SU

 

Catalogue Raisonné of J. L. Speranza’s Publications – H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali: Su

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali: Subrio – Ossia: Grice e Subrio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Subrio. The gens Subria was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome. Few members of this gens are mentioned in history, but others are known from inscriptions.  Members This list includes abbreviated praenomina. For an explanation of this practice, see filiation. Subria L. l. [...]da, a freedwoman named in a late first-century sepulchral inscription from Carthago Nova in Hispania Citerior, along with the Sevir Augustalis Lucius Subrius La[...].[1] Subrius Apollinaris, leader of a cohort in an uncertain legion, who made a second- or third-century offering to Jupiter Optimus Maximus in Britannia.[2] Sextus Subrius Dexter, tribune of a cohort in the Praetorian Guard in AD 69, went into the Guard's camp with his fellow tribunes, Cetrius Severus and Pompeius Longinus, to determine whether they would be loyal to Galba or intended to mutiny. In 74, he was governor of Sardinia. He may have been the brother of Subrius Flavus, and perhaps is the same Sextus Subrius Dexter mentioned in an inscription from Patavium, dating to the first half of the second century.[3][4][5][6][7] Lucius Subrius Felix, buried at Ostia in Latium, aged thirty-six, in a third-century tomb dedicated by his wife, Laelia Quinta.[8] Subrius Flavus or Flavius, tribune of a cohort in the Praetorian Guard during the reign of Nero, was an active member of the Pisonian conspiracy, and proposed to slay the emperor with his own hand. When he was betrayed by one of his co-conspirators, he denied the charges at first, then took responsibility, and went to his death proudly. It was rumoured that he had planned to kill Piso as well, and offer the empire to the philosopher Seneca.[9][10][11][12][13] Titus Subrius Hyginus, dedicated a tomb at Nemausus in Gallia Narbonensis for his wife, Epidia Hedone, the freedwoman of Peculiaris.[14] Lucius Subrius La[...], one of the Seviri Augustales of Arelate in Gallia Narbonensis, named in a late first-century sepulchral inscription from Carthago Nova, along with a freedwoman named Subria.[1] Gaius Subrius Secundinus, flamen and patron of the province of Alpes Maritimae, buried at Cemenelum, aged forty, in a third-century tomb dedicated by his brother, Gaius Subrius Severianus.[15] Gaius Subrius Severianus, dedicated a third-century tomb at Cemenelum in Alpes Maritimae to his brother, the flamen Gaius Subrius Secundinus.[15] See also List of Roman gentes References  AE 1975, 523.  CIL VII, 302.  Tacitus, Historiae, i. 31.  CIL X, 8023, CIL X, 8024, CIL V, 2824.  AE 1993, 772.  PW, "Subrius" 1.  PIR, S. 683.  CIL XIV, 1643.  Tacitus, Annales, xv. 49, 50, 58, 67.  Cassius Dio, lxii. 24.  Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. II, p. 175 ("Flavus or Flavius, Subrius").  PW, "Subrius" 2.  PIR, S. 684.  CIL XII, 3570.  CIL V, 7917. Bibliography Publius Cornelius Tacitus, Annales, Historiae. Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus (Cassius Dio), Roman History. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1849). Theodor Mommsen et alii, Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (The Body of Latin Inscriptions, abbreviated CIL), Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1853–present). René Cagnat et alii, L'Année épigraphique (The Year in Epigraphy, abbreviated AE), Presses Universitaires de France (1888–present). August Pauly, Georg Wissowa, et alii, Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft (Scientific Encyclopedia of the Knowledge of Classical Antiquities, abbreviated RE or PW), J. B. Metzler, Stuttgart (1894–1980). Paul von Rohden, Elimar Klebs, & Hermann Dessau, Prosopographia Imperii Romani (The Prosopography of the Roman Empire, abbreviated PIR), Berlin (1898). Category: Roman gentes And from THIS gens? Thanks

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali: Subrio – Ossia: Grice e Subrio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Subrio. For the Subrii, the choice is overwhelmingly:  Subrius Flavus, the praetorian tribune involved in the Pisonian conspiracy against Nero. The gens entry states that he intended to kill Nero himself, was betrayed, initially denied the charge, then openly accepted responsibility and met death courageously. It also reports the rumor that he wished to transfer power to the philosopher Seneca. [GREXv3 | Word]  This is almost tailor-made for Grice. Grice e Subrio Flavo: De Candore et Dissimulatione IUDEX. Coniurasti? (Did you conspire?) FLAVVS. Non. (No.) POSTEA (Later) FLAVVS. Ego feci. (I did it.) GRICE. Cur prius negasti? (Why did you deny it at first?) FLAVVS. Tempus aliud fuit. (It was a different moment.)  The fascinating feature is that Flavus is reported to have done both:  deny; confess. [GREXv3 | Word]  For Grice this immediately raises the distinction between:  truth, strategy, sincerity, conversational obligation.  A conspirator under interrogation occupies a peculiar communicative position. Ordinary conversational expectations break down. One no longer assumes complete cooperation with the questioner.  The Seneca Rumor The additional rumor is even more interesting:  that Flavus planned not merely to kill Nero but also to hand power to the philosopher Seneca. [GREXv3 | Word]  Whether true or false, the report shows how political life depends upon testimony, rumor, and reconstruction of intentions. The question becomes:  What did Flavus really mean to do?  The facts are inseparable from competing interpretations. But Flavus is much richer philosophically.  A Gricean irony Flavus reportedly first denied and then accepted responsibility. [GREXv3 | Word] A naïve philosopher might ask:  Which statement revealed the man?  Grice would probably answer:  neither statement can be understood apart from the conversational situation in which it was made.  Meaning is not merely what is uttered. It is what a speaker is attempting to achieve by uttering it.  Dry Speranzian formula  The Stenii teach testimony; the Subrii teach sincerity under pressure. Subrius Flavus first denied participation in Nero's conspiracy and later accepted responsibility. Grice would observe that utterances are performed under circumstances. A statement made in a courtroom, an interrogation, or on the scaffold cannot be interpreted as though it were spoken in an ordinary conversation. [GREXv3 | Word]  And there is one final Gricean touch: Flavus is remembered less for what he did than for what he said when accused of doing it. That is a very Roman, and very Gricean, fate.

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali: Subrio – Ossia: Grice e Subrio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Subrio. Why not Sextus Subrius Dexter? A good second-place candidate is:  Sextus Subrius Dexter,  who entered the Praetorian camp to determine whether the Guard would remain loyal to Galba. [GREXv3 | Word] That is also a communicative problem:  discovering intentions from what people say and do.

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali: Suedio – Ossia: Grice e Suedio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Suedio. The gens Suedia was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome. Few members of this gens are mentioned by ancient historians, but others are known from inscriptions.  Origin The nomen Suedius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed using the suffix -idius or -edius, originally based on names ending in -idus, but later applied to other names without regard to morphology.[1] Most of the Suedii known from epigraphy came from Umbria or Picenum, indicating that they were likely of Umbrian or Picentine origin, although the surname Sabinus and its diminutive, Sabellus, borne by two of this gens, suggests that at least some of the family claimed Sabine descent.[2]  Praenomina The only praenomina attested among the Suedii are Lucius, Titus, and Quintus, all of which were among the most common names throughout Roman history.  Members This list includes abbreviated praenomina. For an explanation of this practice, see filiation. Suedia, buried at Aquae Sirenses in Mauretania Caesariensis, aged eighty-five.[3] Lucius Suedius Bassus, one of the municipal duumvirs at Lucus Feroniae in Etruria in the first half of the second century. His colleague was Gaius Masurius Capito.[4] Titus Suedius Clemens, a centurion primipilus, and one of the commanders of Otho's expeditionary force against Vitellius in AD 69. Suedius was more concerned with his popularity than with the discipline of the soldiers under his command, who despoiled the villages of Alpes Maritimae. He seems to have survived Otho, and was restored to favour under Vespasian, serving as a judex in Pompeii. In AD 79, Suedius was a praefectus castrorum serving in Egypt.[5][6][7][8][9][10] Quintus Suedius Ɔ. l. Communis, a freedman who, along with Suedia Doris, probably his wife, dedicated a tomb at Firmum Picenum, dating from the first half of the first century, to their freedman, Syrus, aged eighteen.[11] Suedia Doris, a freedwoman who, together with Quintus Suedius Communis, probably her husband, dedicated a tomb at Firmum Picenum, dating from the first half of the first century, for their freedman, Syrus, aged eighteen. Another inscription records an offering made by Doris to the gods.[11][12] Suedius Isaeus, buried at Haedui in Gallia Lugdunensis, in a tomb dating to the early third century.[13] Lucius Suedius Jucundus, recorded in a first-century inscription as one of the Seviri Augustales at Aquileia in Venetia and Histria.[14] Lucius Suedius Liccaeus, a first-century inhabitant of Aquileia.[14] Titus Suedius Primigenius, dedicated a second- or third-century sepulchre at Pisaurum in Umbria for Sextus Fullonius Justus and his son, Severus.[15] Titus Suedius Proculus, listed among the donors to the temple of Jupiter at Pisaurum, dating between the reigns of Trajan and Antoninus Pius.[16] Lucius Suedius Sabellus, a first-century inhabitant of Aquileia.[14] Lucius Suedius Sabinus, one of the donors to the temple of Jupiter at Pisaurum during the early second century.[16] Suedia Victorina, buried at Pisaurum, in a tomb dedicated by Publius Gargilius, perhaps her husband.[17] See also List of Roman gentes References  Chase, pp. 121, 122.  Chase, pp. 113, 114.  CIL VIII, 21580.  AE 1978, 303.  Tacitus, Historiae, i. 87, ii. 12 ff.  AE 1929, 192, AE 2001, 796, AE 2001, 797.  CIL IV, 768, CIL IV, 791, CIL IV, 905, CIL IV, 1059, CIL IV, 5574, CIL IV, 7203, CIL IV, 7780, CIL X, 1018, CIL III, 33.  Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. III, p. 930 ("Suedius Clemens").  PW, "Titus Suedius Clemens".  PIR, S. 687.  CIL IX, 5411.  CIL IX, 5349.  CIL XIII, 2590.  CIL V, 1008.  CIL XI, 8098.  CIL XI, 6310.  CIL XI, 6451. Bibliography Publius Cornelius Tacitus, Historiae. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1849). Theodor Mommsen et alii, Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (The Body of Latin Inscriptions, abbreviated CIL), Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1853–present). René Cagnat et alii, L'Année épigraphique (The Year in Epigraphy, abbreviated AE), Presses Universitaires de France (1888–present). August Pauly, Georg Wissowa, et alii, Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft (Scientific Encyclopedia of the Knowledge of Classical Antiquities, abbreviated RE or PW), J. B. Metzler, Stuttgart (1894–1980). George Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, vol. VIII, pp. 103–184 (1897). Paul von Rohden, Elimar Klebs, & Hermann Dessau, Prosopographia Imperii Romani (The Prosopography of the Roman Empire, abbreviated PIR), Berlin (1898). Category: Roman gentes And from THIS gens? Thanks

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali: Suedio – Ossia: Grice e Suedio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Suedio. For the Suedii, the obvious Gricean is Titus Suedius Clemens. The gens entry gives us much more about him than about any other Suedius: officer under Otho, criticized by Tacitus for preferring popularity to discipline, later restored under Vespasian, serving as a judge at Pompeii and later as a military commander in Egypt. [GREXv3 | Word] What makes him Gricean is the tension between:  being liked  and  doing one's job.  Grice e Suedio Clemente: De Popularitate MILES. Bonus dux est. (He is a good commander.) INTERROGATOR. Cur? (Why?) MILES. Nobis placet. (We like him.) INTERROGATOR. Ergo disciplinam servat? (Then does he maintain discipline?) MILES. Non semper. (Not always.) GRICE. Alia est popularitas, alia auctoritas. (Popularity is one thing, authority another.)  According to the summary, Tacitus faulted Clemens because he was more concerned with his popularity than with keeping his troops under discipline; the soldiers under his command plundered villages in the Alpes Maritimae. [GREXv3 | Word] That creates a classic Gricean contrast:              What is saidWhat is meant"The men love him.""He is a successful leader." But the inference need not follow. Being popular with one's audience is not identical with fulfilling one's function. This resembles Grice's recurring concern that conversational success and mere approval are not the same thing. Dry Speranzian formula  The Subrii teach sincerity under pressure; the Suedii teach the difference between popularity and authority. Titus Suedius Clemens was criticized for preferring the goodwill of his soldiers to strict discipline. Grice would observe that being well received is not the same thing as being correct. A commander, like a conversationalist, must satisfy standards beyond the approval of his audience. [GREXv3 | Word]  And there is a final irony: Clemens' cognomen means "mild" or "gentle," yet the historical question surrounding him is whether excessive gentleness is compatible with effective command. That is exactly the sort of tension Grice liked to expose in apparently straightforward descriptions.

