Monday, February 22, 2016

THE HATEFUL EIGHT

Speranza


The Hateful Eight
The Hateful Eight.jpg
Theatrical release poster
Directed byQuentin Tarantino
Produced by
Written byQuentin Tarantino
Starring
Music byEnnio Morricone
CinematographyRobert Richardson
Edited byFred Raskin
Production
company
Distributed byThe Weinstein Company
Release dates
  • December 8, 2015(Cinerama Dome premiere)
  • December 25, 2015(United States)
Running time
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$44 million[3]
Box office$145.3 million[3]
The Hateful Eight is a 2015 American Western mystery film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino. It stars Samuel L. Jackson, Kurt Russell,Jennifer Jason Leigh, Walton Goggins, Demián Bichir, Tim Roth, Michael Madsen, and Bruce Dern as eight strangers who seek refuge from a blizzard in a stagecoach stopover some time after the American Civil War.
Tarantino announced the film in November 2013, stating it had originally started as a novel and sequel to Django Unchained. After the script leakedin January 2014, he cancelled the film, but announced that he had changed his mind after directing a live reading of the script at the United Artists Theater in Los Angeles. Filming began on December 8, 2014, near Telluride, Colorado. The score, composed by Ennio Morricone, was his first complete Western score in 35 years.
Distributed by The Weinstein Company in the United States, The Hateful Eight was released on December 25, 2015, in a roadshow release in 70 mm film and had a wide digital release on December 30, 2015. Reviews were generally positive, praising the cast's performances, Morricone's score, Tarantino's direction and writing, and the cinematography. Morricone won a Golden Globe and the film has received three Academy Awardnominations for Best Supporting Actress (Leigh), Best Original Score (Morricone), and Best Cinematography (Robert Richardson) at the upcoming ceremony.

Plot[edit]

Years after the Civil War, bounty hunter Major Marquis Warren is transporting three dead bounties to the town of Red Rock, Wyoming and hitches a ride on a stagecoach trying to stay ahead of a blizzard driven by a man named O.B. Inside is bounty hunter John Ruth, aka 'The Hangman', known for bringing in outlaws alive to see them hang. Ruth is handcuffed to fugitive Daisy Domergue, whom he is escorting to Red Rock, Wyoming, and is suspicious of anyone who might steal her to get the substantial bounty. The two bounty hunters bond over Warren's personal letter fromAbraham Lincoln.
Former Lost-Causer militiaman Chris Mannix, who claims he is travelling to Red Rock to be the town's new sheriff, persuades Ruth and Warren to let him on the stagecoach. Warren and Ruth form an alliance to protect each other's bounties. Mannix and Warren almost come to blows over their controversial war records.
The group is forced to seek refuge from a powerful blizzard at Minnie's Haberdashery, a stagecoach lodge. They are greeted by Bob, a Mexican who says owner Minnie is visiting her mother and left him in charge. The other lodgers are Oswaldo Mobray, a hangman; Joe Gage, a quiet cowboy travelling to visit his mother; and Sanford Smithers, a former Confederate general. Suspicious, Ruth disarms all but Warren.
As the group eats, Mannix surmises that Warren's Lincoln letter is a forgery. Warren admits this, saying the letter buys him leeway with whites, outraging Ruth. Warren leaves a gun next to Smithers and provokes him into reaching for it by telling Smithers he ostensibly tortured, humiliated and killed Smithers' son. Warren shoots him first in lawful self-defense, in revenge for Smithers executing black soldiers at the Battle of Baton Rouge.
While everyone is distracted by the confrontation, someone seen only by Daisy Domergue poisons the brewing coffee. Ruth and O.B. drink it, vomit blood, and collapse. The dying Ruth attacks Daisy Domergue, but she kills him with his own gun. Warren disarms Daisy, holds the men at gunpoint and leaves her cuffed to Ruth's corpse. Warren is joined by Mannix, whom Warren trusts because he nearly drank the poisoned coffee.
Warren deduces Bob is an impostor and killed the original lodge owners and executes him. However, Bob had an alibi for the poisoning as he was playing the piano. When Warren threatens to execute Daisy, Gage admits he is the poisoner. A man hiding in the cellar shoots Warren in the groin. Mobray draws a concealed gun and shoots Mannix, who returns fire, wounding Mobray and forcing Gage against the wall.
Earlier that day, Bob, Mobray, Gage, and a fourth man, Jody Domergue (Daisy's brother), arrive at Minnie's Haberdashery and kill everyone but General Smithers. Jody Domergue tells Smithers they plan to ambush Ruth to rescue Daisy Domergue, Jody's sister, and that his gang will spare Smithers if Smithers keeps quiet, as an extra lodger will make the setup more believable. The bandits dispose of the bodies, hide the evidence, and conceal guns around the lodge. As Ruth's stagecoach arrives, Jody hides in the cellar.
Mannix and Warren, both seriously wounded, hold Daisy Domergue, Gage, and the dying Mobray at gunpoint. They flush Jody out of the cellar by threatening to kill Daisy Domergue, and then Warren shoots and kills Jody Domergue. Daisy Domergue claims fifteen more of her brother's men are waiting in Red Rock to kill Mannix and ransack the town; if Mannix kills Warren and allows her to escape, the gang will spare him and let him claim the bounties of the deceased.
As Daisy Domergue and Mobray taunt Warren, Warren shoots Daisy in the foot, then Mobray in the leg, who eventually dies from his wounds. Gage draws a hidden revolver but is shot dead by Mannix and Warren, who then tries to shoot Daisy but is out of bullets. Mannix calls Daisy Domergue's bluff and rejects her alliance, but faints from blood loss. Daisy hacks off Ruth's handcuffed arm and frees herself. As she reaches for a gun, Mannix regains consciousness, shoots, and wounds her. Warren persuades Mannix to hang her from the rafters in honor of Ruth. Afterward, as the two lie dying, Mannix reads aloud Warren's Lincoln letter.

