosthenes Murray, A. T. Demosthenes (384–322 BCE), orator at Athens, was a pleader in law courts who later became also a champion of Athenian greatness and Greek resistance to Philip of Macedon. His steadfastness, pungent argument, and severe control of language gained him early reputation as the best of Greek orators, and his works provide vivid pictures of contemporary life.
		Roman Antiquities, Volume I Dionysius of Halicarnassus Cary, Earnest The main aim of Dionysius of Halicarnassus’s Roman Antiquities, which began to appear in 7 BCE, was to reconcile Greeks to Roman rule. Of the twenty books (from the earliest times to 264 BCE) we have the first nine complete; most of 10 and 11; extracts; and an epitome of the whole.
		On the Decalogue. On the Special Laws, Books 1-3 Philo Colson, F. H. The philosopher Philo, born about 20 BCE to a prominent Jewish family in Alexandria, was trained in Greek as well as Jewish learning. In attempting to reconcile biblical teachings with Greek philosophy he developed ideas that had wide influence on Christian and Jewish religious thought.
		Moralia, Volume X Plutarch Fowler, Harold North Plutarch (c. 45–120 CE) wrote on many subjects. His extant works other than the Parallel Lives are varied, about sixty in number, and known as the Moralia (Moral Essays). They reflect his philosophy about living a good life, and provide a treasury of information concerning Greco-Roman society, traditions, ideals, ethics, and religion.
		**** TACITO Annals: Books 13-16 Jackson, John Tacitus (c. 55–c. 120 CE), renowned for concision and psychology, is paramount as a historian of the early Roman empire. What survives of Histories covers the dramatic years 69–70. What survives of Annals tells an often terrible tale of 14–28, 31–37, and, partially, 47–66.
		Parts of Animals. Movement of Animals. Progression of Animals Aristotle Peck, A. L. Forster, E. S. Nearly all the works Aristotle (384–322 BCE) prepared for publication are lost; the priceless ones extant are lecture materials, notes, and memoranda (some are spurious). They can be categorized as: practical; logical; physical; metaphysical; on art; other; or fragments.
		**** CICERONE In Catilinam Macdonald, C. We know more of Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BCE), lawyer, orator, politician and philosopher, than of any other Roman. Besides much else, his work conveys the turmoil of his time, and the part he played in a period that saw the rise and fall of Julius Caesar in a tottering republic.
		**** ARISTOTELE Categories. On Interpretation. Prior Analytics Cooke, H. P. Tredennick, Hugh Nearly all the works Aristotle (384–322 BCE) prepared for publication are lost; the priceless ones extant are lecture materials, notes, and memoranda (some are spurious). They can be categorized as: practical; logical; physical; metaphysical; on art; other; or fragments.
		Jewish Antiquities, Volume IV Josephus Marcus, Ralph The major works of Josephus (c. 37–after 97 CE) are History of the Jewish War, from 170 BCE to his own time, and Jewish Antiquities, from creation to 66 CE. Also by him are an autobiographical Life and a treatise Against Apion.
		The Learned Banqueters, Volume VI Athenaeus Olson, S. Douglas In The Learned Banqueters (late-2nd century CE), Athenaeus describes a series of dinner parties at which the guests quote extensively from Greek literature. The work provides quotations from works now lost, and preserves information about wide range of information about Greek culture.
		***** PLAUTO Stichus. Three-Dollar Day. Truculentus. The Tale of a Traveling-Bag. Fragments de Melo, Wolfgang The comedies of Plautus, who brilliantly adapted Greek plays for Roman audiences c. 205–184 BCE, are the earliest Latin works to survive complete and cornerstones of the European theatrical tradition from Shakespeare and Molière to modern times. Twenty-one of his plays are extant.
		***** Remains of Old Latin III Warmington, E. H. Extant early Latin writings from the seventh or sixth to the first century BCE include epic, drama, satire, translation and paraphrase, hymns, stage history and practice, and other works by Ennius, Caecilius, Livius Andronicus, Naevius, Pacuvius, Accius, Lucilius, and other anonymous authors; the Twelve Tables of Roman law; archaic inscriptions.
		***** PLINIO Natural History I Rackham, H. Pliny the Elder (23–79 CE) produced in his Natural History a vast compendium of Roman knowledge. Topics included are the mathematics and metrology of the universe; world geography and ethnography; human anthropology and physiology; zoology; botany, agriculture, and horticulture; medicine; minerals, fine arts, and gemstones.
		***** AMMIANO MARCELLINO History III Rolfe, J. C. Ammianus (c. 325–c. 395 CE), a Greek from Antioch, served many years as an officer in the Roman army, then settled in Rome, where he wrote a Latin history of the Roman Empire. The portion that survives covers twenty-five years in the historian’s own lifetime: the reigns of Constantius, Julian, Jovian, Valentinian I, and Valens.
		**** LIVIO History of Rome XII Sage, Evan T. and Schlesinger, Alfred C. The only extant work by Livy (64 or 59 BCE –12 or 17 CE) is part of his history of Rome from the foundation of the city to 9 BCE. Of its 142 books 1–10, 21–45 (except parts of 41 and 43–45), fragments, and short summaries remain. Livy’s history is a source for the De Prodigiis of Julius Obsequens (fourth century CE).
		***** VARRONE On the Latin Language I Kent, Roland G. Of more than seventy works by Varro (116–27 BCE) we have only his treatise On Agriculture and part of his De Lingua Latina (On the Latin Language), a work typical of its author’s interest not only in antiquarian matters but also in the collection of scientific facts, and containing much of very great value to the study of the Latin language.
		***** VARRONE On the Latin Language II Kent, Roland G. Of more than seventy works by Varro (116–27 BCE) we have only his treatise On Agriculture and part of his De Lingua Latina (On the Latin Language), a work typical of its author’s interest not only in antiquarian matters but also in the collection of scientific facts, and containing much of very great value to the study of the Latin language.
		Greek Mathematical Works, Volume I Thomas, Ivor Greek mathematics from the sixth century BCE to the fourth century CE is represented by the work of, e.g., Pythagoras; Proclus; Thales; Democritus; Hippocrates of Chios; Theaetetus; Plato; Eudoxus of Cnidus; Aristotle; Euclid; Eratosthenes; Apollonius; Ptolemy; Heron of Alexandria; Diophantus; and Pappus.
		**** CELSO On Medicine III Spencer, W. G. Celsus, a layman, provides in On Medicine more information about the condition of medical science up to his own time (probably first century CE) than any other author. Books VII and Book VIII deal with surgery and present accounts of many operations, including amputation.
		Moralia, Volume VI Plutarch Helmbold, W. C. Plutarch (c. 45–120 CE) wrote on many subjects. His extant works other than the Parallel Lives are varied, about sixty in number, and known as the Moralia (Moral Essays). They reflect his philosophy about living a good life, and provide a treasury of information concerning Greco-Roman society, traditions, ideals, ethics, and religion.
		On the Heavens Aristotle Guthrie, W. K. C. Nearly all the works Aristotle (384–322 BCE) prepared for publication are lost; the priceless ones extant are lecture materials, notes, and memoranda (some are spurious). They can be categorized as: practical; logical; physical; metaphysical; on art; other; or fragments.
		Discourses 12-30 Dio Chrysostom Cohoon, J. W. Dio Chrysostomus (c. 40–c. 120 CE) was a rhetorician hostile to philosophers, whose Discourses (or Orations) reflect political or moral concerns. What survives of his works make him prominent in the revival of Greek literature in the late first and early second century CE.
		Library of History, Volume III Diodorus Siculus Oldfather, C. H. Diodorus’s Library of History, written in the first century BCE, is the most extensively preserved history by an ancient Greek author. The work is in three parts: mythical history to the Trojan War; history to Alexander’s death (323 BCE); and history to 54 BCE. Books 1–5 and 11–20 survive complete, the rest in fragments.
		On the Special Laws, Book 4. On the Virtues. On Rewards and Punishments Philo Colson, F. H. The philosopher Philo, born about 20 BCE to a prominent Jewish family in Alexandria, was trained in Greek as well as Jewish learning. In attempting to reconcile biblical teachings with Greek philosophy he developed ideas that had wide influence on Christian and Jewish religious thought.
		***** CICERONE Bruto. L'Oratore Hendrickson, G. L. Hubbell, H. M. We know more of Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BCE), lawyer, orator, politician and philosopher, than of any other Roman. Besides much else, his work conveys the turmoil of his time, and the part he played in a period that saw the rise and fall of Julius Caesar in a tottering republic.
		On Buildings. General Index Procopius Dewing, H. B. Downey, Glanville In On Buildings, the Byzantine historian Procopius (late fifth century to after 558 CE) describes the churches, public buildings, fortifications, and bridges Justinian erected throughout his empire, from the Church of St. Sophia in Constantinople to city walls at Carthage. The work is richly informative about architecture of the sixth century CE.