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali: Suedio – Ossia: Grice e Suedio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Suedio. A second candidate: Suedia Doris I am also tempted by Suedia Doris, who together with Quintus Suedius Communis dedicated a tomb to their freedman Syrus. [GREXv3 | Word] The dedication reverses expectations:  former slaves commemorating another freed person, social roles layered upon one another.  That would lend itself to our familiar themes of identity and social description.

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali: Suedio – Ossia: Grice e Suedio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Suedio. A third candidate: the Sabine names The cognomina Sabinus and Sabellus are intriguing because they preserve an ethnic or ancestral claim that may long outlive any real connection with the Sabines. [GREXv3 | Word] That would fit our recurring discussion of names whose descriptive content gradually fades into mere reference.

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali: Suellio – Ossia: Grice e Suellio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Suellio. The gens Suellia was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome. Members of this gens first appear in the time of the Republic, but few are mentioned by ancient writers. Others are known from inscriptions. The Suellii are easily confused with the Suilii, although there is a possibility that the two gentes were in fact identical. The most illustrious of this family was probably Gnaeus Suellius Rufus Marcianus, who was consul during the reign of Commodus.  Origin The nomen Suellius appears to belong to a class of gentilicia typically formed from cognomina with diminutive endings, such as -ulus, or the double diminutive -illus, but occasionally formed directly from surnames without these endings.[1] The greater number of Suellii mentioned in inscriptions came from Samnium, strongly indicating that this gens was of Samnite origin.  Praenomina The Suellii used a variety of common praenomina, chiefly Marcus, Gnaeus, and Gaius. One of the earlier inscriptions provides an example of the relatively distinctive praenomen Vibius, which was relatively uncommon at Rome, although more abundant in the countryside.  Branches and cognomina Most of the Suellii known from epigraphy lived during imperial times, when the surnames assumed by the Roman nobility were highly changeable, but a distinct family of the Suellii at Ligures Baebiani, where they bore the cognomina Flaccus and Rufus. Both of these belonged to an abundant type of cognomen derived from the physical features of individuals, with Flaccus designating someone flabby, or with large or floppy ears, while Rufus, "reddish", usually referred to someone with red hair.[2][3] This family may have originated at Beneventum.[4] Quartus, the surname of a colonial family of north Africa, would originally have designated a fourth son or fourth child.[5]  Members This list includes abbreviated praenomina. For an explanation of this practice, see filiation. Suellia, buried in a second-century family sepulchre at Aufidena in Samnium.[6] Suellius, buried at Beneventum in Samnium, with a monument from his parents.[7] Suellius, buried in a first-century tomb at Herculaneum in Campania.[8] Suellius, named in an inscription from Onnum in Britannia, dating between the middle of the second century and the end of the third.[9] Gaius Suellius, named in an inscription from Rome.[10] Gaius Suellius P. f., named in an inscription from Venafrum in Samnium, dating between 50 and 20 BC.[11] Gnaeus Suellius, buried in a first-century tomb at Uria in Apulia, dedicated by his wife, Suellia Primigenia, and daughter, Suellia Festa.[12] Gnaeus Suellius Cn. f., a quaestor from Beneventum, named together with several others in an inscription dating from the middle or late third century BC.[13][14] Quintus Suellius Q. f., an eques, and one of the local magistrates at Peltuinum in Samnium during the middle or late first century BC, along with Gaius Suellius Aemilianus.[15] Vibius Suellius C. f., an eques, and one of the aediles at Peltuinum during the first half of the first century BC.[16] Gaius Suellius T. f. Aemilianus, an eques, and one of the local magistrates at Peltuinum during the middle or late first century BC, along with Quintus Suellius.[15] Marcus Suellius M. l. Amabilis, one of the freedmen of Marcus Suellius Cruscillio, named in an inscription from Ostia in Latium, dating from the first half of the first century.[17] Suellia Ɔ. P. l. Anna, the freedwoman of Publius Suellius Luscus and his wife, and the wife of Quintus Vergilius Philotimus, was buried with her husband at Ostia, in a sepulchre built by Quintus Vergilius Amphio and Quintus Vergilius Apollonius for them, their freedman, Quintus Vergilius Hilarus, Quintus Vergilius R[...], and Quintus Vergilius Pansa.[18] Lucius Suellius L. l. Apollonius, a freedman named in a sepulchral inscription from Rome, dating to the first half of the first century, along with Suellia Praesta.[19] Gnaeus Suellius Aprilis, named in an inscription from Carnuntum in Pannonia Superior.[20] Marcus Suellius M. l. Bargates, one of the freedmen of Marcus Suellius Cruscillio, named in an inscription from Ostia, dating from the first half of the first century.[17] Suellia M. l. Calemera, the freedwoman of Marcus Suellius Cruscillio, named in an inscription from Ostia, dating from the first half of the first century.[17] Gnaeus Suellius Classetianus Bassus, buried at Beneventum, in a tomb dating to the latter half of the third century, aged forty years, six months.[21] Suellia C. f. Consanica, the priestess of Ceres and Libera, was buried at Aesernia in Samnium, in a tomb dating between 50 BC and AD 50.[22] Marcus Suellius Cruscellio, the former master of the freedmen Marcus Suellius Amabilis, Marcus Suellius Bargates, Suellia Calemera, Marcus Suellius Primus, Marcus Suellius Secundus, and Marcus Suellius Zeno, named in an inscription from Ostia, dating from the first half of the first century.[17] Sextus Suellius Dama[...], dedicated a sepulchre at Beneventum for himself, his wife, Suellia Salvia, and their family.[23] Gnaeus Suellius Cn. l. Eros, a freedman named in a sepulchral inscription from Ligures Baebiani in Samnium.[24] Gnaeus Suellius Eutyches, named in an inscription from Pagus Vetanus in Samnium.[25] Suellia Cn. f. Festa, along with her mother, Suellia Primigenia, dedicated a first-century tomb at Uria to her father, Gnaeus Suellius.[12] Suellius Flaccus, listed among the property owners at Ligures Baebiani in AD 101; his property was valued at 120,000 sestertii. He might be the same as the legate Gnaeus Suellius Flaccus. Either he or another Suellius Flaccus is listed later, together with Suellius Rufus, with property valued at 109,000 sestertii.[26][4] Gnaeus Suellius Flaccus, legate of the Legio III Augusta in Africa Proconsularis in AD 87, dedicated an altar to Jupiter at Theveste. He may be the same Suellius Flaccus who later lived at Ligures Baebiani.[27][4][28] Suellia Fortunata, buried at Rome, aged seventy-five.[29] Suellius Fortunatus, a member of the builders' guild at Ostia in AD 198.[30] Quintus Suellius Fortunius, a young man buried at Rome during the latter half of the second century, aged twenty-five years, ten months, and twenty-five days, in a tomb dedicated by his father.[31] Suellia Grata, buried at Rome during the early second century, in a tomb dedicated by her husband, Lucius Annius Esychus.[32] Marcus Suellius Hermes, buried at Ostia between AD 50 and 150, in a tomb dedicated by his wife, Suellia Psyche.[33] Marcus Suellius M[...]s, one of the municipal duumvirs at Ostia in AD 19. He was serving as duumvir for the second time.[34] Marcus Suellius Maximus, a native of Ivanum, was a soldier in the Praetorian Guard in AD 144.[35] Suellia Milevitana, named in a sepulchral inscription from Andematunum in Gallia Belgica.[36] Lucius Suellius Ɔ. l. Nicomachus, buried at Corfinium in Sabinum in a tomb dedicated by Gaius Titacius Tertius, and dating to the late first century BC.[37] Suellius Onesimus, buried at Rome, with a monument from the actor Hector.[38] Marcus Suellius Perpetualis, named in an inscription commemorating the members of a guild at Ostia in AD 145.[39] Gaius Suellius Pontianus, together with his cousin, Suellius Quartus, dedicated a tomb at the site of modern Qasr Manarah, formerly part of Africa Proconsularis, for Quartus' father, also named Suellius Quartus.[40] Suellia L. l. Praesta, a freedwoman named in a sepulchral inscription from Rome, dating to the first half of the first century, along with Lucius Suellius Apollonius.[19] Suellia Primigenia, along with her daughter, Suellia Festa, dedicated a first-century tomb at Uria for her husband, Gnaeus Suellius.[12] Suellius Primus, dedicated a tomb for his wife, Crispia Amanda, aged seventy, at Ligures Baebiani, dating between AD 150 and 230.[41] Marcus Suellius M. l. Primus, one of the freedmen of Marcus Suellius Cruscillio, named in an inscription from Ostia, dating from the first half of the first century.[17] Suellia Prisca, dedicated a second- or third-century monument at Luceria in Apulia for her husband, Lucius Gavellius Felix.[42] Suellia M. l. Psyche, a freedwoman, and the wife of Marcus Suellius Hermes, for whom she built a tomb at Ostia, dating from the latter half of the first century, or the first half of the second.[33] Suellius Quartus, dedicated a tomb at the present site of El-Kley, formerly part of Africa Proconsularis, for his son, Marcus Suellius Quartus. He might be the same Suellius Quartus buried at modern Qasr Manarah, with a monument from his son, also named Suellius Quartus, and his cousin, Gaius Suellius Pontianus.[43][40] Suellius Quartus, along with his cousin, Gaius Suellius Pontianus, dedicated a tomb at modern Qasr Manarah for his father, also named Suellius Quartus.[40] Marcus Suellius Quartus, buried at the present site of El-Kley, aged thirty-six years, thirty days, with a monument from his father, Suellius Quartus.[43] Suellius Rufus, named in an inscription commemorating one of the guilds at Portus in Latium.[44] Suellius Rufus, together with Suellius Flaccus, possibly the legate of that name, was listed among the property owners at Ligures Baebiani in AD 101, with property valued at 109,000 sestertii.[26] Gnaeus Suellius Cn. f. Rufus Marcianus, a youth from a senatorial family, listed among the heirs of Julia Valeria Marciana Crispinilla in an inscription from Puteoli in Campania, dating between AD 165 and 172. He was consul in an uncertain year between AD 184 and 192, and Legatus Augusti pro praetore of Thracia[i] between AD 189 and 191. An inscription from Crete refers to him as proconsul. As curator of the temples and public works at Rome, he made a dedication to the Magna Mater on the sixth day before the Kalends of April[ii] in AD 192.[45][46][47][48] Suellia Ɔ. l. Sabina, a freedwoman named in an inscription from Beneventum.[49] Suellia Salvia, buried in a family sepulchre at Beneventum, dedicated by her husband, Sextus Suellius Dama[...].[23] Suellius Saturninus, one of the duplicarii, or soldiers entitled to double pay, in the Legio III Augusta at Lambaesis in Numidia during the reign of Elagabalus.[50] Marcus Suellius M. l. Saturus, a freedman named in an inscription from Rome.[51] Suellius Secundinus, probably a freedman serving in the Vigiles, who participated in a military play in the role of stupidus, a fool, in AD 212.[52] Marcus Suellius M. l. Secundus, one of the freedmen of Marcus Suellius Cruscillio, named in an inscription from Ostia, dating from the first half of the first century.[17] Suellius Septiminus, dedicated a fourth-century sepulchre at Salona in Dalmatia for his wife, Desidiena Profutura, and son, also named Suellius Septiminus.[53] Suellius Septiminus, buried at Salona, along with his mother, Desidiena Profutura, with a monument from his father, also named Suellius Septiminus.[53] Marcus Suellius Sindaeus, named in a sepulchral inscription from Bovianum Undecimanorum in Samnium, dating between 27 BC and AD 50.[54] Gnaeus Suellius Vitalio, a soldier in the century of Septimius Romulus, in the fifth cohort of the Vigiles at Rome in AD 205.[55] Titus Suellius Vitalis, buried at Uchi Maius, where he had lived for sixteen years.[56] Marcus Suellius M. l. Zeno, one of the freedmen of Marcus Suellius Cruscillio, named in an inscription from Ostia, dating from the first half of the first century.[17] See also List of Roman gentes Notes  Erroneously given as Moesia Inferior in an inscription.  March 27 References  Chase, pp. 122–124.  Chase, pp. 109, 110.  New College Latin & English Dictionary, s.v. flaccus.  PW, Suellius 2.  New College Latin & English Dictionary, s.v. quartus.  CIL IX, 6872.  CIL IX, 1977.  RSP, 2000-277.  CIL VII, 560.  CIL VI, 35217.  CIL X, 4996.  AE 2005, 393.  CIL IX, 1636.  PW, Suellius 1.  CIL IX, 3440.  CIL IX, 7531.  CIL XIV, 1647.  CIL XIV, 1748.  CIL VI, 16166a.  Hild, Supplementum epigraphicum zu CIL III, 353.  AE 2013, 335.  CIL IX, 2670.  CIL IX, 1978.  CIL IX, 1487.  CIL IX, 1504.  CIL IX, 1455.  AE 1940, 70.  PIR, S. 689.  CIL VI, 7968.  CIL IVDLXIX, {{{2}}}.  CIL VI, 26921.  CIL VI, 11729.  AE 2015, 234.  Fasti Ostienses, CIL XIV, 244.  CIL VI, 2379.  CAG, 52-2, p. 108.  CIL IX, 7337.  CIL VI, 9116.  CIL XIV, 247.  CIL VIII, 963.  Clauss-Slaby Epigraphik Datenbank, EDCS-64901009.  AE 2001, 879b.  CIL VIII, 11161.  CIL XIV, 424.  AE 1986, 155, AE 1987, 893.  CIL VI, 3702.  PW, Suellius 3, 4.  PIR, S. 690, 692.  CIL IX, 1979.  CIL VIII, 2564.  CIL VI, 10388.  CIL VI, 1063.  CIL III, 9028.  CIL IX, 6704.  CIL VI, 1057.  ILAfr, 590. Bibliography Theodor Mommsen et alii, Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (The Body of Latin Inscriptions, abbreviated CIL), Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1853–present). Gustav Wilmanns, Inscriptiones Africae Latinae (Latin Inscriptions from Africa, abbreviated ILAfr), Georg Reimer, Berlin (1881). René Cagnat et alii, L'Année épigraphique (The Year in Epigraphy, abbreviated AE), Presses Universitaires de France (1888–present). August Pauly, Georg Wissowa, et alii, Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft (Scientific Encyclopedia of the Knowledge of Classical Antiquities, abbreviated RE or PW), J. B. Metzler, Stuttgart (1894–1980). George Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, vol. VIII, pp. 103–184 (1897). Paul von Rohden, Elimar Klebs, & Hermann Dessau, Prosopographia Imperii Romani (The Prosopography of the Roman Empire, abbreviated PIR), Berlin (1898). Friedrich Hild, Supplementum epigraphicum zu CIL III: das pannonische Niederösterreich, Burgenland und Wien 1902–1968 (Epigraphic Supplement to CIL III: Pannonian Lower Austria, Burgenland, and Vienna 1902–1968), Vienna (1968). La Carte Archéologique de la Gaule (Archaeological Map of Gaul, abbreviated CAG), Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (1931–present). Emilio Magaldi, Rivista di Studi Pompeiani (Journal of Pompeian Studies, abbreviated RSP), Tipografia G. Torella & Figlio, Napoli (1934–present). John C. Traupman, The New College Latin & English Dictionary, Bantam Books, New York (1995). Category: Roman gentes And from THIS gens? Thanks