Cast[edit]

Main characters
Supporting characters

Production[edit]

In November 2013, writer-director Quentin Tarantino said he was working on a new film, another Western. He stated that it would not be a sequel to Django Unchained,[5] though he later admitted that his first attempt at the story was as a Django sequel in novel form titled Django in White Hell, but he quickly realized that Django's character did not fit the story.[6] On January 12, 2014, the film's title was announced as The Hateful Eight.[7] The film was inspired by 1960s Western TV shows including Bonanza, The Virginian and The High Chaparral. Tarantino said:
Twice per season, those shows would have an episode where a bunch of outlaws would take the lead characters hostage. They would come to the Ponderosa and hold everybody hostage, or go to Judge Garth's place — Lee J. Cobb played him — in The Virginian and take hostages. There would be a guest star like David Carradine, Darren McGavin, Claude Akins, Robert Culp, Charles Bronson, or James Coburn. I don't like that storyline in a modern context, but I love it in a Western, where you would pass halfway through the show to find out if they were good or bad guys, and they all had a past that was revealed. I thought, 'What if I did a movie starring nothing but those characters? No heroes, no Michael Landons. Just a bunch of nefarious guys in a room, all telling backstories that may or may not be true. Trap those guys together in a room with a blizzard outside, give them guns, and see what happens.[8]
The Hateful Eight Live Reading at the Ace Hotel Los Angeles, as part ofLACMA's Live Read series, on April 19, 2014
Production would most likely have begun in mid 2014, but after the script leaked online in January 2014, Tarantino considered publishing it as a novel instead.[9] He said he had given the script to a few trusted colleagues, including Bruce Dern, Tim Roth, and Michael Madsen.[10][11] This version of the script featured a different ending in which Warren and Mannix attempt to kill Gage by forcing him to drink the poisoned coffee, sparking a firefight in which every character is killed.[12] Tarantino described his vision for the character of Daisy Domergue as a "Susan Atkins of the Wild West".[13]
On April 19, 2014, Tarantino directed a live reading of the leaked script at the United Artists Theater in the Ace Hotel Los Angeles. The event was organized by the Film Independent at Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) as part of the Live Read series and introduced by Elvis Mitchell.[14]Tarantino explained that they would read the first draft of the script, and he added that he was writing two new drafts with a different ending. The actors who joined Tarantino included Samuel L. Jackson, Kurt Russell, Amber Tamblyn, James Parks, Walton Goggins, Zoë Bell, James Remar, Dana Gourrier, Dern, Roth and Madsen.[15]

Casting[edit]

