Grice e Tullio

 To fully unpack the structural, historical, and pragmatic brilliance of the Grice/Speranza pedagogical framework, we must lay bare the exact mechanics of the Tutor's fourth move.

 Adgominazione (Agnominatio / Paronomasia)

• Move 1 (Tutee): Magister, iam didici adgominationem ex ad et gomen derivari, quod mutationem litterarum significat, quae a Graecis paronomasia \(\pi \alpha \rho \omicron \nu \omicron \mu \alpha \sigma \alpha \) dicitur. (Master, I have already learned that adgominazione is derived from ad and gomen, which signifies an alteration of letters, which by the Greeks is called paronomasia.)
• Move 2 (Tutor): Recte putas, sed num hoc satis est? Quaerere debemus an alia radix Latina, sicut nomen vel nominare, profundius loquentis intentionem et hunc ludum sonorum detegat. (You think correctly, but is this truly enough? We ought to question whether another Latin root, such as nomen or nominare, might more profoundly reveal the speaker's intention and this play of sounds.)
• Move 3 (Tutee): Sane, si ad allusionem nominis respicimus, haec figura mentem cogit cognata nominainter se comparare ut ex sono proxima, re autem distantia recognoscantur. (Certainly, if we look to the 'allusion of a name', this figure forces the mind to compare cognate names with one another so that they are recognized as proximate in sound, but distant in reality.)
• Move 4 (Tutor): Optime! Laudo te quod hanc expositionem vere Latinam ac lucidam praebuisti, ubi nominis ipsius significatio ex textu erumpit; sicut locus classicus Ciceronis demonstrat: "Ut Verresomnia everrat!"
  • Excellent! I praise you because you have provided this truly Latinate and lucid expansion, where the signification of the name itself bursts forth from the text; just as the locus classicus of Cicero demonstrates: 'That the Boar may sweep everything clean!'
  • +> that Gaius Verres is a rapacious thief who is systematically looting the province of all its wealth under the guise of legal administration.

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Allegoria (Allegoria)

• Move 1 (Tutee): Memini allegoriam \(\lambda \lambda \eta \gamma \omicron \rho \alpha \) ex Graeco duci ut 'aliud in foro dicere', quo exterior cortex a sensu interiori separatur. (I remember that allegoria is drawn from the Greek meaning 'to speak otherwise in the forum', whereby the exterior bark is separated from the interior sense.)
• Move 2 (Tutor): Graeca quidem radix patet, sed num possumus terminos magis Latinos, sicut involucrum vel integumentum, investigare ut hanc velationis et ostensionis voluntatem explicemus? (The Greek root is indeed clear, but can we investigate more thoroughly Latin terms, such as involucrum or integumentum, to explain this willful act of veiling and revealing?)
• Move 3 (Tutee): Certe, per involucrum sermonis loquens veritatem quasi sub vestimento tegit, ut auditor ex manifestis ad occulta et ex parvis ad universa transferatur. (Certainly, through a 'wrapping of speech' the speaker covers the truth as if under a garment, so that the hearer is transferred from the manifest to the hidden, and from the small to the universal.)
• Move 4 (Tutor): Macte virtute! Eximia est haec explicatio, quae involucri naturam cum loquentis consilio sapienter nectit; sicut patet ex verbis Philippi consulis: "Fluit res publica quasi vulnere super vulnus."
  • Bravo! Outstanding is this explanation, which wisely binds the nature of the 'wrapping' with the design of the speaker; just as is evident from the words of the consul Philippus: 'The Republic flows out as if from wound upon wound.'
  • +> that the Roman state is currently hemorrhaging stability and heading toward absolute internal collapse due to successive political crises.