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali: Suellio – Ossia: Grice e Suellio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Suellio. or the Suellii, there are several attractive figures, but I think the most Gricean is unquestionably Titus Suedius Clemens' near-namesake counterpart:  Gnaeus Suellius Rufus Marcianus, consul under Commodus and later curator of temples and public works. [GREXv3 | Word]  Yet historically important people are not always philosophically the most interesting.

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali: Suellio – Ossia: Grice e Suellio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Suellio. For Grice, I would actually choose:  Suellius Secundinus, who participated in a military performance in the role of stupidus ("the fool") in AD 212. [GREXv3 | Word]  Why? Because this raises the distinction between:  saying something foolish, pretending to be foolish, being understood as pretending to be foolish.  That is pure Grice. Grice e Suellio Secundino: De Simulato Stupore ACTOR. Stultus sum. (I am a fool.) AUDITOR. Non es. (You are not.) ACTOR. Cur rides ergo? (Why then do you laugh?) GRICE. Quia intellegimus te stultum agere, non esse. (Because we understand that you are acting the fool, not being one.) The joke works only because the audience recognizes an intention:  "He wants us to see that he is pretending."  Without that recognition, there is no comedy. Dry Speranzian formula  The Strabonii teach that descriptions become names. The Suellii teach that roles become meanings. Suellius Secundinus appeared in a military performance as the fool. Grice would observe that successful acting depends upon a hearer's recognizing intention. The actor is understood precisely because nobody mistakes the role for reality. [GREXv3 | Word]  And there is a final Gricean irony:  a real fool cannot successfully pretend to be wise, but a wise man can successfully pretend to be a fool. The communicative achievement lies in getting the audience to see the difference.

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali: Suellio – Ossia: Grice e Suellio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Suellio. A close second: Suellia Consanica Another excellent candidate is:  Suellia Consanica, priestess of Ceres and Libera. [GREXv3 | Word]  Religious offices constantly involve symbolic language, ritual utterance, and conventional meaning, all themes that interested Grice.

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali: Suellio – Ossia: Grice e Suellio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Suellio. A third possibility: the freedmen of Cruscillio The Ostian inscription listing:  Marcus Suellius Amabilis Marcus Suellius Bargates Marcus Suellius Primus Marcus Suellius Secundus Marcus Suellius Zeno  and others as freedmen of Marcus Suellius Cruscillio is fascinating because it creates a network of naming and social identity. [GREXv3 | Word] One name, many persons, changing legal statuses. Very much in the spirit of our discussions of description and reference.

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali: Suellio – Ossia: Grice e Suellio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Suellio. A nomen-based joke The cognomina in this gens are themselves suggestive:  Flaccus ("floppy-eared" originally), Rufus ("red-haired"), Quartus ("fourth child"). [GREXv3 | Word]  Like Strabo, these begin as descriptions and end as names. A later Suellius Rufus need not have red hair at all. Grice would enjoy that as evidence that reference survives after descriptive content has faded.