On September 23, 2014, it was revealed that Viggo Mortensen was asking Tarantino for a role in the film.[16] On October 9, 2014, Jennifer Jason Leighwas added to the cast to play Daisy Domergue.[17] On November 5, 2014, it was announced that Channing Tatum was eyeing a major role in the film.[18] Later the same day, The Weinstein Company confirmed the cast in a press release, which would include Samuel L. Jackson, Leigh, Kurt Russell, Tim Roth, Demián Bichir, Walton Goggins, Michael Madsen, and Bruce Dern. Tatum's casting was also confirmed.[19] Later on January 23, 2015, TWC announced an ensemble cast of supporting members, including James Parks, Dana Gourrier, Zoë Bell, Gene Jones, Keith Jefferson, Lee Horsley, Craig Stark, and Belinda Owino.[20]
In the earlier public reading of the first script, the role of Daisy Domergue had been read by Amber Tamblyn, and the role of Bob, a Frenchman rather than a Mexican, was read by Denis Ménochet;[15] at the reading, the role of Jody was read by James Remar. Regarding the cast, Tarantino has said, "This is a movie where [bigger movie stars] wouldn’t work. It needs to be an ensemble where nobody is more important than anybody else."[21]

Filming[edit]

Shooting was set to begin in early 2015, after being pushed back from November 2014.[22] In early September, the filming was set to begin in January 2015.[23] On September 26, 2014, the state of Colorado had signed to fund the film's production with $5 million, and the complete film would be shot in Southwest Colorado.[24] A 900-acre ranch was issued to the production for the filming. There was a meeting on October 16, and the county's planning commission used a permit for the construction of a temporary set.[24] Principal photography began on December 8, 2014, in Colorado on the Schmid Ranch near Telluride.[25][26][27][28] The film's special make-up effects were created by Greg Nicotero, known for his work on the AMC series The Walking Dead.[29]

Guitar incident[edit]

The guitar destroyed by Kurt Russell's character was not a prop but an authentic 1870s antique Martin guitar loaned by the Martin Guitar Museum. According to sound producer Mark Ulano, the guitar was supposed to have been switched with a copy to be destroyed, but this was not communicated to Russell; everyone on the set was "pretty freaked out" at the guitar's destruction, and Leigh's reaction was genuine, though "Tarantino was in a corner of the room with a funny curl on his lips, because he got something out of it with the performance."[30] Museum director Dick Boak said that the museum was not told that script included a scene that called for a guitar being smashed, and after receiving the broken sections determined that it was irreparable. The insurance remunerated the purchase value of the guitar but not the actual value. As a result of the incident, the museum will no longer loan guitars to film productions.[31]

Cinematography[edit]

Cinematographer Robert Richardson, who also worked with Tarantino in Kill Bill, Inglourious Basterds, and Django Unchained, filmed The Hateful Eight on 65 mm film, using Ultra Panavision 70and Kodak VISION 3 film stocks: 5219, 5207, 5213 and 5203. It is the widest release in 70 mm film since Ron Howard's Far and Away in 1992.[32] The film uses Panavision anamorphic lenseswith an aspect ratio of 2.76:1, a very widescreen image that was used on some films in the 1950s and 1960s.[33] The filmmakers also avoided any use of a digital intermediate; the film was color-timed photochemically by FotoKem, and the dailies were screened in 70mm.[34]

Post-production[edit]

Tarantino edited two versions of the film, one for the roadshow version and the other for general release. The roadshow version runs for three hours and two minutes, and includes an overture and intermission, while the general release is six minutes shorter and contains alternate takes of some scenes. Tarantino stated that the general release cut was created as he felt that some of the footage he shot for 70mm would not play well on smaller screens.[35] Classifications from the British Board of Film Classification confirm that the time difference between the Roadshow (187 minutes) and the DCP (167 minutes) releases is twenty minutes.[1][2]

Music[edit]