		Dionysiaca, Volume I: Books 1-15 Nonnos Rouse, W. H. D. The epic Dionysiaca by Nonnos of Panopolis in Egypt (fifth century CE) concerns Dionysus’ earthly career from birth at Thebes to reception on Olympus. In a poem full of mythology, astrology, and magic, Nonnos relates the god’s conquest of the East and also, sensually and explicitly, his amorous adventures.
		The Learned Banqueters, Volume VII Athenaeus Olson, S. Douglas In The Learned Banqueters (late-2nd century CE), Athenaeus describes a series of dinner parties at which the guests quote extensively from Greek literature. The work provides quotations from works now lost, and preserves information about wide range of information about Greek culture.
		Orations, Volume V Demosthenes Murray, A. T. Demosthenes (384–322 BCE), orator at Athens, was a pleader in law courts who later became also a champion of Athenian greatness and Greek resistance to Philip of Macedon. His steadfastness, pungent argument, and severe control of language gained him early reputation as the best of Greek orators, and his works provide vivid pictures of contemporary life.
		Roman Antiquities, Volume II Dionysius of Halicarnassus Cary, Earnest The main aim of Dionysius of Halicarnassus’s Roman Antiquities, which began to appear in 7 BCE, was to reconcile Greeks to Roman rule. Of the twenty books (from the earliest times to 264 BCE) we have the first nine complete; most of 10 and 11; extracts; and an epitome of the whole.
		***** CICERONE On the Orator: Books 1-2 Sutton, E. W. and Rackham, H. We know more of Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BCE), lawyer, orator, politician and philosopher, than of any other Roman. Besides much else, his work conveys the turmoil of his time, and the part he played in a period that saw the rise and fall of Julius Caesar in a tottering republic.
		**** CICERONE On the Orator: Book 3. Rackham, H. We know more of Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BCE), lawyer, orator, politician and philosopher, than of any other Roman. Besides much else, his work conveys the turmoil of his time, and the part he played in a period that saw the rise and fall of Julius Caesar in a tottering republic.
		**** MANETHO History of Egypt and Other Works Waddell, W. G. Eight works or parts of works were ascribed to Manetho, a third century BCE Egyptian, all on history and religion and all apparently in Greek. They survive only as quoted by other writers and include the spurious Book of Sôthis. The Kings of Thebes (in Egypt) and the Old Chronicle are doubtful.
		Orations, Volume VI Demosthenes Murray, A. T. Demosthenes (384–322 BCE), orator at Athens, was a pleader in law courts who later became also a champion of Athenian greatness and Greek resistance to Philip of Macedon. His steadfastness, pungent argument, and severe control of language gained him early reputation as the best of Greek orators, and his works provide vivid pictures of contemporary life.
		***** PLINIO Natural History II Rackham, H. Pliny the Elder (23–79 CE) produced in his Natural History a vast compendium of Roman knowledge. Topics included are the mathematics and metrology of the universe; world geography and ethnography; human anthropology and physiology; zoology; botany, agriculture, and horticulture; medicine; minerals, fine arts, and gemstones.
		**** PLINIO Natural History III Rackham, H. Pliny the Elder (23–79 CE) produced in his Natural History a vast compendium of Roman knowledge. Topics included are the mathematics and metrology of the universe; world geography and ethnography; human anthropology and physiology; zoology; botany, agriculture, and horticulture; medicine; minerals, fine arts, and gemstones.
		****** Dionysiaca, Volume II Nonnos Rouse, W. H. D. The epic Dionysiaca by Nonnos of Panopolis in Egypt (fifth century CE) concerns Dionysus’ earthly career from birth at Thebes to reception on Olympus. In a poem full of mythology, astrology, and magic, Nonnos relates the god’s conquest of the East and also, sensually and explicitly, his amorous adventures.
		***** History of Rome, Volume VI Livy Moore, Frank Gardner The only extant work by Livy (64 or 59 BCE –12 or 17 CE) is part of his history of Rome from the foundation of the city to 9 BCE. Of its 142 books 1–10, 21–45 (except parts of 41 and 43–45), fragments, and short summaries remain. Livy’s history is a source for the De Prodigiis of Julius Obsequens (fourth century CE).
		****** Dionysiaca III Nonnos Rouse, W. H. D. The epic Dionysiaca by Nonnos of Panopolis in Egypt (fifth century CE) concerns Dionysus’ earthly career from birth at Thebes to reception on Olympus. In a poem full of mythology, astrology, and magic, Nonnos relates the god’s conquest of the East and also, sensually and explicitly, his amorous adventures.
		****** Roman Antiquities III Dionysius of Halicarnassus Cary, Earnest The main aim of Dionysius of Halicarnassus’s Roman Antiquities, which began to appear in 7 BCE, was to reconcile Greeks to Roman rule. Of the twenty books (from the earliest times to 264 BCE) we have the first nine complete; most of 10 and 11; extracts; and an epitome of the whole.
		Discourses 31-36 Dio Chrysostom Cohoon, J. W. Crosby, H. Lamar Dio Chrysostomus (c. 40–c. 120 CE) was a rhetorician hostile to philosophers, whose Discourses (or Orations) reflect political or moral concerns. What survives of his works make him prominent in the revival of Greek literature in the late first and early second century CE.
		***** Remains of Old Latin IV Warmington, E. H. Extant early Latin writings from the seventh or sixth to the first century BCE include epic, drama, satire, translation and paraphrase, hymns, stage history and practice, and other works by Ennius, Caecilius, Livius Andronicus, Naevius, Pacuvius, Accius, Lucilius, and other anonymous authors; the Twelve Tables of Roman law; archaic inscriptions.
		***** Select Papyri, Volume III Page, Denys L. Fragments of ancient literature, from the seventh to the third century BCE, found on papyri in Egypt include examples of tragedy; satyr drama; Old, Middle, and New Comedy; mime; lyric, elegiac, iambic, and hexametric poetry.
		**** COLUMELLA On Agriculture I Ash, Harrison Boyd Columella (first century CE) included Cato and Varro among many sources for On Agriculture, but his personal experience was paramount. Written in prose except for the hexameters on horticulture of Book 10, the work is richly informative about country life in first century CE Italy.
		***** Greek Mathematical Works, Volume II Thomas, Ivor Greek mathematics from the sixth century BCE to the fourth century CE is represented by the work of, e.g., Pythagoras; Proclus; Thales; Democritus; Hippocrates of Chios; Theaetetus; Plato; Eudoxus of Cnidus; Aristotle; Euclid; Eratosthenes; Apollonius; Ptolemy; Heron of Alexandria; Diophantus; and Pappus.
		**** FILONE Every Good Man is Free. On the Contemplative Life. On the Eternity of the World. Against Flaccus. Apology for the Jews. On Providence Colson, F. H. The philosopher Philo, born about 20 BCE to a prominent Jewish family in Alexandria, was trained in Greek as well as Jewish learning. In attempting to reconcile biblical teachings with Greek philosophy he developed ideas that had wide influence on Christian and Jewish religious thought.
		**** DIONISIO Roman Antiquities IV Cary, Earnest The main aim of Dionysius of Halicarnassus’s Roman Antiquities, which began to appear in 7 BCE, was to reconcile Greeks to Roman rule. Of the twenty books (from the earliest times to 264 BCE) we have the first nine complete; most of 10 and 11; extracts; and an epitome of the whole.
		Jewish Antiquities, Volume V Josephus Marcus, Ralph The major works of Josephus (c. 37–after 97 CE) are History of the Jewish War, from 170 BCE to his own time, and Jewish Antiquities, from creation to 66 CE. Also by him are an autobiographical Life and a treatise Against Apion.
		Generation of Animals Aristotle Peck, A. L. Nearly all the works Aristotle (384–322 BCE) prepared for publication are lost; the priceless ones extant are lecture materials, notes, and memoranda (some are spurious). They can be categorized as: practical; logical; physical; metaphysical; on art; other; or fragments.
		History of Rome, Volume VII Livy Moore, Frank Gardner The only extant work by Livy (64 or 59 BCE –12 or 17 CE) is part of his history of Rome from the foundation of the city to 9 BCE. Of its 142 books 1–10, 21–45 (except parts of 41 and 43–45), fragments, and short summaries remain. Livy’s history is a source for the De Prodigiis of Julius Obsequens (fourth century CE).
		History of Alexander, Volume I Quintus Curtius Rolfe, J. C. Quintus Curtius wrote a history of Alexander the Great in the first or second century CE. The first two of ten books have not survived and material is missing from books 5, 6, and 10. Curtius narrates exciting experiences, develops his hero’s character, moralizes, and provides one of the five extant works that are evidence for Alexander’s career.
		History of Alexander, Volume II Quintus Curtius Rolfe, J. C. Quintus Curtius wrote a history of Alexander the Great in the first or second century CE. The first two of ten books have not survived and material is missing from books 5, 6, and 10. Curtius narrates exciting experiences, develops his hero’s character, moralizes, and provides one of the five extant works that are evidence for Alexander’s career.