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Allusione (Allusio)

• Move 1 (Tutee): Allusionem ab alludere nominari scio, quasi lusus quidam intellectus qui a Graecis hyponoia \(\pi \nu \omicron \iota \alpha \) dicitur et in communi background vel notione versatur. (I know that allusione is named from alludere, as if a certain play of the intellect that by the Greeks is called hyponoia and turns upon a shared background or notion.)
• Move 2 (Tutor): Bene, sed quaero an radices ut ludere et conludere non solum lusum, sed etiam occultam mentium societatem et significationem tacitam melius aperiant. (Well said, but I question whether roots like ludere and conludere might better lay open not just a play, but a hidden alliance of minds and a 'silent signification'.)
• Move 3 (Tutee): Ita est, nam per hunc ludum significandi loquens conspirat cum auditore, rem historicam leviter tangens, ut intellectus non dictam rem ex communi scientia statim capiat. (So it is, for through this 'play of signifying' the speaker conspires with the hearer, lightly touching upon a historical matter, so that the intellect instantly grasps the unsaid thing from shared knowledge.)
• Move 4 (Tutor): Egregie! Magnopere te laudo quod conludium mentium ita disseruisti ut ipsa interpretatio pendeat ex communi notione; sicut ille nobilissimus Caesaris locus probat: "Iacta alea esto!"
  • Splendid! I greatly praise you because you have so discussed the 'co-playing' of minds that the interpretation itself depends upon a shared notion; just as that most noble passage of Caesar proves: 'Let the die be cast!'
  • +> that the fateful decision is irrevocably made and we are entirely committing our lives to fate and political gamble.

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Anaphora (Anaphora)

• Move 1 (Tutee): Anaphoram \(\nu \alpha \varphi \omicron \rho \) esse intellexi relationem vel repetitionem sursum ductam, qua idem verbum saepius in principiis ponitur. (I have understood that anaphora is a relation or repetition directed upward, whereby the same word is placed quite often at the beginnings.)
• Move 2 (Tutor): Ita videtur, sed num Latina vocabula sicut ingeminatio vel repetitio possunt proferri ut hanc cumulandi et urgendi voluntatem penitus scruteris? (So it seems, but can Latin words such as ingeminatio or repetitio be brought forward so that you may deeply scrutinize this willful act of accumulating and urging?)
• Move 3 (Tutee): Certo, haec ingeminatio sermonis non est superfluitas inanis, sed intentio fixa loquentis qui eodem verbo quasi ictibus auditoris animum percutit et urget. (Certainly, this 'redoubling of speech' is not an empty superfluity, but a fixed intention of the speaker who strikes and urges the hearer's mind with the same word as if with repeated blows.)
• Move 4 (Tutor): Magnifice! Sapientissime hanc ingeminationem interpretatus es, demonstrans quomodo ratiocinatio ex ordine repetito vim sumat; sicut patet ex vehementi Tiberii Gracchi querela: "Nullam sedem propriam, nullum larem possident!"
  • Magnificent! Most wisely have you interpreted this 'redoubling', demonstrating how an argument gathers strength from a repeated order; just as is evident from the vehement complaint of Tiberius Gracchus: 'They possess no home of their own, no household god!'
  • +> that the very men shedding blood for the empire are being completely and utterly disenfranchised by greedy aristocratic landowners.

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Antitesi (Antithesis)