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali:Suetonio – Ossia: Grice e Suetonio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Suetonio. Suetonio The gens Suetonia was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome. Members of this gens are first mentioned in the reign of Claudius, under whom the general Gaius Suetonius Paulinus, consul in AD 66, won his first military victories; but the family is perhaps best known for the historian Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, who flourished toward the beginning of the second century.  Origin The origin of the Suetonii is nowhere mentioned in ancient writers, but several of them came from Pisaurum in Umbria, suggesting that this may be their original home.[1]  Praenomina The main praenomina of the Suetonii were Gaius and Lucius, the two most common names at all periods of Roman history. The only other names found among the inscriptions of this family are Sextus and Titus.  Branches and cognomina The only distinct family of the Suetonii bore the cognomen Paulinus or Paullinus, derived from the common surname Paullus, meaning "small", which could be bestowed on account of a person's stature, or upon the youngest child in a family.[2] It is not known whether or how the historian Suetonius was related to this family.[1]  Members This list includes abbreviated praenomina. For an explanation of this practice, see filiation. Lucius Suetonius L. l. Mama, a freedman named in an inscription from Rome, dating to the middle or later first century BC.[3] Gaius Suetonius Paulinus, a celebrated general under the emperors Claudius, Nero, and Otho. As propraetor in Mauretania in AD 42, he defeated the Moors, and probably earned his first consulship.[i] He was governor of Britannia from 59 to about 61, and put down the revolt of Boadicea. He was consul in 66, and one of Otho's generals during his war against Vitellius. He won an important victory, but after Otho's defeat, Paulinus surrendered to Vitellius, who pardoned him.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][1][13][14] Suetonia C. f. Faustula, ostensibly the daughter of Gaius Suetonius Paulinus, the governor of Britain, buried at the present site of Wotton-under-Edge. The inscription is thought to be modern.[15] Gaius Suetonius Callistus, buried in a first-century tomb at the site of modern Montopoli di Sabina in Sabinum.[16] Suetonia T. l. Dionysia, a freedwoman named in a first-century inscription from the site of modern Stroncone, formerly part of Sabinum.[17] Suetonia C. C. Ɔ. l. Pelagia, a freedwoman named in a first-century inscription from Rome.[18] Suetonius Laetus, father of the historian Suetonius, was a tribune angusticlavius in the Legio XIII Gemina, fought in AD 69 between the forces of Otho and Vitellius.[19][20][21] Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, the historian, was a friend of the younger Pliny the Younger, through whose influence he became tribune of the plebs, and was granted the jus trium liberorum by Trajan. He was magister epistolarum[ii] under Hadrian, although he was later deprived of his office, along with many others, on suspicion of having become overly familiar with the empress Sabina. Suetonius was a grammarian, and wrote numerous works, several of which have survived.[23][24][25][26] Gaius Suetonius Claudianus, an eques at Caere in Etruria, where he served as aedile jure dicundo and praefectus aerarii, or treasurer, according to an inscription dating from AD 113.[27] Gaius Suetonius Paullinus, a native of Pisaurum in Umbria, was a soldiers in the Praetorian Guard in AD 144.[28] Lucius Suetonius Januarius, dedicated a second-century tomb at Interamna Nahars in Umbria for his father, Titus Mevidius Apollinaris.[29] Gaius Suetonius C. f. Marcellinus, a native of Pisaurum, mentioned in a list of soldiers stationed at Rome in AD 154.[30] Suetonius Germanus, together with his wife, Licinia, made an offering to Anna Perenna at Rome on the Nones of Aprilis[iii] in AD 156.[31] Suetonius Taurus, a frumentarius, and one of the heirs of Marcus Orbius, a soldier buried at Rome, aged thirty-five, with a tomb dating between AD 150 and 250, and dedicated by Taurus and Marcus Valerius Dionysius, Orbius' client and the other heir. Orbius, a native of Aquae Sextiae, had been an optio, and after serving for seventeen years, was made a centurion fifty-one days before his death.[32] Suetonius Paulinus, a soldier in the first cohort of the Vigiles in AD 205.[33] Suetonius Optatianus, said by Vopiscus to have written a detailed biography of the emperor Marcus Claudius Tacitus. From his name, and the fact that he is not mentioned by any other source, modern scholars suspect that he was an invention of Vopiscus.[34][35][36] Suetonius Jovinus, a native of Dyrrachium in Epirus, buried in a fourth-century tomb at Brattia in Dalmatia, aged sixty, having died on January 3.[37] Undated Suetonii Lucius Suetonius Crescens, dedicated a tomb at Ateste in Venetia and Histria for his wife Suetonia Logas.[38] Gaius Suetonius Diodorus, buried at Rome, with a monument dedicated by his friend, Postumius Fortunatus, and the freedwoman Primitia, one of his clients.[39] Suetonius Fidus, named in a sepulchral inscription from Theveste in Africa Proconsularis.[40] Gaius Suetonius Januarius, prefect of the Cohors I Chalcidenorum, one of the Roman Auxilia stationed in Numidia, dedicated a tomb for his wife, Papiria Irena, at the present site of Bir Um Ali.[41] Suetonia L. l. Logas, buried at Ateste, with a monument from her husband, Lucius Suetonius Crescens.[38] Sextus Suetonius Sex. l. Philodamus, dedicated a tomb at Pisae in Etruria to the freedwoman Suetonia Zophrona, perhaps his wife.[42] Gaius Suetonius Rogatus, buried at Theveste, aged eighty, with a monument from his children.[43] Suetonia Sex. l. Zophrona, a freedwoman buried at Pisae, in a tomb dedicated by the freedman Sextus Suetonius Philodamus, perhaps her husband.[42] See also List of Roman gentes Notes  Paulinus may have been one of the suffecti in 42 or 43, but the details are unknown. He would almost certainly not have been appointed governor of Britain unless he were of consular rank.[4] He was consul ordinarius in 66, probably holding the office from January to June, as a reward for his long and faithful service.[5]  "Master of Letters", in this instance a secretary in charge of Hadrian's correspondence.[22]  April 5. The Nones were the ninth day before the Ides, counting inclusively, and the Ides of April fell on the 13th. References  Birley, "Suetonius Paullinus".  New College Latin and English Dictionary, s.v. paullus.  CIL VI, 37522.  Gallivan, "The Fasti for the Reign of Claudius", pp. 418 ff, 426.  Gallivan, "Reign of Nero", pp. 292, 295, 310.  Cassius Dio, lx. 9, lxii. 1–12.  Pliny the Elder, Historia Naturalis, v. 1.  Tacitus, Annales, xiv. 39–47, xvi. 14; Agricola, 5, 14–16; Historiae, i. 87, 90, ii. 23–26, 31–41, 44, 60.  Suetonius, "The Life of Nero", 39.  Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. III, pp. 145, 146 ("Paulinus, C. Suetonius").  PW, Suetonius 3.  PIR, S. 694.  CIL XI, 395, CIL VI, 8639.  AE 1925, 11, AE 1946, 124, AE 2002, 512.  RIB, i. 2368  CIL IX, 4869.  CIL IX, 4765.  CIL VI, 38943.  Suetonius, "The Life of Otho", 10.  PW, Suetonius 1.  PIR, S. 691.  Orelli, Inscriptionum Latinarum, 2352.  Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. III, pp. 930, 931 ("C. Suetonius Tranquillus").  AE 1953, 73.  PW, Suetonius 4.  PIR, S. 695.  CIL XI, 3614.  CIL VI, 2379.  AE 2002, 433.  CIL VI, 2380.  AE 2003, 252, AE 2003, 253.  CIL VI, 3328.  CIL VI, 1056.  Flavius Vopiscus, "The Life of Tacitus", 11.  PIR, S. 693.  PW, Suetonius 2.  CIL III, 6427.  AE 1992, 736.  CIL VI, 26925.  ILAlg, i. 3374.  CIL VIII, 2090.  CIL XI, 1492.  ILAlg, i. 3375. Bibliography Gaius Plinius Secundus (Pliny the Elder), Historia Naturalis (Natural History). Publius Cornelius Tacitus, De Vita et Moribus Iulii Agricolae (On the Life and Mores of Julius Agricola); Annales; Historiae. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, De Vita Caesarum (Lives of the Caesars, or The Twelve Caesars). Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus (Cassius Dio), Roman History. Aelius Lampridius, Aelius Spartianus, Flavius Vopiscus, Julius Capitolinus, Trebellius Pollio, and Vulcatius Gallicanus, Historia Augusta (Lives of the Emperors). Johann Caspar von Orelli, Inscriptionum Latinarum Selectarum Amplissima Collectio (An Extensive Collection of Select Latin Inscriptions), Orell Füssli, Zürich (1828). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1849). Theodor Mommsen et alii, Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (The Body of Latin Inscriptions, abbreviated CIL), Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1853–present). René Cagnat et alii, L'Année épigraphique (The Year in Epigraphy, abbreviated AE), Presses Universitaires de France (1888–present). August Pauly, Georg Wissowa, et alii, Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft (Scientific Encyclopedia of the Knowledge of Classical Antiquities, abbreviated PW), J. B. Metzler, Stuttgart (1894–1980). Paul von Rohden, Elimar Klebs, & Hermann Dessau, Prosopographia Imperii Romani (The Prosopography of the Roman Empire, abbreviated PIR), Berlin (1898). Stéphane Gsell, Inscriptions Latines de L'Algérie (Latin Inscriptions from Algeria, abbreviated ILAlg), Edouard Champion, Paris (1922–present). Paul A. Gallivan, "Some Comments on the Fasti for the Reign of Nero", in Classical Quarterly, vol. 24, pp. 290–311 (1974); "The Fasti for the Reign of Claudius", in Classical Quarterly, vol. 28, pp. 407–426 (1978). John C. Traupman, The New College Latin & English Dictionary, Bantam Books, New York (1995). Anthony Birley, "Suetonius Paullinus, Gaius", in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press (2004). Categories: Roman gentesSuetonii And from THIS gens? Thanks

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali:Suetonio – Ossia: Grice e Suetonio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Suetonio. For the Suetonii, there is almost an embarrassment of riches, because two of them are already naturally Gricean:  Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, the biographer and author of the Lives of the Caesars. [GREXv3 | Word] Gaius Suetonius Paulinus, the general and governor of Britain. [GREXv3 | Word]  But if we are playing the "Grice e ..." game, I think the winner has to be Suetonius Tranquillus. [GREXv3 | Word] Grice e Suetonio: De Rumore et Testimonio Suetonius is fascinating because he constantly reports things such as:  "it was said," "there was a rumor," "some thought," "others relate."  His biographies are full of reported speech and attributed belief. A Gricean immediately asks:  What commitment does the author undertake when he reports a rumor?  Not:  "Nero certainly did X."  but:  "People said that Nero did X."  The biographer is reporting a communicative fact rather than guaranteeing a historical fact. SVETONIVS. Hoc dictum est. (This was said.) LECTOR. Ergo verum est? (Then it is true?) SVETONIVS. Non dixi. (I did not say that.) GRICE. Aliud est referre sermonem, aliud affirmare rem. (It is one thing to report a story, another to assert the thing itself.) That is almost a lesson in speaker commitment.  Why Tranquillus rather than Paulinus? Paulinus is historically grander. He crushed the revolt of Boudicca, governed Britain, and appears throughout Tacitus. [GREXv3 | Word] But communicatively, Tranquillus is more interesting. His whole oeuvre raises questions like:  How much responsibility does an author incur when transmitting testimony? What is the difference between quoting and endorsing? How should a reader interpret reports of scandal, gossip, and hearsay?  Those are extremely Gricean questions. Dry Speranzian formula  The Stenii teach testimony; the Subrii teach sincerity under interrogation; the Suetonii teach the difference between reporting and asserting. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus filled his biographies with stories, rumors, and recollections. Grice would remind us that to say "it was said" is not the same thing as saying "it was so." [GREXv3 | Word]  And there is one final irony. Among all Roman writers, Suetonius is perhaps the one who most frequently forces readers to distinguish:  I report that people believed X  from  I believe X.  That distinction lies very close to the heart of Grice's philosophy of communication.

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali:Suetonio – Ossia: Grice e Suetonio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Suetonio. A delightful secondary candidate: Suetonius' father The gens article notes that Suetonius Laetus, father of the historian, fought in the civil wars of AD 69. [GREXv3 | Word] One could almost imagine: LAETVS. Vidi. (I saw.) TRANQVILLVS. Scripsi. (I wrote.) The father's experience becomes the son's testimony.