		Natural History, Volume IV Pliny Rackham, H. Pliny the Elder (23–79 CE) produced in his Natural History a vast compendium of Roman knowledge. Topics included are the mathematics and metrology of the universe; world geography and ethnography; human anthropology and physiology; zoology; botany, agriculture, and horticulture; medicine; minerals, fine arts, and gemstones.
		Natural History, Volume V Pliny Rackham, H. Pliny the Elder (23–79 CE) produced in his Natural History a vast compendium of Roman knowledge. Topics included are the mathematics and metrology of the universe; world geography and ethnography; human anthropology and physiology; zoology; botany, agriculture, and horticulture; medicine; minerals, fine arts, and gemstones.
		Roman Antiquities, V Dionysius of Halicarnassus Cary, Earnest The main aim of Dionysius of Halicarnassus’s Roman Antiquities, which began to appear in 7 BCE, was to reconcile Greeks to Roman rule. Of the twenty books (from the earliest times to 264 BCE) we have the first nine complete; most of 10 and 11; extracts; and an epitome of the whole.
		Evagoras. Helen. Busiris. Plataicus. Concerning the Team of Horses. Trapeziticus. Against Callimachus. Aegineticus. Against Lochites. Against Euthynus. Letters Isocrates Van Hook, La Rue The importance of Isocrates (436–338 BCE) for the study of Greek civilization of the fourth century BCE is indisputable. Twenty-one discourses by Isocrates survive; these include political essays, treatises on education and on ethics, and speeches for legal cases. Nine letters, more on public than private matters, are also extant.
		Orations, Volume VII Demosthenes De Witt, N. W. De Witt, N. J. Demosthenes (384–322 BCE), orator at Athens, was a pleader in law courts who later became also a champion of Athenian greatness and Greek resistance to Philip of Macedon. His steadfastness, pungent argument, and severe control of language gained him early reputation as the best of Greek orators, and his works provide vivid pictures of contemporary life.
		Library of History, Volume IV Diodorus Siculus Oldfather, C. H. Diodorus’s Library of History, written in the first century BCE, is the most extensively preserved history by an ancient Greek author. The work is in three parts: mythical history to the Trojan War; history to Alexander’s death (323 BCE); and history to 54 BCE. Books 1–5 and 11–20 survive complete, the rest in fragments.
		Discourses 37-60 Dio Chrysostom Crosby, H. Lamar Dio Chrysostomus (c. 40–c. 120 CE) was a rhetorician hostile to philosophers, whose Discourses (or Orations) reflect political or moral concerns. What survives of his works make him prominent in the revival of Greek literature in the late first and early second century CE.
		Library of History, Volume IX Diodorus Siculus Geer, Russel M. Diodorus’s Library of History, written in the first century BCE, is the most extensively preserved history by an ancient Greek author. The work is in three parts: mythical history to the Trojan War; history to Alexander’s death (323 BCE); and history to 54 BCE. Books 1–5 and 11–20 survive complete, the rest in fragments.
		Roman Antiquities, Volume VI Dionysius of Halicarnassus Cary, Earnest The main aim of Dionysius of Halicarnassus’s Roman Antiquities, which began to appear in 7 BCE, was to reconcile Greeks to Roman rule. Of the twenty books (from the earliest times to 264 BCE) we have the first nine complete; most of 10 and 11; extracts; and an epitome of the whole.
		On the Embassy to Gaius. General Indexes Philo Colson, F. H. The philosopher Philo, born about 20 BCE to a prominent Jewish family in Alexandria, was trained in Greek as well as Jewish learning. In attempting to reconcile biblical teachings with Greek philosophy he developed ideas that had wide influence on Christian and Jewish religious thought.
		Questions on Genesis Philo Marcus, Ralph The philosopher Philo, born about 20 BCE to a prominent Jewish family in Alexandria, was trained in Greek as well as Jewish learning. In attempting to reconcile biblical teachings with Greek philosophy he developed ideas that had wide influence on Christian and Jewish religious thought.
		**** LIVIO History of Rome VIII Moore, Frank Gardner The only extant work by Livy (64 or 59 BCE –12 or 17 CE) is part of his history of Rome from the foundation of the city to 9 BCE. Of its 142 books 1–10, 21–45 (except parts of 41 and 43–45), fragments, and short summaries remain. Livy’s history is a source for the De Prodigiis of Julius Obsequens (fourth century CE).
		Against Professors Sextus Empiricus Bury, R. G. The three surviving works by Sextus Empiricus (c. 160–210 CE) are Outlines of Pyrrhonism, Against Dogmatists, and Against Professors. Their value as a source for the history of thought is especially that they represent development and formulation of former skeptic doctrines.
		Alciphron, Aelian, and Philostratus: The Letters Alciphron Aelian Philostratus Benner, A. R. Fobes, F. H. The fictitious, highly literary Letters of Alciphron (second century CE) are mostly to invented characters. The Letters of Farmers by Aelian (c. 170–235 CE) portray the country ways of their imagined writers. The Erotic Epistles of Philostratus (perhaps born c. 170 CE) resemble and may have been influenced by those of Alciphron.
		Library of History, Volume V Diodorus Siculus Oldfather, C. H. Diodorus’s Library of History, written in the first century BCE, is the most extensively preserved history by an ancient Greek author. The work is in three parts: mythical history to the Trojan War; history to Alexander’s death (323 BCE); and history to 54 BCE. Books 1–5 and 11–20 survive complete, the rest in fragments.
		Discourses 61-80. Fragments. Letters Dio Chrysostom Crosby, H. Lamar Dio Chrysostomus (c. 40–c. 120 CE) was a rhetorician hostile to philosophers, whose Discourses (or Orations) reflect political or moral concerns. What survives of his works make him prominent in the revival of Greek literature in the late first and early second century CE.
		****** On Invention. The Best Kind of Orator. Topics Cicerone Edited by H. M. Hubbell. We know more of Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BCE), lawyer, orator, politician and philosopher, than of any other Roman. Besides much else, his work conveys the turmoil of his time, and the part he played in a period that saw the rise and fall of Julius Caesar in a tottering republic.
		**** PRUDENZIO Against Symmachus 1 Thomson, H. J. Prudentius (born 348 CE) used allegory and classical Latin verse forms in the service of Christianity. His works include the Psychomachia, an allegorical description of the struggle between (Christian) virtues and (pagan) vices; lyric poetry; and—a valuable source on Christian iconography—poetic inscriptions for biblical scenes on the walls of a church.
		Roman Antiquities, Volume VII Dionysius of Halicarnassus Cary, Earnest The main aim of Dionysius of Halicarnassus’s Roman Antiquities, which began to appear in 7 BCE, was to reconcile Greeks to Roman rule. Of the twenty books (from the earliest times to 264 BCE) we have the first nine complete; most of 10 and 11; extracts; and an epitome of the whole.
		Library of History, Volume VII Diodorus Siculus Sherman, Charles L. Diodorus’s Library of History, written in the first century BCE, is the most extensively preserved history by an ancient Greek author. The work is in three parts: mythical history to the Trojan War; history to Alexander’s death (323 BCE); and history to 54 BCE. Books 1–5 and 11–20 survive complete, the rest in fragments.
		Library of History, Volume X Diodorus Siculus Geer, Russel M. Diodorus’s Library of History, written in the first century BCE, is the most extensively preserved history by an ancient Greek author. The work is in three parts: mythical history to the Trojan War; history to Alexander’s death (323 BCE); and history to 54 BCE. Books 1–5 and 11–20 survive complete, the rest in fragments.
		Posterior Analytics. Topica Aristotle Tredennick, Hugh Forster, E. S. Nearly all the works Aristotle (384–322 BCE) prepared for publication are lost; the priceless ones extant are lecture materials, notes, and memoranda (some are spurious). They can be categorized as: practical; logical; physical; metaphysical; on art; other; or fragments.
		Natural History, Volume VI Pliny Jones, W. H. S. Pliny the Elder (23–79 CE) produced in his Natural History a vast compendium of Roman knowledge. Topics included are the mathematics and metrology of the universe; world geography and ethnography; human anthropology and physiology; zoology; botany, agriculture, and horticulture; medicine; minerals, fine arts, and gemstones.
		Natural History, Volume VII Pliny Jones, W. H. S. Andrews, A. C. Pliny the Elder (23–79 CE) produced in his Natural History a vast compendium of Roman knowledge. Topics included are the mathematics and metrology of the universe; world geography and ethnography; human anthropology and physiology; zoology; botany, agriculture, and horticulture; medicine; minerals, fine arts, and gemstones.
		***** PLINIO Natural History IX Rackham, H. Pliny the Elder (23–79 CE) produced in his Natural History a vast compendium of Roman knowledge. Topics included are the mathematics and metrology of the universe; world geography and ethnography; human anthropology and physiology; zoology; botany, agriculture, and horticulture; medicine; minerals, fine arts, and gemstones.