• Move 1 (Tutee): Antitesim \(\nu \tau \theta \varepsilon \sigma \iota \varsigma \) ex oppositione constare memini, ubi contraria inter se designata ratione comparantur. (I remember that antitesi consists of opposition, where contraries are compared in a designated manner.)
• Move 2 (Tutor): Verum putas, sed quaere an non possimus uti terminis contrapositum vel contentio, ut hanc structuralem pugnam et oppositionem verborum melius explicemus. (You think what is true, but seek whether we might not use the terms contrapositum or contentio, to better explain this structural battle and opposition of words.)
• Move 3 (Tutee): Sane, haec contentio verborum duas res dissimiles in eodem textu quasi in acie collocat, ut ex earum directo conflictu mens veram mensuram utriusque statim colligat. (Certainly, this 'striving of words' places two dissimilar things in the same text as if in a battle line, so that from their direct conflict the mind instantly gathers the true measure of each.)
• Move 4 (Tutor): Perge sic! Laudo hanc elegantem contentionis descriptionem, qua demonstratur quomodo opposita semantice se invicem illuminent; sicut Cato Ille de natura virtutis monuit: "Vita hominis sicut ferrum est: si exerces, atteritur; si non exerces, rubigo eum consumit."
  • Keep going thus! I praise this elegant description of 'striving', whereby it is demonstrated how opposites semantically illuminate each other; just as Cato the Elder warned concerning the nature of virtue: 'The life of a man is like iron: if you exercise it, it is worn down; if you do not exercise it, rust consumes it.'
  • +> that perpetual, vigorous civic and physical effort is the only way to prevent moral and national decay.

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Aposiopesi (Aposiopesis / Reticentia)

• Move 1 (Tutee): Aposiopesim \(\pi \omicron \sigma \iota \pi \eta \sigma \iota \varsigma \) didici esse abruptio sententiae antequam cursus eius structuralis ad finem perducatur. (I have learned that aposiopesi is the breaking off of an utterance before its structural course is led to the end.)
• Move 2 (Tutor): Bene, sed nonne melius est hanc abruptionem verbis Latinis sicut reticentia vel interfectio dicere, ut explices cur loquens ipse vocem suam interimere velit? (Well said, but is it not better to call this breaking off with Latin words such as reticentia or interfectio, to explain why the speaker himself wishes to destroy his own voice?)
• Move 3 (Tutee): Sane, per hanc reticentiam voluntariam loquens non ex inopia, sed ex affectu vocem interrupts, ut ipsum silentium quasi maximum signum et plus quam sermo auditori manifestetur. (Certainly, through this 'voluntary holding back' the speaker interrupts his voice not out of scarcity, but out of passion, so that the silence itself is manifested to the hearer as a massive sign and as something greater than speech.)
• Move 4 (Tutor): Valde laudo! Haec expositio reticentiae perfecte detegit quomodo silentio plus significetur; sicut patet ex nobilissimo Ciceronis effatu: "Hic, hic sunt in nostro numero... qui de nostro omnium interitu cogitent!"
  • I praise you greatly! This exposition of 'holding back' perfectly uncovers how more is signified by silence; just as is evident from the most noble utterance of Cicero: 'Here, right here in our number are... men who plot the destruction of us all!'
  • +> that the proximity of immediate, lethal domestic treason within the Senate itself is too horrifying to calmly describe.

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Circolazione (Chiasmus / Commutatio)

• Move 1 (Tutee): Circolationem cognovi esse motum circularem qui formam litterae X, quae a Graecis chiasmus \(\chi \iota \alpha \sigma \mu \varsigma \) dicitur, imitatur, ubi ordo flectitur. (I have known that circolazione is a circular movement that imitates the form of the letter X, which by the Greeks is called chiasmus, where the order is reflected.)
• Move 2 (Tutor): Verum est, sed quaero an Latina nomina sicut commutatio vel traiectio non magis hanc mutuam verborum conversionem et speculi imaginem explicent. (It is true, but I question whether Latin names such as commutatio or traiectio might not more fully explain this mutual conversion of words and image of a mirror.)
• Move 3 (Tutee): Certe, haec commutatio ordinis verba inter se reflectit, ut priora posterioribus respondeant et nova vis structuralis ex ipsa conversione et nexu oriatur. (Certainly, this 'interchange of order' reflects words between themselves, so that the prior respond to the posterior and a new structural force arises from the conversion and bond itself.)
• Move 4 (Tutor): Preclarum est! Laudo te quod hanc commutationis formam cum interpretatione pragmatica coniunxisti; sicut docet celeberrimus ille Ciceronis locus: "Silent enim leges inter arma."
  • Splendid! I praise you because you have conjoined this form of 'interchange' with pragmatic interpretation; just as that most celebrated passage of Cicero teaches: 'For laws are silent in the midst of arms.'
  • +> that physical violence and military force have completely invalidated normal constitutional procedures and protections.