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali:Suettio – Ossia: Grice e Suettio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Suettio. The gens Suettia or Suetia was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome. Members of this gens are mentioned in the time of Cicero, but none of them achieved any of the higher offices of the Roman state.[1]  Origin The nomen Suettius is probably derived from the Latin adjective suetus, "familiar".[2][3] Chase classifies the nomen among those gentilicia that either originated at Rome, or cannot be shown to have come from anywhere else.[2] However, several early inscriptions of this gens are from Campania, and many others are concentrated in the Campanian cities of Casilinum and Pompeii, strongly hinting at a Campanian origin.[4]  Praenomina The Suettii employed a variety of common praenomina, chiefly Aulus, Gaius, Lucius, Servius, and Sextus. Of these, only Servius was relatively distinctive, although by no means rare. Other praenomina are found on occasion, and in one inscription we find an Anthus Suettius, perhaps an example of a cognomen being used in place of a praenomen, or perhaps an old praenomen more typically found as a surname.[5]  Members This list includes abbreviated praenomina. For an explanation of this practice, see filiation. Servius Suetius Ser. l., a freedman and balneator, or bath attendant, named in an inscription from Casilinum in Campania, dating from 106 BC.[6] Marcus Suetius, the master of the slave Dipilus, named in an inscription dating from Casilinum, dating from 98 BC.[7] Lucius Suetius, an eques called by Cicero as a witness in the trial of Verres.[8][4] Anthus Suettius P. f., a youth buried at Casilinum, aged fifteen, during the latter half of the first century BC, with a monument from his father, Publius.[5] Publius Suettius, dedicated a tomb at Casilinum to his son, Anthus, who died during the latter half of the first century BC.[5] Suettia Ɔ. l. Trophime, a freedwoman buried at Casilinum during the latter half of the first century BC, with a monument dedicated by the freedman Gnaeus Sextius Gorgia.[9] Gaius Suettius, the master of Faustus, a slave named in an inscription from Aquinum in Latium, dating from 13 BC.[10] Suetia Cn. l. Hilara, a freedwoman buried at Allifae in Samnium, during the late first century BC, or early first century AD.[11] Publius Suetius P. l. Musicus, a freedman buried at Casilinum during the late first century BC, or early first century AD.[12] Suettia Proba, buried at Luceria in Apulia during the first half of the first century, in a sepulchre built by her husband, Lucius Aemilius Speratus, an Apollinaris, or priest of Apollo, and Augustalis.[13] Gaius Suettius Blandus, named in a funerary inscription from Puteoli in Campania, dating between AD 1 and 70.[14] Suettia Fausta, named in an inscription from Puteoli, dating between AD 1 and 70.[15] Gaius Suettius Dama, named in an inscription from Pompeii in Campania, dating from AD 38.[16] Sextus Suettius, named in an inscription from Pompeii, dating between AD 30 and 60.[17] Aulus Suettius Ephebus, named in an inscription from Pompeii, dating between AD 30 and 60.[18] Sextus Suettius Romanus, dedicated a first-century tomb at Rome to his patrons, whose names have not been preserved.[19] Suettia Tertia, dedicated four pots at Rome in memory of her husband, the freedman Lucius Mettius Bithus, during the first century.[20] Gaius Suettius Damascenus, named in an inscription from Pompeii, dating from AD 61.[21] Aulus Suettius Felix, named in an inscription from Pompeii, dating from AD 61.[22] Gaius Suettius M[...], named in an inscription from Pompeii, dating from AD 61.[22] Lucius Suettius, one of the aediles at Pompeii.[23] Aulus Suettius Certus, one of the municipal duumvirs at Pompeii between AD 72 and 74. He was also named in connection with a gladiatorial school.[24] Aulus Suettius Partenio, a freedman participating in gladiatorial contests at Puteoli, taking place from the sixteenth to the thirteenth day before the Kalends of April,[i] probably in the late 70s AD.[25] Suettius Sabinus, named in an inscription from Pompeii.[26] Aulus Suettius Verus, one of the aediles at Pompeii in AD 77 or 78, was duumvir between 76 and 78.[27] Servius Suettius Ser. l. Cimber, a freedman who made an offering to Mercury at Casilinum during the first century.[28] Lucius Suetius L. l. Amphio, a freedman at Luna in Etruria, who made an offering to Fortuna during the first or second century.[29] Suetius, named in an inscription from the Roman fort at Vindolanda in Britannia, dating from AD 102.[30] Suettia Iotape, dedicated a second-century tomb at Puteoli to her parents, Minucius Prosdoca and Minucia Euterpe.[31] Quintus Suettius Primigenius, along with Quintus Suettius Valens, one of the priests of Apollo at Philippi in Macedonia, during the second century.[32] Suettia Psyche, dedicated a second-century tomb at Rome to her husband, Lucius Lucretius Martialis, aged fifty.[33] Quintus Suettius Valens, along with Quintus Suettius Primigenius, one of the priests of Apollo at Philippi, during the second century.[32] Suettia L. f. Victoria, buried in a second-century tomb at Puteoli, aged twenty-two years, three months, with a monument from her son, Marcianus, and mother, Tryphenia.[34] Undated Suettii Suettia, the wife of Antigonus, with whom she dedicated a tomb at Rome to their patron, Servius Suettius Demetrius, and the freedman Hermaiscus.[35] Suettius, named in an inscription from Aquinum.[36] Suetius, named in a pottery inscription from Vicus Augusti in Gallia Narbonensis.[37] Sextus Suetius Agathobulus, dedicated a tomb at Rome for his wife, Calvia Marciana, aged thirty.[38] Suettia Auge, buried at Rome.[39] Servius Suettius Ser. l. Demetrius, a freedman buried at Rome, along with the freedman Hermaiscus, in a tomb dedicated by his clients, Antigonus and Suettia.[35] Sextus Suettius Sex. l. Felix, a freedman named in a sepulchral inscription from Rome.[40] Suettius L[...]rax, a freedman, together with his wife, Cornelia Procla, dedicated a tomb at Rome to his patron, Sextus Suettius Romanus.[41] Gaius Suettius Magnus, made an offering at Berytus in Syria.[42] Suettia C. l. Prima, a freedwoman, mentioned in an inscription from Rome, along with the freedman Decimus Junius Philodamus.[43] Suettia L. f. Procula, buried at Castellum Fabatianum in Numidia, aged sixty.[44] Aulus Suettius Pulcher, named in an inscription from Arva in Hispania Baetica.[45] Sextus Suettius Romanus, buried at Rome in a tomb dedicated by his clients, Suettius L[...]rax and Cornelia Procla.[41] Suettia Rustica, buried at Rome.[46] Suetia Tyndaris, buried at Panormus in Sicilia, aged sixty-one years, one month, and eighteen days.[47] See also List of Roman gentes Notes  From March 17 to March 20. References  Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. III, p. 930 ("L. Suetius").  Chase, p. 131.  New College Latin and English Dictionary, s.v. suetus.  PW, L. Suetius.  CIL X, 3014.  CIL X, 3779.  CIL X, 3789.  Cicero, In Verrem, i. 5, ii. 12, v. 47.  CIL X, 4358.  AE 1988, 257.  CIL IX, 2417.  CIL X, 4357.  AE 1983, 223.  CIL X, 2511  CIL X, 2981.  AE 1984, 213.  AE 1986, 169.  AE 1971, 91.  CIL VI, 26930.  CIL VI, 5146.  AE 1973, 142.  AE 1973, 141.  CIL IV, 395.  CIL IV, 249, CIL IV, 597, CIL IV, 797, CIL IV, 1189, CIL IV, 1190.  CIL IV, 9970.  CIL IV, 641.  CIL IV, 426, CIL IV, 447, CIL IV, 1043, CIL IV, 1137.  CIL X, 3822.  CIL XI, 1317.  AE 1996, 958.  AE 2007, 394.  AE 2000, 1326.  CIL VI, 21639.  CIL X, 2982.  CIL VI, 29628.  CIL X, 5563.  CAG, 38-2, p. 81.  CIL VI, 34767.  CIL VI, 26931.  CIL VI, 20792.  CIL VI, 26929.  CIL III, 6681.  CIL VI, 10371.  ILAlg, ii. 2, 4303.  HEp, 1994, 672.  CIL VI, 26932.  CIL X, 7321. Bibliography Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1849). Theodor Mommsen et alii, Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (The Body of Latin Inscriptions, abbreviated CIL), Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1853–present). René Cagnat et alii, L'Année épigraphique (The Year in Epigraphy, abbreviated AE), Presses Universitaires de France (1888–present). August Pauly, Georg Wissowa, et alii, Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft (Scientific Encyclopedia of the Knowledge of Classical Antiquities, abbreviated PW), J. B. Metzler, Stuttgart (1894–1980). George Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, vol. VIII, pp. 103–184 (1897). Stéphane Gsell, Inscriptions Latines de L'Algérie (Latin Inscriptions from Algeria, abbreviated ILAlg), Edouard Champion, Paris (1922–present). La Carte Archéologique de la Gaule (Archaeological Map of Gaul, abbreviated CAG), Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (1931–present). Hispania Epigraphica (Epigraphy of Spain, abbreviated HEp), Madrid (1989–present). John C. Traupman, The New College Latin & English Dictionary, Bantam Books, New York (1995). Category: Roman gentes And from THIS gens? Thanks

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali:Suettio – Ossia: Grice e Suettio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Suettio. For the Suettii, I think the most Gricean figure is not the witness in the Verrines (tempting though that is), but Lucius Suetius, the eques whom Cicero called as a witness against Verres. The gens article explicitly preserves that fact, and it immediately connects the Suettii to one of the great Roman laboratories of testimony. [GREXv3 | Word] Grice e Suetio: De Teste CICERO. Testem produco. (I call a witness.) VERRES. Quid refert? (What does it matter?) TESTIS. Vidi. (I saw it.) GRICE. Non res ipsa loquitur, sed testis. (It is not the thing itself that speaks, but the witness.) The point is thoroughly Gricean. A court almost never has direct access to events themselves. It has:  testimony, reports, recollections, credibility.  The philosophical question is therefore not merely:  What happened?  but  Why should we believe this speaker?  That is very close to what we found earlier with Sthenius in the Verrines. Dry Speranzian formula  The Strabonii teach that descriptions become names; the Suettii teach that familiarity becomes authority. Lucius Suetius appears as a witness in Cicero's prosecution of Verres. Grice would note that testimony depends not merely on what is said, but on a hearer's readiness to trust the speaker. The witness stands midway between the event and the audience. [GREXv3 | Word]

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali:Suettio – Ossia: Grice e Suettio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Suettio. A close second: Aulus Suettius Certus Another attractive candidate is Aulus Suettius Certus, municipal duumvir at Pompeii and associated with a gladiatorial school. [GREXv3 | Word] The cognomen Certus is irresistible. CERTVS. Certus sum. (I am certain.) GRICE. De quo? (Of what?) Just as we discussed Clemens, Severus, and Rufus, a descriptive cognomen invites inferences which may have little to do with the actual person.

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali:Suettio – Ossia: Grice e Suettio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Suettio. A third possibility: the nomen itself The etymology is especially interesting:  Suettius ← suetus ("accustomed", "familiar"). [GREXv3 | Word]  That almost sounds as if the whole gens were dedicated to one of Grice's favorite topics:  the familiar, the ordinary, established usage.  A Gricean slogan might be:  Meaning begins where expressions become familiar.  Not because familiarity guarantees correctness, but because linguistic practice creates expectations.

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali:Suettio – Ossia: Grice e Suettio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Suettio. My favorite Sparanzian vignette Grice e Suetio Certo: De Certitudine CERTVS. Certus vocor. (I am called Certus.) INTERROGATOR. Ergo certus es? (Then are you certain?) CERTVS. Nomen est. (It is a name.) GRICE. Noli ex nomine inferre rem. (Do not infer the thing from the name.) That would fit beautifully with our recent Strabonian discussion. Just as "Strabo" ceased to imply squinting, "Certus" need not imply certainty. The descriptive content becomes genealogical and referential.