Main article: The Hateful Eight (soundtrack)
Tarantino announced in 2015's Comic-Con that Ennio Morricone would compose the score for The Hateful Eight; it is the first western scored by Morricone in 34 years, since Buddy Goes West, and Tarantino's first film to use an original score.[36][37] Tarantino had previously used Morricone's music in Kill Bill, Death Proof, Inglourious Basterds, and Django Unchained, and Morricone also wrote an original song, "Ancora Qui", for the latter.[38] Morricone had previously made statements that he would "never work" with Tarantino after Django Unchained, but ultimately changed his mind and agreed to score The Hateful Eight.[39]
The soundtrack was announced on November 19, 2015 for a December 18 release from Decca Records. Ennio Morricone composed 50 minutes of original music for The Hateful Eight. In addition to Morricone's original score, the soundtrack includes dialogue excerpts from the film, "Apple Blossom" by The White Stripes from their De Stijl album, "Now You're All Alone" by David Hess from The Last House on the Left and "There Won't Be Many Coming Home" by Roy Orbison from The Fastest Guitar Alive.[40]
Tarantino confirmed that the film would use three unused tracks from Morricone's original soundtrack for the 1982 John Carpenter film The Thing - "Eternity", "Bestiality" and "Despair" - as Morricone was pressed for time while creating the score.[41] The final film also uses Morricone's "Regan's Theme" from the 1977 John Boorman film Exorcist II: The Heretic.
Morricone's score won several awards including a special award from New York Film Critics Circle. The score won a Golden Globe for Best Original Score.[42]
The acoustic song played by Leigh's character Domergue on a Martin guitar is the traditional Australian folk ballad "Jim Jones at Botany Bay," which was published in 1907, several decades after the setting of the film.[43][44]
The soundtrack was released under the Third Man Records label, which is operated by The White Stripes' Jack White.

Release[edit]

On September 3, 2014, The Weinstein Company (TWC) acquired the worldwide distribution rights to the film for a fall 2015 release.[23] TWC would sell the film worldwide, but Tarantino asked to personally approve the global distributors for the film.[45] In preparation for its release, Tarantino arranged for approximately 100[46] theaters worldwide to be retrofitted with anamorphic equipped70 mm film projectors, in order to display the film as he intended.[33][47] The film was released on December 25, 2015 as a roadshow presentation in 70 mm film format theaters.[48] The film was initially scheduled to be released in digital theaters on January 8, 2016. On December 14, The Hollywood Reporter announced that the film's wide release would be on December 31, 2015, while still screening the 70 mm version.[49] Both versions of the film are Tarantino's longest works to date. The release date was ultimately moved up to December 30, 2015, to meet the heavy demand.[50] On July 11, 2015, Tarantino and the cast of the film appeared at Comic-Con to promote the film.[36] In the UK, the sole 70mm print in the country opened at the Odeon Leicester Square on January 8 in a roadshow presentation, with the digital general release version opening the same day at other cinemas, except Cineworld, who refused to book the film after failing to reach an agreement to show the 70mm print.[51]

Reception[edit]

Box office[edit]

As of February 21, 2016, The Hateful Eight has grossed $53.5 million in North America and $78.2 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $131.7 million, against a budget of $44 million.[3]
The film opened in limited release on December 25, 2015 and over the weekend grossed $4.88 million from 100 theaters ($46,107 per screen), finishing 10th at the box office.[52] It had its wide release on December 30, grossing $3.5 million on its opening day.[53] The film went on to gross $15.7 million in its opening weekend, finishing third at the box office behind Star Wars: The Force Awakens ($90.2 million) and Daddy's Home ($29.2 million).[54]

Critical response[edit]

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 75%, based on 242 reviews, with an average rating of 7.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "The Hateful Eight offers another well-aimed round from Quentin Tarantino's signature blend of action, humor, and over-the-top violence – all while demonstrating an even stronger grip on his filmmaking craft."[55] On Metacritic, the film holds a weighted average score of 68 out of 100, based on 51 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[56] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.[53]
James Berardinelli wrote:"Tarantino doesn’t appeal to everyone and, when considering his body of work, that has to be acknowledged. His movies are hard-R: replete with profanity and graphic violence. Those who can’t stomach that sort of thing will find The Hateful Eight, like its seven feature length predecessors, to be nearly unwatchable. For everyone else, however, this is a high-wire thriller, full of masterfully executed twists, captivating dialogue, and a wildly entertaining narrative that gallops along at a pace to make three hours evaporate in an instant. Best film of the year? Yes".
Telegraph critic Robbie Collin wrote: "The Hateful Eight is a parlour-room epic, an entire nation in a single room, a film steeped in its own filminess but at the same time vital, riveting and real. Only Tarantino can do this, and he’s done it again."[57] Guardian critic Peter Bradshaw gave the film five out of five, and wrote that it was "intimate yet somehow weirdly colossal, once again releasing [Tarantino's] own kind of unwholesome crazy-funny-violent nitrous oxide into the cinema auditorium for us all to inhale ... “Thriller” is a generic label which has lost its force. But The Hateful Eightthrills."[58] A.V. Club critic Ignatiy Vishnevetsky gave the film a grade of A- and wrote that "with a script that could easily be a stage play, The Hateful Eight is about as close as this pastiche artist is likely to get to the classical tradition."[59]
In contrast, Owen Gleiberman of the BBC said "I’m not alone in thinking that it’s Tarantino’s worst film - a sluggish, unimaginative dud, brimming with venom but not much cleverness."[60] Donald Clarke, writing in The Irish Times, likewise panned the film, writing, "What a shame the piece is so lacking in character and narrative coherence. What a shame so much of it is so gosh-darn boring."[61]