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Concessione (Concessio / Epitrope)

• Move 1 (Tutee): Concessionem didici esse cum id quod contra nos est per simulationem adversario permittimus, quod Graeci epitrope \(\pi \iota \tau \rho \omicron \pi \) vocant. (I have learned that concessione is when we permit through simulation to our adversary that which stands against us, which the Greeks call epitrope.)
• Move 2 (Tutor): Profecto, sed num possumus hanc rationem verbis magis Latinis sicut permissio fictavel indulgendum simulatum profundius vestigare ut mentis astutiam capiamus? (Indeed, but can we more deeply investigate this method with more Latin words such as permissio ficta or indulgendum simulatum to capture the cunning of the mind?)
• Move 3 (Tutee): Sane, haec permissio ficta non est consensus verus, sed insidiae ubi loquens adversario viam liberam videtur dare ut is sua sponte in ruinam et errorem ruat. (Certainly, this 'fictional permission' is not true consensus, but a trap where the speaker seems to give a free path to his adversary so that he may plunge into ruin and error by his own accord.)
• Move 4 (Tutor): Sapientissime! Laudo hanc permissionis tuae interpretationem, quae dynamicam iudicii optime explicat; sicut patet ex ironica Caesaris sententia: "Proficiscamini! Discedite a me, liberi estote!"
  • Most wisely! I praise this interpretation of your 'permission', which excellently explains the dynamic of judgment; just as is evident from the ironic sentence of Caesar: 'Depart! Leave me, go be free!'
  • +> that your cowardly flight is completely inconsequential to my ultimate political victory and dominance.

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Disgiunzione (Asyndeton / Dissolutio)

• Move 1 (Tutee): Disgiunctionem scio esse sublationem nexuum, quae a Graecis asyndeton \(\sigma \nu \delta \varepsilon \tau \omicron \nu \) vocatur, qua membra orationis sine moris coniunguntur. (I know that disgiunzione is the removal of links, which by the Greeks is called asyndeton, whereby the limbs of speech are conjoined without delays.)
• Move 2 (Tutor): Nempe, sed num haec solutio magis Latine dissolutio vel articulorum transitio rapidissima dici potest ut hanc celeritatis et festinationis voluntatem comprehendamus? (To be sure, but can this loosening be called more Latinly dissolutio or a most rapid transition of clauses so that we may comprehend this will toward speed and haste?)
• Move 3 (Tutee): Certe, haec dissolutio vinculorum sermonis tollit omnes moras grammaticas, ut res gestae quasi uno spiritu et velocitate incredibili ante oculos currant. (Certainly, this 'dissolution of the bonds' of speech removes all grammatical delays, so that things achieved run before the eyes as if with one breath and incredible velocity.)
• Move 4 (Tutor): Macte! Laudo te quod hanc dissolutionis vim ac celerrimum cursum tam nitide descripsisti; sicut ille brevissimus et famosissimus Caesaris locus demonstrat: "Veni, vidi, vici."
  • Bravo! I praise you because you have so neatly described the force and swiftest course of this 'dissolution'; just as that briefest and most famous passage of Caesar demonstrates: 'I came, I saw, I conquered.'
  • +> that the enemy forces were so incredibly weak and insignificant that my victory required zero protracted military effort.