		Minor Attic Orators, Volume II: Lycurgus. Dinarchus. Demades. Hyperides Burtt, J. O. Lycurgus Dinarchus Demades Hyperides Fourth century BCE orators were involved in Athenian resistance to Philip of Macedon. Lycurgus was with Demosthenes in the anti-Macedonian faction. Hyperides was also hostile to Philip and led Athenian patriots after 325 BCE. But Dinarchus favored an oligarchy under Macedonian control and Demades supported the Macedonian cause too.
		**** LIVIO History of Rome XIII Schlesinger, Alfred C. The only extant work by Livy (64 or 59 BCE –12 or 17 CE) is part of his history of Rome from the foundation of the city to 9 BCE. Of its 142 books 1–10, 21–45 (except parts of 41 and 43–45), fragments, and short summaries remain. Livy’s history is a source for the De Prodigiis of Julius Obsequens (fourth century CE).
		Meteorologica Aristotle Lee, H. D. P. Nearly all the works Aristotle (384–322 BCE) prepared for publication are lost; the priceless ones extant are lecture materials, notes, and memoranda (some are spurious). They can be categorized as: practical; logical; physical; metaphysical; on art; other; or fragments.
		****** PRUDENZIO Against Symmachus 2 Thomson, H. J. Prudentius (born 348 CE) used allegory and classical Latin verse forms in the service of Christianity. His works include the Psychomachia, an allegorical description of the struggle between (Christian) virtues and (pagan) vices; lyric poetry; and—a valuable source on Christian iconography—poetic inscriptions for biblical scenes on the walls of a church.
		Library of History, Volume VI Diodorus Siculus Oldfather, C. H. Diodorus’s Library of History, written in the first century BCE, is the most extensively preserved history by an ancient Greek author. The work is in three parts: mythical history to the Trojan War; history to Alexander’s death (323 BCE); and history to 54 BCE. Books 1–5 and 11–20 survive complete, the rest in fragments.
		On Sophistical Refutations. On Coming-to-be and Passing Away. On the Cosmos Aristotle Forster, E. S. Furley, D. J. Nearly all the works Aristotle (384–322 BCE) prepared for publication are lost; the priceless ones extant are lecture materials, notes, and memoranda (some are spurious). They can be categorized as: practical; logical; physical; metaphysical; on art; other; or fragments.
		Questions on Exodus Philo Marcus, Ralph The philosopher Philo, born about 20 BCE to a prominent Jewish family in Alexandria, was trained in Greek as well as Jewish learning. In attempting to reconcile biblical teachings with Greek philosophy he developed ideas that had wide influence on Christian and Jewish religious thought.
		***** GIULIO CESARE Alexandrian War. African War. Spanish War Way, A. G. Aulus Hirtius, friend of and military subordinate to Caesar (100–44 BCE), may have written the Alexandrian War. African War and Spanish War are detailed accounts clearly by officers who had shared in the campaigns. All three works provide important information on Caesar’s career.
		**** CICERONE "Rhetorica ad Herennium" Edited by Harry Caplan The Rhetorica ad Herrenium was traditionally attributed to Cicerone (106–43 BCE), and reflects, as does Cicero’s De Inventione, Hellenistic rhetorical teaching. But most recent editors attribute it to an unknown author.
		*** LIVIO History of Rome XIV Schlesinger, Alfred C. Julius Obsequens The only extant work by Livy (64 or 59 BCE –12 or 17 CE) is part of his history of Rome from the foundation of the city to 9 BCE. Of its 142 books 1–10, 21–45 (except parts of 41 and 43–45), fragments, and short summaries remain.  Livy’s history is a source for the De Prodigiis of Julius Obsequens (fourth century CE).
		Moralia, Volume VII Plutarch De Lacy, Phillip H. Einarson, Benedict Plutarch (c. 45–120 CE) wrote on many subjects. His extant works other than the Parallel Lives are varied, about sixty in number, and known as the Moralia (Moral Essays). They reflect his philosophy about living a good life, and provide a treasury of information concerning Greco-Roman society, traditions, ideals, ethics, and religion.
		Moralia, Volume XII Plutarch Cherniss, Harold Helmbold, W. C. Plutarch (c. 45–120 CE) wrote on many subjects. His extant works other than the Parallel Lives are varied, about sixty in number, and known as the Moralia (Moral Essays). They reflect his philosophy about living a good life, and provide a treasury of information concerning Greco-Roman society, traditions, ideals, ethics, and religion.
		***** COLUMELLA On Agriculture, Volume II Forster, E. S. Heffner, Edward H. Columella (first century CE) included Cato and Varro among many sources for On Agriculture, but his personal experience was paramount. Written in prose except for the hexameters on horticulture of Book 10, the work is richly informative about country life in first century CE Italy.
		**** COLUMELLA On Agriculture, Volume III Forster, E. S. Heffner, Edward H. Columella (first century CE) included Cato and Varro among many sources for On Agriculture, but his personal experience was paramount. Written in prose except for the hexameters on horticulture of Book 10, the work is richly informative about country life in first century CE Italy.
		Library of History, Volume XI Diodorus Siculus Walton, Francis R. Diodorus’s Library of History, written in the first century BCE, is the most extensively preserved history by an ancient Greek author. The work is in three parts: mythical history to the Trojan War; history to Alexander’s death (323 BCE); and history to 54 BCE. Books 1–5 and 11–20 survive complete, the rest in fragments.
		Jewish Antiquities, Volume VII Josephus Marcus, Ralph Wikgren, Allen The major works of Josephus (c. 37–after 97 CE) are History of the Jewish War, from 170 BCE to his own time, and Jewish Antiquities, from creation to 66 CE. Also by him are an autobiographical Life and a treatise Against Apion.
		City of God, Volume I Augustine McCracken, George E. City of God by Augustine (354–430 CE) unfolds God’s action in the progress of the world’s history, and propounds the superiority of Christian beliefs over pagan in adversity.
		City of God, Volume II Augustine Green, William M. City of God by Augustine (354–430 CE) unfolds God’s action in the progress of the world’s history, and propounds the superiority of Christian beliefs over pagan in adversity.
		City of God, Volume III Augustine Wiesen, David S. City of God by Augustine (354–430 CE) unfolds God’s action in the progress of the world’s history, and propounds the superiority of Christian beliefs over pagan in adversity.
		City of God, Volume IV Augustine Levine, Philip City of God by Augustine (354–430 CE) unfolds God’s action in the progress of the world’s history, and propounds the superiority of Christian beliefs over pagan in adversity.
		City of God, Volume V Augustine Sanford, Eva M. Green, William M. City of God by Augustine (354–430 CE) unfolds God’s action in the progress of the world’s history, and propounds the superiority of Christian beliefs over pagan in adversity.
		***** AUGUSTINUS City of God VI Greene, William Chase City of God by Augustine (354–430 CE) unfolds God’s action in the progress of the world’s history, and propounds the superiority of Christian beliefs over pagan in adversity.
		**** AUGUSTINUS City of God, Volume VII Green, William M. City of God by Augustine (354–430 CE) unfolds God’s action in the progress of the world’s history, and propounds the superiority of Christian beliefs over pagan in adversity.
		***** PLINIO Natural History VIII Jones, W. H. S. Pliny the Elder (23–79 CE) produced in his Natural History a vast compendium of Roman knowledge. Topics included are the mathematics and metrology of the universe; world geography and ethnography; human anthropology and physiology; zoology; botany, agriculture, and horticulture; medicine; minerals, fine arts, and gemstones.
		**** PLINIO Natural History X Eichholz, D. E. Pliny the Elder (23–79 CE) produced in his Natural History a vast compendium of Roman knowledge. Topics included are the mathematics and metrology of the universe; world geography and ethnography; human anthropology and physiology; zoology; botany, agriculture, and horticulture; medicine; minerals, fine arts, and gemstones.
		**** SIDONIUS Letters: Books 3-9 Anderson, W. B. Extant works by Sidonius (born c. 430 CE) are three long panegyrics in verse, poems addressed to or concerned with friends, and nine books of letters.
		Aetia, Iambi, Hecale and Other Fragments. Hero and Leander Callimachus Musaeus Trypanis, C. A. Gelzer, T. Whitman, Cedric H. Fragments by Callimachus (third century BCE) include those from the Aetia, Greek aetiological stories; a book of Iambi; and the epic poem Hecale. Hero and Leander by Musaeus (fifth or sixth century CE) is a short epic poem.
		Library of History, Volume VIII Diodorus Siculus Welles, C. Bradford Diodorus’s Library of History, written in the first century BCE, is the most extensively preserved history by an ancient Greek author. The work is in three parts: mythical history to the Trojan War; history to Alexander’s death (323 BCE); and history to 54 BCE. Books 1–5 and 11–20 survive complete, the rest in fragments.
		Library of History, Volume XII Diodorus Siculus Walton, Francis R. Diodorus’s Library of History, written in the first century BCE, is the most extensively preserved history by an ancient Greek author. The work is in three parts: mythical history to the Trojan War; history to Alexander’s death (323 BCE); and history to 54 BCE. Books 1–5 and 11–20 survive complete, the rest in fragments.
