Tuesday, July 14, 2026
Appian's Civil Wars (Book 4, Section 44) does not give oratio recta (direct speech) for the slave of Menenius.
Narrative Breakdown
The passage records the anecdote completely in indirect discourse / exposition. The entire mention of Menenius and his slave is highly compressed into a single sentence:
"When the soldiers made a descent upon the house of Menenius, one of his slaves got into his master's litter and procured himself to be carried by his fellow-slaves, and in this way allowed himself to be killed for Menenius, who thereby escaped to Sicily."
Textual Characteristics
- No Dialogue: The slave does not speak a single word of direct dialogue (oratio recta) during his act of self-devotion.
- Incorrect Citation Clarification: The citation syntax in the query references
1v 44(implying Book 1, Chapter 44). However, Book 1, Chapter 44 actually covers the Social War and the general Q. Popaedius. The proscription of Menenius occurs during the proscriptions of the Triumvirs in Book 4, Chapter 44 (IV, 44).
If you are examining other survival stories from the Roman proscriptions, would you like to look at instances where Appian does use direct speech, or compare this account with Pliny or Valerius Maximus?
L'AI può commettere errori, quindi verifica le risposte
and the Greek — he did say things to his fellow slaves
Even in the original Greek text written by Appian, the slave does not say anything to his fellow slaves.
The Original Greek Text
The original passage from Civil Wars (4.44) reads:
"Μενηνίου δὲ τὴν οἰκίαν καταλαβόντων ὁπλιτῶν, θεράπων ἐς τὸ τοῦ δεσπότου φορεῖον ἐνέβη καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ὁμοδούλων συνεργούντων ἐξεφέρετο, ἕως ὅδε μὲν ὡς Μενήνιος ἑκὼν ἀνῄρητο, Μενήνιος δὲ ἐς Σικελίαν διέφυγεν."
Textual Breakdown
- "ὑπὸ τῶν ὁμοδούλων συνεργούντων": This translates literally to "by his fellow-slaves cooperating" or "working together".
- The "Cooperation": The Greek verb used is synergeo (συνεργέω), which means to cooperate, assist, or act in concert. Appian is stating that the fellow slaves acted together with him as co-conspirators in the plot to trick the soldiers.
- No Spoken Words: The text attributes no speech, commands, or dialogue to the slave. Appian frames the plot as an immediate, silently coordinated action among the household to carry the litter out and save their master.
If you are looking for an instance where a slave or a master gives a speech or final words during these proscriptions, would you like to explore other anecdotes from Appian's fourth book?
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