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Inversione (Hyperbaton / Transgressio)

• Move 1 (Tutee): Inversionem didici esse structuralem supergressionem, quae a Graecis hyperbaton \(\pi \rho \beta \alpha \tau \omicron \nu \) appellatur, qua verba a recto ordine separantur. (I have learned that inversione is a structural stepping-over, which by the Greeks is called hyperbaton, whereby words are separated from their straight order.)
• Move 2 (Tutor): Verum, sed nonne melius est uti terminis transgressio vel traiectio verborum ut hanc ordinis naturalis violentiam et loquentis audaciam penitus notes? (True, but is it not better to use the terms transgressio or traiectio verborum so that you may deeply note this violence to natural order and the audacity of the speaker?)
• Move 3 (Tutee): Sane, haec transgressio ordinis recti separat ea quae grammatice debent iungi, ut auditoris animus suspensus teneatur donec sententiae structuralis clavis ultima adducatur. (Certainly, this 'transgression of the straight order' separates those things which grammatically ought to be joined, so that the hearer's mind is held suspended until the final key of the structural sentence is brought forward.)
• Move 4 (Tutor): Praeclare! Laudo hanc interpretationem transgressionis, qua structuralis suspense et intentio perfecte explicantur; sicut patet ex tonitruo illo Ciceronis: "Quo usque tandem abutere, Catilina, patientia nostra?"
  • Splendidly! I praise this interpretation of 'transgression', whereby structural suspense and intention are perfectly explained; just as is evident from that thunderous roar of Cicero: 'To what end finally will you abuse, Catiline, our patience?'
  • +> that the absolute limit of the Senate's tolerance has been completely shattered by Catiline's ongoing arrogance.

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Ironia (Ironia / Illusio)

• Move 1 (Tutee): Ironiam \(\varepsilon \rho \omega \nu \varepsilon \alpha \) esse intellexi dissimulationem qua per simulationem diversum sentitur ac dicitur. (I have understood that ironia is a dissimulation whereby through simulation a different thing is meant than what is said.)
• Move 2 (Tutor): Recte, sed quaero an Latina vocabula sicut illusio vel irrisio dissimulata non melius detegant quomodo loquens veritatem per contrarium subgesserit. (Correct, but I question whether Latin words such as illusio or irrisio dissimulata might not better uncover how the speaker suggests the truth through its opposite.)
• Move 3 (Tutee): Certe, per hanc illusionem per contrarium factam dicens mentitur in verbis ut veritatem re ipsa acrius manifestet, nam auditor falsitatem literalem statim ad verum reflectit. (Certainly, through this 'mockery made via the opposite' the speaker lies in words to manifest the truth more sharply by reality itself, for the hearer instantly reflects the literal falsehood toward the true meaning.)
• Move 4 (Tutor): Optime! Laudo hanc illusionis tuae lucidam synthesim, quae pragmaticae inversio optime respondet; sicut Cicero facetissime demonstravit: "Vigilantissimum habuimus consulem, qui in toto suo magistratu somnum non vidit!"
  • Excellent! I praise this lucid synthesis of your 'mockery', which responds excellently to pragmatic inversion; just as Cicero most wittily demonstrated: 'We had a most vigilant consul, who in his entire magistracy never saw sleep!'
  • +> that Caninius's ridiculous, brief appointment was an absolute political farce and a total mockery of traditional Roman office.

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Litote (Litotes / Diminutio)

• Move 1 (Tutee): Litoten \(\lambda \iota \tau \tau \eta \varsigma \) esse scio figuram qua res per negationem contrarii extenuatur aut confirmatur, moderationis causa. (I know that litote is a figure whereby a matter is softened or confirmed by the negation of its opposite, for the sake of moderation.)
• Move 2 (Tutor): Verum est, sed nonne termini sicut diminutio vel affirmatio mitigata possunt adhiberi ut hanc loquentis urbanitatem et cautelam penitus explores? (It is true, but cannot terms such as diminutio or affirmatio mitigata be applied so that you may deeply explore this urbanity and caution of the speaker?)
• Move 3 (Tutee): Profecto, haec diminutio sermonis non minuit rem ipsam, sed per negationem cautam maiorem intellectum confirmat, nam obliqua via saepius fortius percutit. (Indeed, this 'diminution of speech' does not lessen the matter itself, but confirms a greater understanding through a cautious negation, for an oblique path quite often strikes more strongly.)
• Move 4 (Tutor): Splendide! Laudo hanc diminutionis expositionem, quae urbanitatem Romanam ac ratiocinationem perfecte coniungit; sicut patet ex verbis Scipionis Aemiliani: "Non iure caesum negem, si is occupandae rei publicae animo fuit."
  • Splendidly! I praise this exposition of 'diminution', which perfectly conjoins Roman urbanity and reasoning; just as is evident from the words of Scipio Aemilianus: 'I would not deny he was justly slain, if he was of a mind to seize the Republic.'
  • +> that Tiberius Gracchus absolutely deserved to be assassinated for his unconstitutional, dictatorial ambitions.