		Moralia, Volume VIII Plutarch Clement, P. A. Hoffleit, H. B. Plutarch (c. 45–120 CE) wrote on many subjects. His extant works other than the Parallel Lives are varied, about sixty in number, and known as the Moralia (Moral Essays). They reflect his philosophy about living a good life, and provide a treasury of information concerning Greco-Roman society, traditions, ideals, ethics, and religion.
		Moralia, Volume IX Plutarch Minar, Edwin L. Sandbach, F. H. Helmbold, W. C. Plutarch (c. 45–120 CE) wrote on many subjects. His extant works other than the Parallel Lives are varied, about sixty in number, and known as the Moralia (Moral Essays). They reflect his philosophy about living a good life, and provide a treasury of information concerning Greco-Roman society, traditions, ideals, ethics, and religion.
		Moralia, Volume XI Plutarch Pearson, Lionel Sandbach, F. H. Plutarch (c. 45–120 CE) wrote on many subjects. His extant works other than the Parallel Lives are varied, about sixty in number, and known as the Moralia (Moral Essays). They reflect his philosophy about living a good life, and provide a treasury of information concerning Greco-Roman society, traditions, ideals, ethics, and religion.
427.		Moralia, Volume XIII Plutarch Cherniss, Harold Plutarch (c. 45–120 CE) wrote on many subjects. His extant works other than the Parallel Lives are varied, about sixty in number, and known as the Moralia (Moral Essays). They reflect his philosophy about living a good life, and provide a treasury of information concerning Greco-Roman society, traditions, ideals, ethics, and religion.
428.		Moralia, Volume XIV Plutarch Einarson, Benedict De Lacy, Phillip H. Plutarch (c. 45–120 CE) wrote on many subjects. His extant works other than the Parallel Lives are varied, about sixty in number, and known as the Moralia (Moral Essays). They reflect his philosophy about living a good life, and provide a treasury of information concerning Greco-Roman society, traditions, ideals, ethics, and religion.
		Moralia, Volume XV Plutarch Sandbach, F. H. Plutarch (c. 45–120 CE) wrote on many subjects. His extant works other than the Parallel Lives are varied, about sixty in number, and known as the Moralia (Moral Essays). They reflect his philosophy about living a good life, and provide a treasury of information concerning Greco-Roman society, traditions, ideals, ethics, and religion.
		How to Write History. The Dipsads. Saturnalia. Herodotus or Aetion. Zeuxis or Antiochus. A Slip of the Tongue in Greeting. Apology for the "Salaried Posts in Great Houses." Harmonides. A Conversation with Hesiod. The Scythian or The Consul. Hermotimus or Concerning the Sects. To One Who Said "You're a Prometheus in Words." The Ship or The Wishes Lucian Kilburn, K. Lucian (c. 120–190 CE), apprentice sculptor then traveling rhetorician, settled in Athens and developed an original brand of satire. Notable for the Attic purity and elegance of his Greek and for literary versatility, he is famous chiefly for the lively, cynical wit of the dialogues in which he satirizes human folly, superstition, and hypocrisy.
		Dialogues of the Dead. Dialogues of the Sea-Gods. Dialogues of the Gods. Dialogues of the Courtesans Lucian MacLeod, M. D. Lucian (c. 120–190 CE), apprentice sculptor then traveling rhetorician, settled in Athens and developed an original brand of satire. Notable for the Attic purity and elegance of his Greek and for literary versatility, he is famous chiefly for the lively, cynical wit of the dialogues in which he satirizes human folly, superstition, and hypocrisy.
		Soloecista. Lucius or The Ass. Amores. Halcyon. Demosthenes. Podagra. Ocypus. Cyniscus. Philopatris. Charidemus. Nero Lucian MacLeod, M. D. Lucian (c. 120–190 CE), apprentice sculptor then traveling rhetorician, settled in Athens and developed an original brand of satire. Notable for the Attic purity and elegance of his Greek and for literary versatility, he is famous chiefly for the lively, cynical wit of the dialogues in which he satirizes human folly, superstition, and hypocrisy.
		Jewish Antiquities, Volume VIII Josephus Feldman, Louis H. The major works of Josephus (c. 37–after 97 CE) are History of the Jewish War, from 170 BCE to his own time, and Jewish Antiquities, from creation to 66 CE. Also by him are an autobiographical Life and a treatise Against Apion.
		******* Minor Latin Poets II Duff, J. Wight and Duff, Arnold M. Aviano, Adriano, Floro, Nemesiano, Reposiano, Tiberiano, Fenice, e Rutilio Namatiano Works such as those of the mime-writer Publilius Syrus, who flourished c. 45 BCE, and Rutilius Namatianus, who gave a graphic account of his voyage from Rome to Gaul in 416 CE, represent the wide variety of theme that lends interest to Latin poetry produced during a period of four and a half centuries. *****
		Tetrabiblos Ptolemy Robbins, F. E. In Tetrabiblos, a core text in the history of astrology, the preeminent ancient astronomer Ptolemy (c. 100–178 CE) treats the practical use of astronomical knowledge: making predictions about individuals’ lives and the outcome of human affairs.
		Fables Babrius Phaedrus Perry, Ben Edwin Babrius’s humorous and pointed fables in Greek verse probably date from the first century CE. From the same period come the lively fables in Latin verse written by Phaedrus, which satirize social and political life in Augustan Rome.
		History of Animals, Volume I Aristotle Peck, A. L. Nearly all the works Aristotle (384–322 BCE) prepared for publication are lost; the priceless ones extant are lecture materials, notes, and memoranda (some are spurious). They can be categorized as: practical; logical; physical; metaphysical; on art; other; or fragments.
		History of Animals, Volume II Aristotle Peck, A. L. Nearly all the works Aristotle (384–322 BCE) prepared for publication are lost; the priceless ones extant are lecture materials, notes, and memoranda (some are spurious). They can be categorized as: practical; logical; physical; metaphysical; on art; other; or fragments.
		History of Animals, Volume III Aristotle Balme, D. M. Nearly all the works Aristotle (384–322 BCE) prepared for publication are lost; the priceless ones extant are lecture materials, notes, and memoranda (some are spurious). They can be categorized as: practical; logical; physical; metaphysical; on art; other; or fragments.
		Ennead, Volume I Plotinus Armstrong, A. H. Plotinus (204/5–270 CE) was the first and greatest of Neoplatonic philosophers. His writings were edited by his disciple Porphyry, who published them sometime between 301 and 305 CE in six sets of nine treatises each (Enneads), with a biography of his master in which he also explains his editorial principles.
		Ennead, Volume II Plotinus Armstrong, A. H. Plotinus (204/5–270 CE) was the first and greatest of Neoplatonic philosophers. His writings were edited by his disciple Porphyry, who published them sometime between 301 and 305 CE in six sets of nine treatises each (Enneads), with a biography of his master in which he also explains his editorial principles.
		Ennead, Volume III Plotinus Armstrong, A. H. Plotinus (204/5–270 CE) was the first and greatest of Neoplatonic philosophers. His writings were edited by his disciple Porphyry, who published them sometime between 301 and 305 CE in six sets of nine treatises each (Enneads), with a biography of his master in which he also explains his editorial principles.
		Ennead, Volume IV Plotinus Armstrong, A. H. Plotinus (204/5–270 CE) was the first and greatest of Neoplatonic philosophers. His writings were edited by his disciple Porphyry, who published them sometime between 301 and 305 CE in six sets of nine treatises each (Enneads), with a biography of his master in which he also explains his editorial principles.
		Ennead, Volume V Plotinus Armstrong, A. H. Plotinus (204/5–270 CE) was the first and greatest of Neoplatonic philosophers. His writings were edited by his disciple Porphyry, who published them sometime between 301 and 305 CE in six sets of nine treatises each (Enneads), with a biography of his master in which he also explains his editorial principles.
		Ennead, Volume VI Plotinus Armstrong, A. H. Plotinus (204/5–270 CE) was the first and greatest of Neoplatonic philosophers. His writings were edited by his disciple Porphyry, who published them sometime between 301 and 305 CE in six sets of nine treatises each (Enneads), with a biography of his master in which he also explains his editorial principles.
		On Animals, Volume I Aelian Scholfield, A. F. In On the Characteristics of Animals, Aelian (c. 170–after 230 CE) collects facts and fables about the animal kingdom and invites the reader to ponder contrasts between human and animal behavior.
		***** CICERONE Pro Caelio. De Provinciis Consularibus. Pro Balbo Edited by R. Gardner We know more of Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BCE), lawyer, orator, politician and philosopher, than of any other Roman. Besides much else, his work conveys the turmoil of his time, and the part he played in a period that saw the rise and fall of Julius Caesar in a tottering republic.
		On Animals, Volume II Aelian Scholfield, A. F. In On the Characteristics of Animals, Aelian (c. 170–after 230 CE) collects facts and fables about the animal kingdom and invites the reader to ponder contrasts between human and animal behavior.
		On Animals, Volume III Aelian Scholfield, A. F. In On the Characteristics of Animals, Aelian (c. 170–after 230 CE) collects facts and fables about the animal kingdom and invites the reader to ponder contrasts between human and animal behavior.