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali: Suillio – Ossia: Grice e Suillio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Suillio. The gens Suillia, occasionally written Suilia, was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome. Members of this gens are first mentioned under the early Empire. The first of the Suillii to obtain the consulship was Publius Suillius Rufus, early in the reign of Claudius.[1]  Origin The nomen Suillius appears to belong to a class of gentilicia typically formed from cognomina with diminutive endings, such as -ulus, or the double diminutive -illus, but occasionally formed directly from surnames without these endings.[2] Plutarch derives the name from suillus, a Latin adjective relating to swine, which he notes were, along with other livestock, among the principal measures of value in early Rome.[3][4] The nomen is easily confused with that of the Suellia gens, with which it might perhaps be identical. Like the Suillii, the Suellii used the cognomen Rufus, although that surname was abundant enough to arise by chance in unrelated families. However, while the epigraphy of the Suellia gens places their origin firmly in Samnium, none of the Suillii are found in that region, although several inscriptions of this gens are from other parts of Italy, including Etruria and Campania.  Praenomina The main praenomina of the Suillia gens were Publius and Marcus, both among the most common names at all periods of Roman history. In inscriptions we also find Manius, Gaius, Lucius, and Titus.  Branches and cognomina Only one distinct branch of this family occurs in history, consisting of the descendants of Publius Suillius Rufus, whose surname belongs to a common type of cognomen derived from the physical features of individuals, and originally designating someone with red hair.[5] It is not clear whether this surname was inherited from earlier generations, or passed down to his descendants, as his sons bore the surnames Caesoninus and Nerullinus, presumably alluding to their maternal forebears; however, there appears to have been a Suillius Rufus among the African colonials of this gens, though there is no evidence to show whether he was a descendant of the same stirps, or merely shared a ubiquitous surname.[6]  Members This list includes abbreviated praenomina. For an explanation of this practice, see filiation. Suillii Rufi Publius Suillius Rufus, the half-brother of Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo, was the quaestor of Germanicus, but banished by Tiberius for accepting bribes while a judex. Recalled by Claudius, he became a trusted advisor to the emperor, and was consul in AD 41; but he wasted his talents and was too easily influenced by money, and was banished again by Nero. Suillius was a son-in-law of the poet Ovid.[7][8][9][10][11][12][13] (Publius) Suillius P. f. Caesoninus, accused of complicity in the scandalous marriage of Gaius Silius and the empress Messalina, was spared execution on the grounds that "his part had been the reverse of masculine".[i][14][15][16] Marcus Suillius P. f. Nerullinus, consul in AD 50, was spared punishment when his father was banished by Nero, and was proconsul of Asia at the beginning of the reign of Vespasian.[17][18][19][20][21] Publius Suillius (P. f.) Rufus, hypothesized to be a third son of Rufus, and the brother of Caesoninus and Nerullinus, may instead be the same person as Rufus.[22] Suillia, daughter of the consul Nerullinus[23] Marcus Suillius (M. f. P. n.) Nerullinus, named on a coin from Hierapolis in Asia, is perhaps the Nerullinus known to Athenagoras, in which case he may have been the son of the consul Nerullinus, and governor of Asia under the Antonines.[24][25][26] Others Suillius, named in an inscription from Vasio in Gallia Narbonensis.[27] Suillius, named in a pottery inscription from Noviomagus Batavorum in Germania Inferior.[28] Marcus Suillius M. f., named in a sepulchral inscription from Spoletium in Umbria.[29] Publius Suillius P. (f?), named in an inscription from Mediolanum in Gallia Lugdunensis, mentioning Gaius Prastina Placatus, the provincial governor at some point in the reign of Antoninus Pius.[30] Titus Suillius Albanus, a native of Nicaea, and veteran of twenty-five years' service, was buried at Misenum in Campania, in his fifties, in a tomb dating from the middle or late second century, dedicated by Antonius Quadratus, Aemilius Quadratus, and his freedwoman, Suillia Eugenia.[31] Publius Suillius Celer, one of the curatores of the tribus Suburana in AD 70.[32] Manius Suillius M'. f. Celsus, a scriba at Rome, and the former master of Manius Suillius Philodamus.[33] Publius Suillius Cerylus, buried at Pisae in Etruria, aged fifty-three.[34] Suillia T. l. Eugenia, freedwoman of Titus Suillius Albanus, for whom she joined Antonius Quadratus and Aemilius Quadratus in dedicating a second-century tomb at Misenum.[31] Suillia Firmina, dedicated a monument at Scupi in Moesia Superior, dating to the first half of the second century, to her husband, Marcus Ulpius Julius Augustalis, aged seventy-six.[35] Suillia Firmina, buried in a family sepulchre at Municipium Turcetanum in Africa Proconsularis, aged twenty-five, along with her father-in-law, Lucius Licinius Felix Egnatianus, aged sixty-nine, and son, Lucius Licinius Victorinus Ampelianus, aged seven.[36] Suillius Genialis, the infant son of Rufus, buried at Thysdrus in Africa Proconsularis, aged one year, seven months, and twelve days.[6] Suillia Halina, one of the daughters of Valeria Successa, the wife of Lucius Valerius Halys, buried in a first-century tomb at Rome, with a monument from her husband and children.[37] Publius Suillius Halo, one of the sons of Valeria Successa, the wife of Lucius Valerius Halys, buried in a first-century tomb at Rome, with a monument from her husband and children.[37] Publius Suillius Philadelphus, one of the sons of Valeria Successa, the wife of Lucius Valerius Halys, buried in a first-century tomb at Rome, with a monument from her husband and children.[37] Quintus Suillius Philargurus, named in a pottery inscription from Abellinum in Campania.[38] Manius Suillius M'. l. Philodamus, freedman of the scriba Manius Suillius Celsus, named in an inscription from Rome.[33] Suillia Priscilla, buried at Rome, in a tomb dedicated by Rubrius.[39] Suillius Saturninus, dioichetes of Egypt in AD 194.[40] Suillia Secunda, buried at Rusellae in Etruria, aged twelve, with a monument from her parents, Suillius Secundus and Nemusa, dating to the second or early third century.[41] Suillius Secundus, together with his wife, Nemusa, dedicated a second- or early third-century tomb at Rusellae for their daughter, Suillia Secunda.[41] Lucius Suillius C. f. Tiro, buried at Ateste in Venetia and Histria.[42] See also List of Roman gentes Footnotes  As translated by John Jackson, for the Loeb Classical Library. Here Tacitus implies that Caesoninus had taken a passive homosexual role, which Claudius regarded as sufficiently degrading to spare the young man's life. References  Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. III, p. 677 ("Rufus, P. Suillius").  Chase, pp. 122–124.  Plutarch, "The Life of Poplicola", 11; "Quaestiones Romanae", 41.  PW, Suillius.  Chase, pp. 109, 110.  AE 1939, 29.  Tacitus, Annales, iv. 31, xi. 1, 4, 5, xiii. 42, 43.  Pliny the Elder, Historia Naturalis, vii. 4. s. 5.  Ovid, Epistulae ex Ponto, iv. 8.  AE 1973, 152.  CIL VI, 24729, CIL II, 3703.  PW, Suillius 4.  PIR, S. 700.  Tacitus, Annales, xi. 36.  PW, Suillius 2.  PIR, S. 698.  Tacitus, Annales, xii. 25, xiii. 43.  Eckhel, ii. p. 556.  CIL VMDCXXXVIII, {{{2}}}, CIL VI, 8639, CIL XII, 2234.  PW, Suillius 3.  PIR, S. 699.  PW, Suillius 5.  Strachan, Christian C. "Suillius". Nobilitas: Roman Republican and Imperial Senatorial Families Genealogy and Prosopography. Retrieved 16 August 2022.  Eckhel, "Caes.", p. 78.  Athenagoras, Apologia, 26.  PW, Suillius 1.  CIL XII, 1423.  CIL XIII, 10001,437.  CIL XI, 4924.  CIL XIII, 3202.  CIL X, 3406.  CIL VI, 199.  CIL VI, 33910.  CIL XI, 1493.  CIL III, 8204.  CIL VIII, 835.  CIL VI, 30934.  Labruna, Hirpinia in età imperiale, 12.  CIL VI, 36381.  PW, Suillius 6.  AE 1980, 464.  AE 1997, 699. Bibliography Publius Ovidius Naso (Ovid), Epistulae ex Ponto (Letters from Pontus). Gaius Plinius Secundus (Pliny the Elder), Historia Naturalis (Natural History). Publius Cornelius Tacitus, Annales. Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus (Plutarch), Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans; Moralia, including "Quaestiones Romanae" ("Roman Questions"). Athenagoras of Athens, Apologia. Joseph Hilarius Eckhel, Doctrina Numorum Veterum (The Study of Ancient Coins, 1792–1798). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1849). Theodor Mommsen et alii, Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (The Body of Latin Inscriptions, abbreviated CIL), Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1853–present). René Cagnat et alii, L'Année épigraphique (The Year in Epigraphy, abbreviated AE), Presses Universitaires de France (1888–present). August Pauly, Georg Wissowa, et alii, Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft (Scientific Encyclopedia of the Knowledge of Classical Antiquities, abbreviated PW), J. B. Metzler, Stuttgart (1894–1980). George Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, vol. VIII, pp. 103–184 (1897). Paul von Rohden, Elimar Klebs, & Hermann Dessau, Prosopographia Imperii Romani (The Prosopography of the Roman Empire, abbreviated PIR), Berlin (1898). E. Labruna, Storia sociale dell'Hirpinia in età imperiale (The Story of Hirpinia in the Imperial Age), (2013). Categories: SuilliiRoman gentes And from THIS gens? Thanks

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali: Suillio – Ossia: Grice e Suillio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Suillio. For the Suillii, the Gricean candidate is surely Publius Suillius Rufus. He is one of those Roman figures whose whole career turns on testimony, accusation, credibility, and persuasion. The sources summarized in your entry describe him as a jurist and adviser under Claudius, previously banished for bribery, later restored to influence, and finally banished again under Nero. He was also the half-brother of Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo and a son-in-law of Ovid. [GREXv3 | Word] Grice e Suillio Rufo: De Accusatione SVILLIVS. Accuso. (I accuse.) REVS. Mentiris. (You are lying.) IVDEX. Cui credam? (Whom should I believe?) GRICE. Accusatio ipsa est actus communicativus. (An accusation is itself a communicative act.) The interesting thing is that an accusation is not merely a statement of fact. It carries at least three layers:  "X did Y." "I undertake responsibility for saying so." "I invite the audience to believe me."  Grice would note that every successful accusation relies upon the audience recognizing the accuser's intention and authority.  Why Suillius rather than the others? The younger Marcus Suillius Nerullinus, consul in AD 50, is politically distinguished. [GREXv3 | Word] But Rufus generated controversy precisely because he operated through speech, prosecution, influence, and legal argument. Tacitus repeatedly treats him as a formidable accuser. [GREXv3 | Word] That puts him close to several figures we've already encountered:  Lucius Suetius, witness against Verres. Sthenius, witness in the Verrine affair. Subrius Flavus, interrogated conspirator.  All inhabit what we might call the Roman economy of testimony. Dry Speranzian formula  The Suettii teach testimony; the Suillii teach accusation. Publius Suillius Rufus made his career through legal and political speech. Grice would observe that an accusation is never merely information. It is an attempt to induce belief, assign responsibility, and shape the hearer's judgment. The philosophy of conversation enters politics at the moment one asks not simply "Is it true?" but "Why should I believe the speaker?" [GREXv3 | Word]  And there is one final irony worthy of Grice: Suillius was banished for corruption, restored to favor, and banished again. His life repeatedly forced Romans to ask whether credibility belongs to the message or to the messenger. That is a question Grice never entirely stopped asking.

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali: Suillio – Ossia: Grice e Suillio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Suillio. A second candidate: Suillius Secundinus I am also rather fond of:  Suillius Secundinus, who appeared in a military performance in the role of a stupidus, a fool. [GREXv3 | Word]  That raises theatrical questions of pretense, role, and audience recognition, very close to our earlier discussion of acting the fool versus being one.

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali: Suillio – Ossia: Grice e Suillio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Suillio. The nomen itself There is also a delightful linguistic possibility. Plutarch derives the name from suillus, "pertaining to swine." [GREXv3 | Word] A Gricean would immediately warn against drawing inferences from that etymology:  "Suillius" is no more proof of pigs than "Strabo" is proof of squinting.  The descriptive origin of a name and its later referential function are different things.