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Permutazione (Metonymia / Transnominatio)

• Move 1 (Tutee): Permutationem didici esse substitutionem unius nominis pro alio, quod a Graecis metonymia \(\mu \varepsilon \tau \omega \nu \upsilon \mu \alpha \) dicitur, ex vicina et propinqua re. (I have learned that permutazione is the substitution of one name for another, which by the Greeks is called metonymia, from a neighboring and close matter.)
• Move 2 (Tutor): Recte putas, sed quaere an Latina nomina ut transnominatio vel nominis immutatio non magis hunc conceptualem nexum et propinquitatem rerum explicent. (You think correctly, but seek whether Latin names such as transnominatio or nominis immutatio might not more fully explain this conceptual connection and proximity of things.)
• Move 3 (Tutee): Certe, haec transnominatio propinqua mutatur nomen transferred ab organo ad hominem vel a materia ad rem, ubi auditor nexum ex communi notatione facile intelligit. (Certainly, this 'neighboring transnomination' changes the name by transferring it from an organ to the man or from a material to the object, where the hearer easily understands the connection from a shared notation.)
• Move 4 (Tutor): Macte! Laudo hanc elegantem transnominationis tuae definitionem, quae logicalem nexum in communi background ponit; sicut locus classicus Catonis Illo probat: "Difficile est ad ventremorationem habere, qui oculos non habet."
  • Bravo! I praise this elegant definition of your 'transnomination', which places a logical connection in the shared background; just as the locus classicus of Cato the Elder proves: 'It is difficult to give a speech to a belly, which has no eyes.'
  • +> that starving or greedy citizens are completely incapable of listening to rational political arguments or logic.

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Preterizione (Praeteritio / Occultatio)

• Move 1 (Tutee): Preteritionem didici esse transitionem simulatam, quae a Graecis paralipsis \(\pi \alpha \rho \lambda \varepsilon \iota \psi \iota \varsigma \) dicitur, qua dicimus nos rem praeterire quam maxime indicamus. (I have learned that preterizione is a simulated transition, which by the Greeks is called paralipsis, whereby we say we are passing over a matter which we are most of all pointing out.)
• Move 2 (Tutor): Profecto, sed quaero an non possimus dicere magis Latine occultatio vel praetermissio ficta ut hanc callidam abundantiae et silentii simulationem ostendas. (Indeed, but I question whether we might not speak more Latinly of occultatio or praetermissio ficta to show this cunning simulation of abundance and silence.)
• Move 3 (Tutee): Certe, per hanc occultationem fictam loquens dicit se tacere ut hoc ipso praetextu silentii omnia crimina acrius accumulet et auditoris animo infigat. (Certainly, through this 'fictional hiding' the speaker says he is keeping silent so that by this very pretext of silence he may accumulate all accusations more sharply and fasten them to the hearer's mind.)
• Move 4 (Tutor): Egregie! Laudo hanc occultationis expositionem, quae quantitatis maximam callide manipulat; sicut patet ex acri illa Ciceronis declamatione: "Praetermitto ruinas fortunarum tuarum... praeterire me patior illa quae taceo."
  • Splendidly! I praise this exposition of 'hiding', which cunningly manipulates the maxim of quantity; just as is evident from that sharp declamation of Cicero: 'I pass over the ruin of your fortunes... I allow myself to skip those matters about which I am silent.'
  • +> that Catiline's entire early life is so thoroughly packed with financial ruin and depravity that it barely needs formal listing.