		**** SENECA Natural Questions I Corcoran, Thomas H. Seneca (c. 4–65 CE) devotes most of Naturales Quaestiones to celestial phenomena. In Book 1 he discusses fires in the atmosphere; in 2, lightning and thunder; in 3, bodies of water. Seneca’s method is to survey the theories of major authorities on the subject at hand, so his work is a guide to Greek and Roman thinking about the heavens.
		Selected Orations, Volume I Libanius Norman, A. F. Libanius (314–393 CE), who was one of the last great publicists and teachers of Greek paganism, has much to tell us about the tumultuous world of the fourth century CE. His works include Orations, the first of which is an autobiography, and Letters.
		Selected Orations, Volume II Libanius Norman, A. F. Libanius (314–393 CE), who was one of the last great publicists and teachers of Greek paganism, has much to tell us about the tumultuous world of the fourth century CE. His works include Orations, the first of which is an autobiography, and Letters.
		**** APULEIO Metamorphoses (The Golden Ass) II Hanson, J. Arthur The Metamorphoses (The Golden Ass) of Apuleius (born c. 125 CE) is a romance combining realism and magic. Lucius wants the sensations of a bird, but by pharmaceutical accident becomes an ass. The bulk of the novel recounts his adventures as an animal, but Lucius also recounts many stories he overhears, including that of Cupid and Psyche.
		History of the Empire, Volume I Herodian Whittaker, C. R. The History of Herodian (born c. 178–179 CE) is one of the few literary historical sources for the period of the Roman empire from the death of the emperor Marcus Aurelius (180 CE) to the accession of Gordian III (238), a period in which we can see turbulence and the onset of revolution.
		History of the Empire, Volume II Herodian Whittaker, C. R. The History of Herodian (born c. 178–179 CE) is one of the few literary historical sources for the period of the Roman empire from the death of the emperor Marcus Aurelius (180 CE) to the accession of Gordian III (238), a period in which we can see turbulence and the onset of revolution.
		Jewish Antiquities, Volume IX Josephus Feldman, Louis H. The major works of Josephus (c. 37–after 97 CE) are History of the Jewish War, from 170 BCE to his own time, and Jewish Antiquities, from creation to 66 CE. Also by him are an autobiographical Life and a treatise Against Apion.
		***** SENECA "Natural Questions", II Corcoran, Thomas H. Seneca (c. 4–65 CE) devotes most of Naturales Quaestiones to celestial phenomena. In Book 1 he discusses fires in the atmosphere; in 2, lightning and thunder; in 3, bodies of water. Seneca’s method is to survey the theories of major authorities on the subject at hand, so his work is a guide to Greek and Roman thinking about the heavens.
		Apollonius of Tyana, Volume III Philostratus Jones, Christopher P. In his Life of Apollonius, Philostratus (second to third century CE) portrays a first-century CE teacher, religious reformer, and perceived rival to Jesus. Apollonius’s letters, ancient reports about him, and a letter by Eusebius (fourth century CE) that is now central to the history of Philostratus’s work add to the portrait.
		Heros. Theophoroumene. Karchedonios. Kitharistes. Kolax. Koneiazomenai. Leukadia. Misoumenos. Perikeiromene. Perinthia Menander Arnott, W. G. Menander (?344/3–292/1 BCE), the dominant figure in New Comedy, wrote over 100 plays, of which one complete play, substantial portions of six others, and smaller but interesting fragments have been recovered. The complete play, Dyskolos (The Peevish Fellow), won first prize in Athens in 317 BCE.
		Samia. Sikyonioi. Synaristosai. Phasma. Unidentified Fragments Menander Arnott, W. G. Menander (?344/3–292/1 BCE), the dominant figure in New Comedy, wrote over 100 plays, of which one complete play, substantial portions of six others, and smaller but interesting fragments have been recovered. The complete play, Dyskolos (The Peevish Fellow), won first prize in Athens in 317 BCE.
		Greek Lyric, Volume IV Campbell, David A. Bacchylides Corinna Bacchylides wrote masterful choral poetry of many types. Other fifth-century BCE lyricists included Myrtis, Telesilla of Argos, Timocreon of Rhodes, Charixena, Diagoras of Melos, Ion of Chios, Praxilla of Sicyon. More of Boeotian Corinna’s (third-century BCE?) poetry survives than that of any other Greek woman poet except Sappho.
		**** CICERONE Letters to Quintus and Brutus Shackleton Bailey, D. R. The correspondence of Cicero (106–43 BCE) with his brother, Quintus, and with Brutus is a window onto their world. Two invective speeches linked with Cicero are probably anonymous exercises. The Letter to Octavian likely dates from the third or fourth century CE. The Handbook of Electioneering was said to be written by Quintus to Cicero.
		***** SENECA IL VECCHIO Declamations I Winterbottom, Michael Seneca the Elder (?55 BCE–40 CE) collected ten books devoted to controversiae (some only preserved in excerpt) and at least one (surviving) of suasoriae. Extracts from famous declaimers of Seneca’s illuminate influences on the styles of most pagan (and many Christian) writers of the Empire.
		SENECA IL VECCHIO Declamations II Winterbottom, Michael Seneca the Elder (?55 BCE–40 CE) collected ten books devoted to controversiae (some only preserved in excerpt) and at least one (surviving) of suasoriae. Extracts from famous declaimers of Seneca’s illuminate influences on the styles of most pagan (and many Christian) writers of the Empire.
		Critical Essays, Volume I: Ancient Orators. Lysias. Isocrates. Isaeus. Demosthenes. Thucydides Dionysius of Halicarnassus Usher, Stephen Dionysius of Halicarnassus, born c. 60 BCE, aimed in his critical essays to reassert the primacy of Greek as the literary language of the Mediterranean world. They constitute an important development from the somewhat mechanical techniques of rhetorical handbooks to more sensitive criticism of individual authors.
		"Critical Essays", Volume II: "On Literary Composition". Dinarchus. Letters to Ammaeus and Pompeius Dionysius of Halicarnassus Usher, Stephen Dionisio d'Alicarnasso, born c. 60 BCE, aimed in his critical essays to reassert the primacy of Greek as the literary language of the Mediterranean world. They constitute an important development from the somewhat mechanical techniques of rhetorical handbooks to more sensitive criticism of individual authors. *********** CORNELIO NEPOTE
		On Great Generals. On Historians Edited by J. C. Rolfe. Cornelius Nepos (c. 99–c. 24 BCE) is the earliest biographer in Latin whose work we have. Extant are parts of his "De Viris Illustribus", including biographies of mostly Greek military commanders and of two Latin historians, Cato and Atticus.
		**** PLOTINO Ennead VI Armstrong, A. H. Plotinus (204/5–270 CE) was the first and greatest of Neoplatonic philosophers. His writings were edited by his disciple Porphyry, who published them sometime between 301 and 305 CE in six sets of nine treatises each (Enneads), with a biography of his master in which he also explains his editorial principles.
		*************** MANILIO Astronomica Edited by G. P. Goold. In Astronomica (first century CE), the earliest extant treatise we have on astrology, Manilius provides an account of celestial phenomena and the signs of the Zodiac. He also gives witty character sketches of persons born under particular constellations.
		******* Moralia, Volume XIII Plutarch Cherniss, Harold Plutarch (c. 45–120 CE) wrote on many subjects. His extant works other than the Parallel Lives are varied, about sixty in number, and known as the Moralia (Moral Essays). They reflect his philosophy about living a good life, and provide a treasury of information concerning Greco-Roman society, traditions, ideals, ethics, and religion.
		De Causis Plantarum, Volume I Theophrastus Einarson, Benedict Link, George K. K. Enquiry into Plants and De Causis Plantarum by Theophrastus (c. 370–c. 285 BCE) are a counterpart to Aristotle’s zoological work and the most important botanical work of antiquity now extant. In the latter, Theophrastus turns to plant physiology. Books 1 and 2 are concerned with generation, sprouting, flowering and fruiting, and the effects of climate.
		Affections. Diseases 1. Diseases 2 Hippocrates Potter, Paul Of the roughly seventy treatises in the Hippocratic Collection, many are not by Hippocrates (said to have been born in Cos in or before 460 BCE), but they are essential sources of information about the practice of medicine in antiquity and about Greek theories concerning the human body, and he was undeniably the “Father of Medicine.”
		Diseases 3. Internal Affections. Regimen in Acute Diseases Hippocrates Potter, Paul Of the roughly seventy treatises in the Hippocratic Collection, many are not by Hippocrates (said to have been born in Cos in or before 460 BCE), but they are essential sources of information about the practice of medicine in antiquity and about Greek theories concerning the human body, and he was undeniably the “Father of Medicine.”
		De Causis Plantarum, Volume II Theophrastus Einarson, Benedict Link, George K. K. Enquiry into Plants and De Causis Plantarum by Theophrastus (c. 370–c. 285 BCE) are a counterpart to Aristotle’s zoological work and the most important botanical work of antiquity now extant. In the latter, Theophrastus turns to plant physiology. In Books 3 and 4, Theophrastus studies cultivation and agricultural methods.