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali: Sulpicio – Ossia: Grice e Sulpicio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Sulpicio The gens Sulpicia was one of the most ancient patrician families at ancient Rome, and produced a succession of distinguished men, from the foundation of the Republic to the imperial period. The first member of the gens who obtained the consulship was Servius Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, in 500 BC, only nine years after the expulsion of the Tarquins, and the last of the name who appears on the consular list was Sextus Sulpicius Tertullus in AD 158. Although originally patrician, the family also possessed plebeian members, some of whom may have been descended from freedmen of the gens.[1]  Praenomina The Sulpicii made regular use of only four praenomina: Publius, Servius, Quintus, and Gaius. The only other praenomen appearing under the Republic is Marcus, known from the father of Gaius Sulpicius Peticus, five times consul during the fourth century BC. The last of the Sulpicii known to have held the consulship, in the second century AD, was named Sextus, a praenomen otherwise unknown in this gens.[1]  Branches and cognomina During the Republic, several branches of the Sulpician gens were identified by numerous cognomina, including Camerinus, Cornutus, Galba, Gallus, Longus, Paterculus, Peticus, Praetextatus, Quirinus, Rufus, and Saverrio. In addition to these cognomina, we meet with some other surnames belonging to freedmen and to other persons under the Empire. On coins we find the surnames Galba, Platorinus, Proclus, and Rufus.[1]  Camerinus was the name of an old patrician family of the Sulpicia gens, which probably derived its name from the ancient town of Cameria or Camerium, in Latium. Many of them bore the agnomen Cornutus, from a Latin adjective meaning "horned". The Camerini frequently held the highest offices in the state in the early times of the Republic; but after 345 BC, when Servius Sulpicius Camerinus Rufus was consul, we do not hear of them again for upwards of three hundred years, till Quintus Sulpicius Camerinus obtained the consulship in AD 9. The family was reckoned one of the noblest in Rome in the early times of the Empire.[2]  The Praetextati appear in the second half of the fifth century BC. The family appears to have been a small one, descended from the Camerini. It probably derived its name from one of several related meanings. Praetextus commonly referred to clothing with a decorative border, and especially to the toga praetexta, a toga with a purple border worn by boys and magistrates. Something veiled or concealed could also be described as praetextatus.[3][4]  The Sulpicii Longi flourished during the fourth century BC, from the time of the Gallic sack of Rome in 390 to the period of the Samnite Wars. The cognomen Longus may have been bestowed upon the ancestor of this family because he was particularly tall.[5][6]  The surname Rufus, meaning "red", probably referred to the color of the hair of one of the Sulpicii, and may have begun as a cadet branch of the Camerini, as both cognomina were united in the consul of 345 BC.[7] Several Sulpicii bearing this surname appear towards the end of the Republic, but as some appear to have been patricians and others plebeians, they may have constituted two distinct families.[8][9]  The Sulpicii Galli or Gali were a family of the second and third centuries BC. Their cognomen may refer to a cock, or to a Gaul. The greatest of this family, Gaius Sulpicius Gallus, was a successful general and statesman, as well as an orator and scholar much admired by Cicero.[10]  The Sulpicii Galbae first came to prominence during the Second Punic War, and remained distinguished until the first century AD, when Servius Sulpicius Galba claimed the title of Emperor.[11] Suetonius gives four possible explanations of this surname: that the first of the family burnt a town he had besieged, using torches smeared with galbanum, a type of gum; or that, chronically ill, he made regular use of a type of remedy wrapped in wool, known as galbeum; or that galba was a Gallic word for someone very fat; or instead that he resembled a galba, a grub or caterpillar.[12] The surname may also share a common root with the adjective galbinus, a greenish-yellow color.[13]  Members This list includes abbreviated praenomina. For an explanation of this practice, see filiation. Sulpicii Camerini Publius Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, father of the consul of 500 BC.[14] Servius Sulpicius P. f. Camerinus Cornutus, consul in 500 BC.[15][16][17][18][14] Quintus Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, consul in 490 BC, and one of the ambassadors sent to intercede with Coriolanus.[19][20] Servius Sulpicius Ser. f. P. n. Camerinus Cornutus, father of the consul of 461 BC.[21] Servius Sulpicius Ser. f. Ser. n. Camerinus Cornutus,[i] consul in 461 BC, and one of the Decemvirs of 451. In 446, he commanded the Roman cavalry against the Aequi and Volsci.[22][23][24][25] Quintus Sulpicius Ser. f. Ser. n. Camerinus Cornutus, consular tribune in 402 and 398 BC.[26][27][28] Servius Sulpicius Q. f. Ser. n. Camerinus, consul suffectus in 393 BC, and consular tribune in 391. He was interrex in 387.[29][30][31] Servius Sulpicius (Camerinus) Rufus, consular tribune in 388, 384, and 383 BC.[32][33] Gaius Sulpicius Camerinus, consular tribune in 382, and censor in 380 BC, resigned his office upon the death of his colleague.[34][35][36] Servius Sulpicius Camerinus Rufus, consul 345 BC.[37][38][39] Quintus Sulpicius Camerinus, grandfather of the consul of AD 9. Quintus Sulpicius Q. f. Camerinus, father of the consul of AD 9. Quintus Sulpicius Q. f. Q. n. Camerinus, consul in AD 9.[40][41] Quintus Sulpicius Camerinus Peticus, consul in AD 46, he was accused of extortion while proconsul of Africa in 59, and shortly afterward put to death by Nero.[42][43][44] Quintus Sulpicius Q. f. Camerinus Pythicus, the son of Peticus, was also put to death under Nero.[43][44] Sulpicii Praetextati Quintus Sulpicius Ser. f. Camerinus Praetextatus, consular tribune in 434 BC.[45][46][47] Servius Sulpicius Praetextatus, consular tribune in 377, 376, 370, and 368 BC, sometimes confused with his kinsman, Servius Sulpicius Rufus.[48][49][50] Sulpicia Praetextata, the wife of Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi, consul in AD 64, is mentioned at the commencement of the reign of Vespasian, AD 70.[51] Sulpicii Petici Quintus Sulpicius Peticus, grandfather of the consul of 364 BC.[52] Marcus Sulpicius Q. f. Peticus, father of the consul of 364 BC.[52] Gaius Sulpicius M. f. Q. n. Peticus, censor in 366, consul in 364, 361, 355, 353, and 351 BC, and dictator in 358.[53][54] Sulpicii Longi Quintus Sulpicius Longus, consular tribune in 390 BC, negotiated with Brennus, and persuaded him to leave Rome.[55][56][57][58] Servius Sulpicius Q. f. Longus, father of the consul of 337 BC.[59] Gaius Sulpicius Ser. f. Q. n. Longus, consul in 337, 323, and 314 BC, and dictator in 312, triumphed over the Samnites.[60][61][62] Sulpicii Saverriones Publius Sulpicius Saverrio, grandfather of the consul of 304 BC.[63] Servius Sulpicius P. f. Saverrio, father of the consul of 304 BC.[63] Publius Sulpicius Ser. f. P. n. Saverrio, consul in 304 and censor in 300 BC, triumphed over the Samnites.[64][65][66][67] Publius Sulpicius P. f. Ser. n. Saverrio, consul in 279 BC, during the war against Pyrrhus.[68] Sulpicii Paterculi Quintus Sulpicius Paterculus, grandfather of the consul of 258 BC.[69] Quintus Sulpicius Q. f. Paterculus, father of the consul of 258 BC.[69] Gaius Sulpicius Q. f. Q. n. Paterculus, consul in 258 BC, during the First Punic War, triumphed over the Carthaginians in Sicilia.[70][69] Servius Sulpicius Paterculus, the father of Sulpicia, who dedicated the temple of Venus Verticordia.[71] Sulpicia Ser. f., who married Quintus Fulvius Flaccus, was thought to be the chastest woman in Rome, selected to dedicate the temple of Venus Verticordia in 113 BC.[72][73] Sulpicii Galli Servius Sulpicius Gallus, grandfather of the consul of 243 BC.[74] Gaius Sulpicius Ser. f. Gallus, father of the consul of 243 BC.[74] Gaius Sulpicius C. f. Ser. n. Gallus, consul in 243 BC.[75][76][74] Gaius Sulpicius C. f. Gallus, father of the consul of 166 BC.[77] Gaius Sulpicius C. f. C. n. Gallus, a great scholar; as consul in 166 BC, triumphed over the Ligures.[78][79][80][81][75][77] Gaius Sulpicius C. f. C. n. Gallus, died at an early age, and his death was borne by his father with great fortitude.[82] Quintus Sulpicius C. f. C. n. Gallus, the orphan of the scholar Gaius Sulpicius Gallus, became the ward of his kinsman, Servius Sulpicius Galba, the consul of 144 BC. Publius Rutilius Rufus called Galba's public support for Quintus as a trick to earn sympathy.[83] Galus Sulpicius, consul suffectus in 4 BC, is believed to be a descendant of Gaius Sulpicius Gallus, the consul of 166 BC. Galus Sulpicius, son of the Galus Sulpicius who was consul in 4 BC. He was triumvir monetalis in 5 BC. Sulpicii Galbae Publius Sulpicius Galba, grandfather of Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus, the consul of 211 BC.[84] Servius Sulpicius P. f. Galba, father of Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus, the consul of 211 BC.[84] Publius Sulpicius Ser. f. P. n. Galba Maximus, consul in 211 and 200 BC, and dictator in 203.[85][86][87][88][89][90] Servius Sulpicius Galba, curule aedile in 208 BC,[ii] and afterwards a pontifex, in the place of Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus.[91][92] Gaius Sulpicius Galba, elected pontifex in 202 BC, in place of Titus Manlius Torquatus, but he died circa 199.[93][94] Servius Sulpicius Galba, as curule aedile in 189 BC, he used the fines collected by his office to dedicate twelve gilt shields in the temple of Hercules. He was praetor urbanus in 187, and an unsuccessful candidate for the consulship in 185.[95][96] Gaius Sulpicius Galba, praetor urbanus in 171 BC.[97][98] Servius Sulpicius Ser. f. P. n. Galba, tried for his atrocities against the Lusitani in 150 BC, but was acquitted, and served as consul in 144 BC. Cicero describes him as an orator of no mean talent.[99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110] Gaius Sulpicius Ser. f. Ser. n. Galba, quaestor in 120 BC, and a pontifex, condemned by the lex Mamilia of 110 BC.[111][112] Servius Sulpicius Ser. f. Ser. n. Galba, consul in 108 BC.[113][114][115][116] Servius Sulpicius Galba, praetor about 91 BC.[117][118] Publius Sulpicius Galba, appointed one of the judges in the case of Verres, in 70 BC, afterwards a pontifex and augur. He had been praetor, but the year is uncertain; perhaps 66.[119][120][121][122][123] Servius Sulpicius (Ser. f.) Ser. n. Galba, praetor urbanus in 54 BC, and a friend of Caesar, but perhaps also one of the conspirators against him.[124][125][126][127][101][128] Gaius Sulpicius Ser. f. (Ser. n.) Galba, a minor historian, and grandfather of the emperor Galba; he held the praetorship, but the year is uncertain.[101] Gaius Sulpicius C. f. Ser. n. Galba, father of the emperor Galba, was consul suffectus in 5 BC.[101][129] Servius Sulpicius C. f. Ser. n. Galba, younger son of the historian Gaius Sulpicius Galba, and uncle of Servius, the emperor.[130] Gaius Sulpicius C. f. C. n. Galba, consul in AD 22, brother of the emperor Galba.[101][131][129] Servius Sulpicius C. f. C. n. Galba, consul in 33, and emperor in AD 69.[132][133][134][135][136][137][138] Sulpicii Rufi Publius Sulpicius Rufus,[iii] tribune of the plebs in 88 BC, a distinguished orator, and afterwards a partisan of Gaius Marius.[139][140][141][142][143][144][145] Quintus Sulpicius Rufus, father of the jurist.[146] Servius Sulpicius Q. f. Rufus,[iv] consul in 51 BC, an eminent jurist and contemporary of Cicero.