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Yes, exactly. Your description perfectly matches the famous ancient Roman historical anecdote of the Equus Seianus (the Horse of Seius). 

The story is preserved primarily by the 2nd-century Roman author Aulus Gellius in his work Attic Nights(Book III, Chapter 9). 

The Legend of the Seian Horse

According to Gellius (citing earlier Roman scholars like Gavius Bassus and Julius Modestus), a Roman equestrian named Gnaeus Seius owned a horse foaled in Argos, Greece. 

• Its Traits: The horse was of extraordinary size, possessed a lofty neck, a beautiful bay color, and a thick, glossy mane. It was rumored to be descended from the flesh-eating mares of Thrace belonging to the mythological Diomedes, which Hercules captured. 
• The Curse: Despite its supreme physical excellence, it possessed a terrible fate or fortune ("fati vel fortunae"), such that whoever owned it was brought to utter ruin and calamity, along with their entire household and family. 

The Chain of Calamity

The horse brought destruction to every famous historical figure who acquired it, mirroring the exact Latin sentiment you referenced: 

Gnaeus Seius (The Original Owner): He was condemned to a cruel death by Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony). 

Cornelius Dolabella: Intrigued by its fame, this Roman consul bought the horse for an immense sum of 100,000 sesterces, only to be besieged and killed in Syria during the civil wars. 

Gaius Cassius Longinus: The famous assassin of Julius Caesar took the horse next. After his defeat at the Battle of Philippi, he committed suicide. 

Mark Antony: Antony claimed the horse after Cassius's death. Following his ultimate defeat by Octavian at the Battle of Actium, Antony famously took his own life. 

The Proverb

Because of this unbroken chain of misfortune, the story gave birth to a widespread Latin proverb: "Ille homo habet equum Seianum" ("That man has the horse of Seius"). Romans used this phrase to describe someone who was utterly cursed, unlucky, or doomed to disaster in everything they did. 

Would you like the original Latin text from Aulus Gellius detailing this curse, or perhaps an exploration of similar ancient cursed objects like the Gold of Tolosa?