		De Causis Plantarum, Volume III Theophrastus Einarson, Benedict Link, George K. K. Enquiry into Plants and De Causis Plantarum by Theophrastus (c. 370–c. 285 BCE) are a counterpart to Aristotle’s zoological work and the most important botanical work of antiquity now extant. In the latter, Theophrastus turns to plant physiology. In Books 5 and 6, he discusses plant breeding; diseases and other causes of death; and distinctive flavours and odours.
		Greek Lyric, Volume III Campbell, David A. Stesichorus Ibycus Simonides The most important poets writing in Greek in the sixth century BCE came from Sicily and southern Italy. They included Stesichorus, Ibycus, and Simonides, as well as Arion, Lasus, and Pratinas.
		Epidemics 2, 4-7 Hippocrates Smith, Wesley D. Of the roughly seventy treatises in the Hippocratic Collection, many are not by Hippocrates (said to have been born in Cos in or before 460 BCE), but they are essential sources of information about the practice of medicine in antiquity and about Greek theories concerning the human body, and he was undeniably the “Father of Medicine.”
		************** Autobiography and Selected Letters, Volume I Libanius Norman, A. F. Libanius (314–393 CE), who was one of the last great publicists and teachers of Greek paganism, has much to tell us about the tumultuous world of the fourth century CE. His works include Orations, the first of which is an autobiography, and Letters.
		Autobiography and Selected Letters, Volume II Libanius Norman, A. F. Libanius (314–393 CE), who was one of the last great publicists and teachers of Greek paganism, has much to tell us about the tumultuous world of the fourth century CE. His works include Orations, the first of which is an autobiography, and Letters. ***************** ***** MARZIALE
		Epigrams III Shackleton Bailey, D. R. In his epigrams, Marziale (c. 40–c. 103 CE) is a keen, sharp-tongued observer of Roman scenes and events, including the new Colosseum, country life, a debauchee’s banquet, and the eruption of Vesuvio. His poems are sometimes obscene, in the tradition of the genre, sometimes affectionate or amusing, and always pointed.
		Callirhoe Chariton Goold, G. P. Chariton’s Callirhoe, subtitled “Love Story in Syracuse,” is a fast-paced historical romance of the first century CE and the oldest extant novel.
		Places in Man. Glands. Fleshes. Prorrhetic 1-2. Physician. Use of Liquids. Ulcers. Haemorrhoids and Fistulas Hippocrates Potter, Paul Of the roughly seventy treatises in the Hippocratic Collection, many are not by Hippocrates (said to have been born in Cos in or before 460 BCE), but they are essential sources of information about the practice of medicine in antiquity and about Greek theories concerning the human body, and he was undeniably the “Father of Medicine.”
		Fragments Sophocles Lloyd-Jones, Hugh Sophocles (497/6–406 BCE), considered one of the world’s greatest poets, forged tragedy from the heroic excess of myth and legend. Seven complete plays are extant, including Oedipus Tyrannus, Ajax, Antigone, and Philoctetes. Among many fragments that also survive is a substantial portion of the satyr drama The Searchers.
		Children of Heracles. Hippolytus. Andromache. Hecuba Euripides Kovacs, David Euripides (c. 485–406 BCE) has been prized in every age for his emotional and intellectual drama. Eighteen of his ninety or so plays survive complete, including Medea, Hippolytus, and Bacchae, one of the great masterpieces of the tragic genre. Fragments of his lost plays also survive.
		Nemean Odes. Isthmian Odes. Fragments Pindar Race, William H. Pindar (c. 518–438 BCE), highly esteemed as lyric poet by the ancients, commemorates in complex verse the achievements of athletes and powerful rulers at the four great Panhellenic festivals—the Olympic, Pythian, Nemean, and Isthmian games—against a backdrop of divine favor, human failure, heroic legend, and aristocratic Greek ethos.
		Historical Miscellany Aelian Wilson, Nigel G. Aelian’s Historical Miscellany (Varia Historia) is a pleasurable example of light reading for Romans of the early third century. Offering engaging anecdotes about historical figures, retellings of legendary events, and enjoyable descriptive pieces, Aelian’s collection of nuggets and narratives appealed to a wide reading public.
		The Jewish War II Josephus Thackeray, H. St. J. The major works of Josephus (c. 37–after 97 CE) are History of the Jewish War, from 170 BCE to his own time, and Jewish Antiquities, from creation to 66 CE. Also by him are an autobiographical Life and a treatise Against Apion.
		Clouds. Wasps. Peace Aristophanes Henderson, Jeffrey Aristophanes (c. 450–c. 386 BCE) has been admired since antiquity for his wit, fantasy, language, and satire. Socrates’s “Thinkery” is at the center of Clouds, which spoofs untraditional techniques for educating young men. Wasps satirizes Athenian enthusiasm for jury service. Peace is a rollicking attack on war-makers.
		Jewish Antiquities, Volume VI: Books 14-15 Josephus Marcus, Ralph Wikgren, Allen The major works of Josephus (c. 37–after 97 CE) are History of the Jewish War, from 170 BCE to his own time, and Jewish Antiquities, from creation to 66 CE. Also by him are an autobiographical Life and a treatise Against Apion.
		Jewish Antiquities, Volume II: Books 4-6 Josephus Thackeray, H. St. J. Marcus, Ralph The major works of Josephus (c. 37–after 97 CE) are History of the Jewish War, from 170 BCE to his own time, and Jewish Antiquities, from creation to 66 CE. Also by him are an autobiographical Life and a treatise Against Apion.
		************** CICERONE Letters to Attico IV Shackleton Bailey, D. R. In letters to his friend Attico, Cicerone (106–43 BC) reveals himself as to no other of his correspondents except, perhaps, his brother, and vividly depicts a momentous period in Roman history, marked by the rise of Giulio Cesare and the downfall of the Republic. ******************* VALERIO MASSIMO
		Memorable Doings and Sayings I Shackleton Bailey, D. R. Valerius Maximus compiled his handbook of notable deeds and sayings in the reign of Tiberius (14–37 CE). Valerius’s professedly practical work contains a clear moral element and is informative about first-century CE Roman attitudes toward religion and morality. ************ VALERIO MASSIMO
		Memorable Doings and Sayings II Edited by D. R. Shackleton Bailey. Valerio Massimo compiled his handbook of notable deeds and sayings in the reign of Tiberio (14–37 CE). Valerius’s professedly practical work contains a clear moral element and is informative about first-century CE Roman attitudes toward religion and morality.
		"The Orator's Education" V Quintiliano Russell, Donald A. Quintilian, born in Spain about 35 A. D., became a renowned and successful teacher of rhetoric in Rome. In The Orator’s Education (Institutio Oratoria), a comprehensive training program in twelve books, he draws on his own rich experience. It provides not only insights on oratory, but also a picture of Roman education and social attitudes.
		Bacchae. Iphigenia at Aulis. Rhesus Euripides Kovacs, David Euripides (c. 485–406 BCE) has been prized in every age for his emotional and intellectual drama. Eighteen of his ninety or so plays survive complete, including Medea, Hippolytus, and Bacchae, one of the great masterpieces of the tragic genre. Fragments of his lost plays also survive.
		Homeric Hymns. Homeric Apocrypha. Lives of Homer West, Martin L. The earliest poems extant under the title Homeric Hymns date from the seventh century BCE. Comic poems in the Homeric Apocrypha include the Battle of Frogs and Mice (probably not earlier than first century CE). Lives of Homer include a version of The Contest of Homer and Hesiod that dates from the second century BCE.
		Greek Epic Fragments: From the Seventh to the Fifth Centuries BC West, Martin L. Heroic epic of the eighth to the fifth century BCE includes poems about Hercules and Theseus, as well as the Theban Cycle and the Trojan Cycle. Genealogical epic of that archaic era includes poems that create prehistories for Corinth and Samos. These works are an important source of mythological record. *********** STAZIO
		Thebaid II Achilleid Shackleton Bailey, D. R. Greek literary education and Roman political reality are evident in the poetry of Stazio (c. 50–96 CE). His "Silvae" are thirty-two occasional poems. His masterpiece, the epic Thebaid, recounts the struggle for kingship between the two sons of Oedipus. The extant portion of his Achilleid begins an account of Achilles’s life.
		Moralia, XVI Plutarch O'Neil, Edward N. Plutarch (c. 45–120 CE) wrote on many subjects. His extant works other than the Parallel Lives are varied, about sixty in number, and known as the Moralia (Moral Essays). They reflect his philosophy about living a good life, and provide a treasury of information concerning Greco-Roman society, traditions, ideals, ethics, and religion. ****** QUINTILIANO
		The Lesser Declamations I Shackleton Bailey, D. R. The Lesser Declamations perhaps date from the second century CE and are perhaps derived from Quintilian. The collection originally consisted of 388 sample cases for legal training. 145 survive. Comments and suggestions the instructor adds to his model speeches for fictitious court cases offer insight into Roman law and education. ************ QUINTILIANO
		The Lesser Declamations II D. R. Shackleton Bailey. The Lesser Declamations perhaps date from the second century A. D. and are perhaps derived from Quintilian. The collection originally consisted of 388 sample cases for legal training. 145 survive. Comments and suggestions the instructor adds to his model speeches for fictitious court cases offer insight into Roman law and education.