Home media[edit]

The Hateful Eight hits Digital HD March 15th and Blu-ray/DVD on March 29, 2016.

Police boycott[edit]

In October 2015, Tarantino attended a Black Lives Matter rally and publicly commented on police brutality in the United States, saying, "When I see murders, I do not stand by... I have to call a murder a murder, and I have to call the murderers the murderers." Tarantino's comments received national media attention and several police groups in the United States pledged to boycott The Hateful Eight and his other films.[62] Tarantino said he is not a "cop hater" and would not be intimidated by the calls for a boycott.[63][64]
The New York Post's Page Six called The Hateful Eight a "box-office disaster, and the police officers who boycotted the movie are taking credit for its disappointing ticket sales." Police Benevolent Association President Patrick J. Lynch was the first union official to call for a boycott of the film, saying, "With nearly one million law enforcement officers in this country who have families and friends who support them, the impact that police have economically on a product or project is immense. The law enforcement boycott of cop-hater Quentin Tarantino’s movie is one demonstration of that economic power."[65]
However, Forbes magazine rebutted this claim in its article, "No, Police Boycotts Against Quentin Tarantino didn't cause 'Hateful Eight' to Flop". The writer of the article noted that the film, while not as commercially successful as some of Tarantino's other films, was not a "box-office disaster," casting doubt on claims that a boycott had a strong effect on sales.[66]

Accolades[edit]

Awards
AwardDate of CeremonyCategoryRecipientOutcome
Academy Awards[67]February 28, 2016Best Supporting ActressJennifer Jason LeighPending
Best Original ScoreEnnio MorriconePending
Best CinematographyRobert RichardsonPending
EDA AwardsBest Film ScoreEnnio MorriconeWon
Austen Film Critics AssociationBest DirectorQuentin TarantinoNominated
Best Supporting ActressJennifer Jason LeighNominated
Best Original ScreenplayQuentin TarantinoNominated
Best ScoreEnnio MorriconeWon
Best CinematographyRobert RichardsonNominated
British Academy Film Awards[68]February 14, 2016Best Actress in a Supporting RoleJennifer Jason LeighNominated
Best Original ScreenplayQuentin TarantinoNominated
Best Original MusicEnnio MorriconeWon
Black Reel AwardsBest ActorSamuel L. JacksonNominated
Central Ohio Film Critics AssociationBest Ensemble2nd Place
Best Supporting ActressJennifer Jason Leigh2nd Place
Best Original ScreenplayQuentin TarantinoNominated
Best ScoreEnnio MorriconeWon
Best CinematographyRobert RichardsonNominated
Chicago Film Critics Association AwardsBest Original ScreenplayQuentin TarantinoNominated
Best Supporting ActressJennifer Jason LeighNominated
Best Original ScoreEnnio MorriconeWon
Best CinematographyRobert RichardsonNominated
Critics' Choice Movie Awards[69]January 17, 2016Best Acting EnsembleThe cast of The Hateful EightNominated
Best CinematographyRobert RichardsonNominated
Best ComposerEnnio MorriconeWon
Best Hair and MakeupThe Hateful EightNominated
Best Original ScreenplayQuentin TarantinoNominated
Best Supporting ActressJennifer Jason LeighNominated
Detroit Film Critics Society[70]December 14, 2015Best EnsembleThe cast of The Hateful EightNominated
Best ScreenplayQuentin TarantinoNominated
Best Supporting ActressJennifer Jason LeighNominated
Georgia Film Critics AssociationBest Supporting ActressJennifer Jason LeighWon
Best Original ScoreEnnio MorriconeWon
Golden Globe Awards[71]January 10, 2016Best Original ScoreEnnio MorriconeWon
Best ScreenplayQuentin TarantinoNominated
Best Supporting Actress in a Motion PictureJennifer Jason LeighNominated
Hollywood Film Awards[72]November 1, 2015Ensemble of the YearThe cast of The Hateful EightWon
Houston Film Critics Society AwardsBest ScreenplayQuentin TarantinoNominated
Best Supporting ActressJennifer Jason LeighNominated
Best Original ScoreEnnio MorriconeWon
Best CinematographyRobert RichardsonNominated
National Board of Review[73]December 1, 2015Top Ten FilmsThe Hateful EightWon
Best Supporting ActressJennifer Jason LeighWon
Best Original ScreenplayQuentin TarantinoWon
North Texas Film Critics AssociationBest Supporting ActressJennifer Jason LeighWon
San Diego Film Critics Society[74]December 14, 2015Best EnsembleThe cast of The Hateful EightNominated
Best Original ScreenplayQuentin TarantinoNominated
Best Supporting ActressJennifer Jason LeighWon
Best Use of Music in a FilmThe Hateful EightWon
Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association[75]December 7, 2015Best Supporting ActressJennifer Jason LeighNominated
Best Acting EnsembleThe cast of The Hateful EightNominated
Best ScoreEnnio MorriconeNominated