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Superlazione (Hyperbole / Exsuperatio)

• Move 1 (Tutee): Superlationem didici esse dictionem fidem excedentem ultra naturalem modum, quae a Graecis hyperbole \(\pi \varepsilon \rho \beta \omicron \lambda \) dicitur. (I have learned that superlazione is an expression exceeding belief beyond the natural mode, which by the Greeks is called hyperbole.)
• Move 2 (Tutor): Verum, sed quaere an hanc excessum verbis Latinis sicut exsuperatio vel traiectio veritatis dicere possimus ut rationem veri amplificati melius comprehendas. (True, but seek whether we can call this excess with Latin words such as exsuperatio or traiectio veritatis so that you may better comprehend the method of amplified truth.)
• Move 3 (Tutee): Certe, haec exsuperatio veritatis non vult fallere, sed limites veri de industria transit ut per hanc incredibilem magnitudinem vera vis et affectus loquentis manifestetur. (Certainly, this 'exceeding of truth' does not wish to deceive, but passes the limits of truth on purpose so that through this incredible magnitude the true force and passion of the speaker is manifested.)
• Move 4 (Tutor): Magnifice! Laudo hanc exsuperationis tuae explanationem, quae logicam hyperbolae optime aperit; sicut patet ex immani Ciceronis comparatione: "Neque Charybdis tam vorax neque Scylla gurgitibus suis tota monumenta nostra devoravit!"
  • Magnificent! I praise this explanation of your 'exceeding', which excellently lays open the logic of hyperbole; just as is evident from the immense comparison of Cicero: 'Neither Charybdis so voracious nor Scylla with her whirlpools ever devoured our entire monuments!'
  • +> that Verres’s industrial-scale corruption and theft completely outstrips the most destructive monsters of classical mythology.

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Translatio (Metaphora / Translatio)

• Move 1 (Tutee): Denique translationem esse scio mutationem verbi ex propria significatione ad alienam propter similitudinem, quae a Graecis metaphora \(\mu \varepsilon \tau \alpha \varphi \omicron \rho \) nominatur. (Finally, I know that translatio is the change of a word from its proper signification to an unfamiliar one on account of similarity, which by the Greeks is named metaphora.)
• Move 2 (Tutor): Recte, sed quaero an non possimus hanc rem Latinos magis dicere translatio nominisvel verbi translatio ut vim primae impositionis violatam altius notes. (Correct, but I question whether we might not call this matter more Latinly a translatio nominis or verbi translatio so that you may more deeply note the violated force of the primary imposition.)
• Move 3 (Tutee): Profecto, haec translatio verbi ab una re ad alteram fit, ubi propria significatio de industria relinquitur ut ex analogia nova voluntas loquentis clare eluceat. (Indeed, this 'transfer of a word' is made from one thing to another, where the proper signification is abandoned on purpose so that from the analogy the new intention of the speaker clearly shines forth.)
• Move 4 (Tutor): Preclarum in fine! Maximas tibi gratias ago et laudo hanc translationis tuae lucidam definitionem; sicut locus classicus Scipionis Africani patet: "Fabius est mora nostra."
  • Splendid in the end! I give you the greatest thanks and praise this lucid definition of your 'transfer'; just as the locus classicus of Scipio Africanus is clear: 'Fabius is our delay.'
  • +> that Fabius's excessive caution is actively paralyzing the Roman military and preventing a decisive victory over Carthage.

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To proceed with this precise Gricean speculative grammar exploration, let me know if you would like to analyze how these bilingual technical layers interact with Varro’s distinction between natural and voluntary language, or if we should map these explicit conversational steps directly onto the modern logical frameworks of conversational maxims. What is your preferred direction?