		***** ARISTOFANE Fragments Henderson, Jeffrey Aristophanes (c. 450–c. 386 BCE) has been admired since antiquity for his wit, fantasy, language, and satire. Over forty of his plays were read in antiquity, from which nearly a thousand fragments survive. These provide a fuller picture of the poet’s comic vitality and a wealth of information and insights about his world.
		The Shield. Catalogue of Women. Other Fragments Hesiod Most, Glenn W. Though attributed to Hesiod (eighth or seventh century BCE) in antiquity, the Catalogue of Women, a presentation of legendary Greek heroes and episodes according to maternal genealogy; The Shield, a counterpoint to the Iliadic shield of Achilles; and certain poems that survive as fragments were likely not composed by Hesiod himself.
		Fragments: Aegeus-Meleager Euripides Collard, Christopher Cropp, Martin Euripides (c. 485–406 BCE) has been prized in every age for his emotional and intellectual drama. Eighteen of his ninety or so plays survive complete, including Medea, Hippolytus, and Bacchae, one of the great masterpieces of the tragic genre. Fragments of his lost plays also survive.
		Fragments Aeschylus Sommerstein, Alan H. Aeschylus (c. 525–456 BCE) is the dramatist who made Athenian tragedy one of the world’s great art forms. Seven of his eighty or so plays survive complete, including the Oresteia trilogy and the Persians, the only extant Greek historical drama. Fragments of his lost plays also survive.
		Fragments: Oedipus-Chrysippus. Other Fragments Euripide Collard, Christopher Cropp, Martin Euripides (c. 485–406 BCE) has been prized in every age for his emotional and intellectual drama. Eighteen of his ninety or so plays survive complete, including Medea, Hippolytus, and Bacchae, one of the great masterpieces of the tragic genre. Fragments of his lost plays also survive.
		********************* CICERONE FILIPPICHE II Shackleton Bailey, D. R. We know more of Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BC), lawyer, orator, politician and philosopher, than of any other Roman. Besides much else, his work conveys the turmoil of his time, and the part he played in a period that saw the rise and fall of Julius Caesar in a tottering republic. Le Filippiche sono le 14 orazioni che nel 44 e nel 43 a.C Marco Tullio Cicerone pronunciò contro Marco Antoni. Prendono il nome dalle Filippiche che l'oratore greco Demostene pronunciò nel IV secolo a.C. contro Filippo II di Macedonia, padre di Alessandro Magno. Le orazioni di Cicerone sono volutamente modellate su quelle di Demostene. Ad esse si avvicinano per il vigore e l’impeto polemico e per l’ardore appassionato con cui l’oratore s’impegna con tutte le sue forze in una lotta mortale. Dopo l'assassinio di Cesare e di fronte al potere che Antonio andava acquistando all'interno dello Stato, Cicerone iniziò una violenta campagna denigratoria contro di lui, appoggiando allo stesso tempo il figlio adottivo di Cesare, Ottaviano. Quando però quest'ultimo si alleò con Antonio e Marco Emilio Lepido nel cosiddetto Secondo triumvirato, Cicerone fu punito per i suoi attacchi: raggiunto da dei sicari, fu ucciso. La sua testa e le sue mani furono poi esposti al popolo come monito.
		Hellenistic Collection: Philitas. Alexander of Aetolia. Hermesianax. Euphorion. Partheniu Lightfoot, J. L. Works by authors such as Philitas of Cos, Alexander of Aetolia, Hermesianax of Colophon, Euphorion of Chalcis and, especially, Parthenius of Nicaea, who composed the mythograpical Sufferings in Love, represent rich inventiveness in Hellenistic prose and poetry from the fourth to the first century BCE.
		Coan Prenotions. Anatomical and Minor Clinical Writing Hippocrates Potter, Paul Of the roughly seventy treatises in the Hippocratic Collection, many are not by Hippocrates (said to have been born in Cos in or before 460 BCE), but they are essential sources of information about the practice of medicine in antiquity and about Greek theories concerning the human body, and he was undeniably the “Father of Medicine.” ***** MACROBIO
		Saturnalia I Kaster, Robert A. Macrobio’s Saturnalia, an encyclopedic celebration of Roman culture written in the early fifth century CE, has been prized since the Renaissance as a treasure trove of otherwise unattested lore. Cast in the form of a dialogue it treats diverse topics while showcasing Virgil as master of all human knowledge, from diction to religion. *************** MACROBIO
		Saturnalia II Kaster, Robert A. Macrobius’s Saturnalia, an encyclopedic celebration of Roman culture written in the early fifth century CE, has been prized since the Renaissance as a treasure trove of otherwise unattested lore. Cast in the form of a dialogue, it treats diverse topics while showcasing Virgil as master of all human knowledge, from diction to religion. ******************************************************
		MACROBIO "Saturnalia" III Edited by Robert A. Kaster Macrobio’s "Saturnalia", an encyclopedic celebration of Roman culture written in the early fifth century A. D., has been prized since the Renaissance as a treasure trove of otherwise unattested lore. Cast in the form of a dialogue, it treats diverse topics while showcasing Virgilio as master of all human knowledge, from diction to religion.
		******************* Fragments of Old Comedy I Storey, Ian C. The era of Old Comedy (c. 485–c. 380 BCE), when theatrical comedy was created and established, is best known through the extant plays of Aristophanes. But the work of many other poets, including Cratinus and Eupolis, the other members, with Aristophanes, of the canonical Old Comic Triad, survives in fragments.
		****** Fragments of Old Comedy II Storey, Ian C. The era of Old Comedy (c. 485–c. 380 BCE), when theatrical comedy was created and established, is best known through the extant plays of Aristophanes. But the work of many other poets, including Cratinus and Eupolis, the other members, with Aristophanes, of the canonical Old Comic Triad, survives in fragments.
		***** Fragments of Old Comedy III Storey, Ian C. The era of Old Comedy (c. 485–c. 380 BC), when theatrical comedy was created and established, is best known through the extant plays of Aristophanes. But the work of many other poets, including Cratinus and Eupolis, the other members, with Aristophanes, of the canonical Old Comic Triad, survives in fragments.
		**** GALENO Method of Medicine I Johnston, Ian & Horsley, G. H. R. In Method of Medicine, Galen (129–199 CE) provides a comprehensive and influential account of the principles of treating injury and disease. Enlivening the detailed case studies are many theoretical and polemical discussions, acute social commentary, and personal reflections.
		************ GALENO Method of Medicine, Volume II Johnston, Ian Horsley, G. H. R. In Method of Medicine, Galen (129–199 CE) provides a comprehensive and influential account of the principles of treating injury and disease. Enlivening the detailed case studies are many theoretical and polemical discussions, acute social commentary, and personal reflections.
		************** GALENO Method of Medicine, Volume III: Books 10-14 Johnston, Ian Edited by G. H. R. Horsley In Method of Medicine, Galen (129–199 CE) provides a comprehensive and influential account of the principles of treating injury and disease. Enlivening the detailed case studies are many theoretical and polemical discussions, acute social commentary, and personal reflections.
		********************************************** ATENEO. "The Learned Banqueters", Volume VIII: Book 15. General Indexes Olson, S. Douglas In The Learned Banqueters, Atheneo describes a series of dinner parties at which the guests quote extensively from Greek literature. The work (which dates to the very end of the second century AD) is amusing reading and of extraordinary value as a treasury of quotations from works now lost.
		***************************************************** IPPOCRATE "Generation". "Nature of the Child". "Diseases" 4. "Nature of Women and Barrenness" Edited by Paul Potter This volume, the tenth of Hippocrates’ invaluable texts on the practice of medicine in antiquity, provides essential information about human reproduction and reproductive disorders and expounds a general theory of physiology and pathology, in five Greek treatises presented with facing English translation.
		******************************************************** FILOSTRATO "Eroico", "Ginnastico", "Discourses" 1 and 2 Edited by J. Rusten and J. Koenig Filostrato’s writings embody the height of the renaissance of Greek literature in the second century A. D.. L'eroico is a vineyard conversation about the beauty, continuing powers, and worship of the Homeric heroes. Gymnastico is the sole surviving ancient treatise on sports, which reshapes conventional ideas about the athletic body. Essendo l'unico antico trattato sull'agonistica e l'educazione fisica giunto fino a noi, su questi argomenti è ricco di informazioni non ricavabili da altre fonti. Flavio Filostrato descrive sia le gare olimpiche, la loro storia, sia le doti necessarie all'atleta e i sistemi utili per conservarle e accrescerle.