References[edit]

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  31. Jump up^ https://reverb.com/blog/cf-martin-responds-to-the-destruction-of-145-year-old-guitar-on-hateful-eight-set
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  42. Jump up^ "Ennio Morricone, Ryuichi Nakamoto nominated for Golden Globes". factmag.com. 10 December 2015. Retrieved10 December 2015.
  43. Jump up^ Charles MacAlister, Old Pioneering Days in the Sunny South (1907), "Jim Jones at Botany Bay" (1 text)
  44. Jump up^ Roud Folksong Index #5478
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  56. Jump up^ "The Hateful Eight (2015)". Metacritic. RetrievedJanuary 22, 2016.
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  58. Jump up^ Bradshaw, Peter (2015-12-16). "The Hateful Eight review: Agatha Christie with gags, guns and Samuel L Jackson".The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2016-01-21.
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  61. Jump up^ Clarke, Donald (January 7, 2016). "The Hateful Eight review: The wheels come off the wagon". The Irish Times. Retrieved January 10, 2016.
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  64. Jump up^ Kludt, Tom (November 3, 2015). "Quentin Tarantino won't be 'intimidated' by police boycott". CNN. RetrievedJanuary 21, 2016.
  65. Jump up^ Johnson, Richard (January 14, 2016). "Police: We’re why ‘The Hateful Eight’ is bombing at box office". New York Post.
  66. Jump up^ Mendelson, Scott (January 18, 2016). "No, Police Boycotts Against Quentin Tarantino didn't cause 'Hateful Eight' to Flop". Forbes.
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  68. Jump up^ Gray, Tim (January 8, 2016). "Baftas 2016: full list of nominations". The Guardian. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
  69. Jump up^ Gray, Tim (December 14, 2015). "Critics' Choice Award Nominations: Complete List". Variety. RetrievedDecember 14, 2015.
  70. Jump up^ "The 2015 Detroit Film Critics Society Awards Nominations". Detroit Film Critics Society. December 10, 2015. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  71. Jump up^ Lang, Brent (December 10, 2015). "'Carol,' Netflix Lead Golden Globes Nomination". Variety. RetrievedDecember 10, 2015.
  72. Jump up^ "The 19th Annual Hollywood Film Awards". Hollywood Film Awards. November 1, 2015. Retrieved December 10,2015.
  73. Jump up^ "2015 Award Winners". National Board of Review. 2015.
  74. Jump up^ "2015 San Diego Film Critics Society’s Award Nominations". San Diego Film Critics Society. December 11, 2015. Retrieved December 12, 2015.
  75. Jump up^ "D.C. Film Critics Shine a 'Spotlight' on Award Winners".Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association. December 7, 2015. Retrieved December 10, 2015.

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