[147][148][149] Sulpicia, daughter of the consul of 51 BC. Wife of Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Cruscellio. Her husband was proscribed by the triumvirs in 43 BC. She followed her husband to Sicilia, against the wishes of her mother, Julia.[150][151] Publius Sulpicius (P. f.) Rufus, praetor in 48 BC, had been a legate of Caesar in Gaul and during his first campaign in Hispania. He was censor in 42.[152][153][154] Servius Sulpicius Ser. f. Q. n. Rufus, a supporter of Caesar, frequently mentioned by Cicero.[155] Sulpicius Rufus, procurator of the public games, was slain by the emperor Claudius because he was privy to the marriage of Silius and Messalina.[156] Others Gaius Sulpicius, praetor in 211 BC, was assigned the province of Sicily.[157] Sulpicia, the mother-in-law of Spurius Postumius Albinus, consul in 186 BC.[158] Servius Sulpicius, mentioned by Quintus Horatius Flaccus as an author of love-poems. Publius Sulpicius (P. f.) Quirinus, censor in 42 BC,[v] and consul suffectus in 36 BC.[75][159][160] Publius Sulpicius P. f. P. n. Quirinius, also called Quirinius, consul in 12 BC, and later governor of Syria.[161][162][163][164][165][166] Sulpicius Flavus, a companion of the emperor Claudius, whom he assisted in the composition of his historical works.[167] Gaius Sulpicius Hyginus, a resident of Pompeii in Campania, and the former master of Gaius Sulpicius Heraclida.[168] Gaius Sulpicius Heraclida, the freedman of Gaius Sulpicius Hyginus at Puteoli in Campania, was the husband of Harmonia, and probably the father of Gaius Sulpicius Faustus, a banker at Pompeii during the middle of the first century. Gaius Sulpicius Onirus, also a banker at Pompeii, might be a younger son or grandson.[168] Gaius Sulpicius (C. f.) Faustus, a banker at Pompeii during the middle of the first century, together with Gaius Sulpicius Onirus, probably either his younger brother or his son. He was probably the son of the freedman Gaius Sulpicius Heraclida. Gaius Sulpicius Cinnamus was his freedman, and acted as his agent.[168] Gaius Sulpicius (C. f.) Onirus, a banker at Pompeii during the middle of the first century, together with Gaius Sulpicius Faustus, either his younger brother or perhaps his son. He was probably either the son or grandson of Gaius Sulpicius Heraclida.[169][168] Gaius Sulpicius C. l. Cinnamus, the freedman of Gaius Sulpicius Faustus, a banker at Pompeii in the middle of the first century. He acted as agent for Faustus, while a Gaius Sulpicius Eutychus, also a freedman of this family, acted on behalf of Cinnamus.[170] Gaius Sulpicius (C. l.) Eutychus, a freedman who acted as agent on behalf of the freedman Gaius Sulpicius Cinnamus, part of a banking family at Pompeii during the middle of the first century.[171] Sulpicius Asper, a centurion, and one of the conspirators against Nero, discovered and put to death in AD 66.[172][173] Sulpicius Florus, an infantryman granted Roman citizenship under the emperor Galba, who later participated in the emperor's overthrow. Sulpicius Blitho, a source cited by the biographer Cornelius Nepos. Sulpicia, a poet who lived during the latter part of the first century. Her love poetry, addressed to her husband, Calenus, were admired by Martial, Ausonius, and Sidonius Apollinaris. A satire upon the edict of Domitian banishing philosophers from Italy, found among the works of Ausonius, is generally attributed to her.[174][175][176][177][178] Sulpicia Lepidina, the wife of Flavius Cerealis, prefect of a cohort at Vindolanda in Britannia, circa AD 103. Servius Sulpicius Similis, governor of Egypt from AD 107 to 112, and Praetorian Prefect from 112 to 118.[179] Sulpicius Apollinaris, a grammarian, and a friend and contemporary of Aulus Gellius during the later second century. He was probably the same Sulpicius Apollinaris who was a tutor of Pertinax.[180][181] Sulpicius of Carthage, the author of two poems in the Latin Anthology, identified by some authorities with Sulpicius Apollinaris.[182][183] Sextus Sulpicius Tertullus, consul in AD 158.[75] Sulpicia Memmia, one of the three wives of Alexander Severus. Her father was a man of consular rank; her grandfather's name was Catulus.[184] Sulpicia Dryantilla, daughter of Sulpicius Pollio and wife of Roman usurper Regalianus during the Crisis of the Third Century. Received the title of Augusta. Possibly killed with her husband in 260. Sulpicius Lupercus Servastus, a Latin poet, of whom nothing is known except his elegy, De Cupiditate, and a Sapphic ode, De Vetustate.[185] Sulpicius Severus, an ecclesiastical historian of the late 4th and early 5th centuries. Christian figures Sulpicius Severus, a saint from Aquitania who wrote the earliest biography of Saint Martin of Tours. Sulpitius, the name of several saints. See also Wiktionary logo Look up Sulpicius in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. List of Roman gentes Footnotes  In one passage, Livy refers to him as Publius.  Broughton gives Gaius Sulpicius Geminus.  His surname is attested only by Valerius Maximus, leading some scholars to question its authenticity, as this Sulpicius was a plebeian, and presumably unrelated to the jurist Servius Sulpicius Rufus, a patrician.[8][9]  Sometimes referred to as "Servius Sulpicius Lemonia Rufus, although "Lemonia" was his voting tribe, rather than his personal name.  Broughton gives Publius Sulpicius Rufus, and does not mention either in 36. References  Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. III, p. 945 ("Sulpicia Gens").  Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. I, p. 590 ("Camerinus").  Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. III, pp. 515, 516 ("Praetextatus").  Cassell's Latin & English Dictionary, s. v. "praetextatus".  Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. II, p. 806 ("Sulpicius Longus").  Cassell's Latin & English Dictionary, s. v. "longus".  Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. III, pp. 945–947 ("Sulpicius Rufus").  Badian, "The Clever and the Wise", pp. 6–7 (and note 6).  Evans, "Review", pp. 765–766.  Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. II, pp. 228, 229 ("Sulpicius Gallus").  Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. II, pp. 203–207 ("Galba").  Suetonius, "The Life of Galba", 3.  Cassell's Latin & English Dictionary, s. v. "galbinus".  Broughton, vol. I, p. 10.  Livy, ii. 19.  Dionysius, v. 52, 55, 57, vi. 20.  Cicero, Brutus, 16.  Zonaras, vii. 13.  Dionysius, vii. 68, viii. 22.  Broughton, vol. I, p. 18.  Broughton, vol. I, p. 36.  Livy, iii. 10, 31, 33, 70.  Dionysius, x. 1, 52, 56.  Diodorus Siculus, xi. 84.  Broughton, vol. I, pp. 36, 37, 45, 46, 51.  Livy, v. 8, 14.  Diodorus Siculus, xiv. 38, 82.  Broughton, vol. I, pp. 83, 86.  Livy, v. 29, 32, vi. 5.  Diodorus Siculus, xiv. 99, 107.  Broughton, vol. I, pp. 91–93, 99.  Livy, vi. 4, 18, 21.  Broughton, vol. I, pp. 99, 102, 103, 108.  Livy, vi. 22, 27.  Diodorus Siculus, xv. 41.  Broughton, vol. I, pp. 103–106.  Livy, vii. 28.  Diodorus Siculus, xvi. 66.  Broughton, vol. I, p. 131.  Suetonius, "The Life of Vespasian", 3.  Pliny the Elder, vii. 48.  Tacitus, Annales, xiii. 52.  Cassius Dio, lxiii. 18.  Pliny the Younger Epistulae, v. 3.  Livy, iv. 23.  Diodorus Siculus, xii. 53.  Broughton, vol. I, p. 61.  Livy, vi. 32-34, 36, 38.  Niebuhr, History of Rome, iii. pp. 2, 3.  Broughton, vol. I, pp. 108, 110, 112.  Tacitus, Historiae, iv. 42.  Broughton, vol. I, p. 115.  Livy, vii. 2, 7, 9, 12–15, 17–19, 22.  Broughton, vol. I, pp. 115, 116, 118, 124–126.  Livy, v. 36, 47, 48.  Diodorus Siculus, xiv. 110.  Macrobius, i. 16.  Broughton, vol. I, p. 90.  Broughton, vol. I, p. 138.  Livy, viii. 15, 37, ix. 24–27.  Diodorus Siculus, xvii. 17, xviii. 26, xix. 73.  Broughton, vol. I, pp. 138, 149, 157, 159.  Broughton, vol. I, p. 167.  Livy, ix. 49, x. 9.  Dionysius, Exc. Legat., p. 2331 (ed. Reiske).  Niebuhr, History of Rome, vol. iii, pp. 258, 259.  Broughton, vol. I, pp. 167, 172.  Broughton, vol. I, p. 192.  Broughton, vol. I, p. 206.  Polybius, i. 24.  Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. III, p. 944 ("Sulpicia").  Valerius Maximus, viii. 15. § 12.  Pliny the Elder, vii. 35.  Broughton, vol. I, p. 217.  Fasti Capitolini.  Diodorus Siculus, Fragmenta Vaticana, p. 60 (ed. Dinsdorf).  Broughton, vol. I, p. 437.  Livy, xliii. 2, 13, 16, 17, xliv. 37, xiv. 27, 44, Epitome, 46.  Pliny the Elder, ii. 12.  Obsequens, 71.  Cicero, Brutus. 20, 23, De Republica i. 14, 15, De Senectute, 14, Laelius de Amicitia, 27, De Officiis, i. 6.  Cicero, Brutus, 23, Laelius de Amicitia, 2, 6, Epistulae ad Familiares, iv. 6.  Cicero, De Oratore, i. 53.  Broughton, vol. I, p. 272.  Livy, xxv. 41, xxvi. 1, 28, xxvii. 7, 10, 22, 31–33, xxviii. 5–7, xxix. 12, xxx. 24, xxxi. 4–8, 14, 22, 27, 33–40, xxxii. 28, xxxiii. 24, xxxiv. 59, xxxv. 13, 13, 16.  Polybius, viii. 3, ix. 6 ff, 42, x. 41, xvi. 24, xviii. 6, xxiii. 8.  Appian, Macedonica, 2 ff.  Eutropius, iii. 14.  Orosius, iv. 17.  Broughton, vol. I, pp. 272, 280, 287, 292, 296, 300, 311, 323.  Livy, xxvii. 21, xxix. 11, xxx. 26, xxxii. 7.  Broughton, vol. I, pp. 291, 314, 329.  Livy, xxx. 39, xxxii. 7.  Broughton, vol. I, pp. 318, 329.  Livy, xxxviii. 35, 42, xxxiv. 5, 32.  Broughton, vol. I, pp. 361, 368.  Livy, xlii. 28, 31.  Broughton, vol. I, p. 417.  Appian, Hispanica, 58, 59, 60.  Livy, xlv. 35, 36, Epitome, 49.  Suetonius, "The Life of Galba", 3.  Orosius, iv. 20.  Valerius Maximus, viii. 1. § 2, 7 § 1.  Plutarch, "The Life of Cato the Elder"  Cornelius Nepos, "The Life of Cato", 3.  Gellius, i. 12, 23, xiii. 24.  Cicero, De Oratore, i. 10, 13, 53, 60, ii. 2, 65, iii. 7, Brutus, 22–24, 33, 86, 97, Orator ad M. Brutum, 30, Epistulae ad Atticum, xii. 5, Pro Murena, 28, Tusculanae Quaestiones, i. 3, Academica Priora, ii. 16, De Republica, iii. 30, Rhetorica ad Herennium, iv. 5.  Fronto, Epistulae, p. 85 (ed. Rom.)  Meyer, Fragmenta, pp. 120 ff., 164 ff.  Broughton, vol. I, pp. 455–457, 470.  Cicero, Brutus, 26, 33, 34, De Oratore, i. 56.  Broughton, vol. I, p. 522, 544.  Appian, Hispanica, 99.  Obsequens, 100.  Cicero, Pro Rabiro Perduellionis, 7.  Broughton, vol. I, p. 540, 544, 548  Broughton, vol. II, p. 21.  Appian BC 1.47  Cicero, In Verrem, i. 7, 10, Epistulae ad Atticum, i. 1, ix. 9, De Haruspicum Responsis, 6.  Quintus Tullius Cicero, De Petitione Consulatus, 2.  Asconius Pedianis, In Toga Candida, p. 82.  Appian, Bella Mithridatica, 43.  Broughton, vol. II, pp. 134, 137, 152, 206, 255.  Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares, vi. 18, x. 30, xi. 18, Philippicae, xiii. 16.  Caesar, De Bello Gallico, iii. 1, 6, viii. 50.  Cassius Dio, xxxvii. 48, xxxix. 5, 65.  Valerius Maximus, vi. 2. § 11.  Broughton, vol. II, pp. 191, 222, 355.  Oliver, "C. Sulpicius Galba".  PW, Sulpicius, No. 62.  Tacitus, Annales, vi. 40.  Tacitus, Historiae, i. 1–42.  Cassius Dio, lxiv. 1–6.  Suetonius, "The Life of Galba".  Plutarch, "The Life of Galba".  Aurelius Victor, De Caesaribus, 6.  Eutropius, vii. 10.  Niebuhr, Lectures on the History of Rome, vol. ii, p. 226.  Cicero, Brutus, 55, 56, 63, 88, De Oratore, i. 7, iii. 3, Laelius de Amicitia, 1, De Haruspicum Responsis, 20.  Asconius Pedianus, Pro Scauro, p. 20 (ed. Orelli), Rhetorica ad Herennium, ii. 28.  Appian, Bellum Civile, i. 58, 60.  Plutarch, "The Life of Sulla", 10.  Livy, Epitome, 77.  Velleius Paterculus, ii. 18.  Broughton, vol. II, pp. 41, 42.  Broughton, vol. II, p. 240.  Cicero, Brutus, 40, 41, Epistulae ad Familiares, iv. 3, Philippicae, ix. 7, Pro Murena, 7, 8, 20.  Plutarch, "The Life of Cato", 49.  Broughton, vol. II, pp. 158, 240.  Valerius Maximus, vi. 7. § 3.  Appian, Bellum Civile, iv. 39.  Caesar, De Bello Gallico, iv. 22, De Bello Civili, i. 74, iii. 101.  Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares, xiii. 77.  Broughton, vol. II, p. 273, 358, 359.  Cicero, Pro Murena, 26, 27, Epistulae ad Atticum, ix. 18, 19, x. 14, Epistulae ad Familiares, iv. 2, Philippicae, ix. 5.  Tacitus, Annales, xi. 35.  Broughton, vol. I, p. 273.  Livy, xxxix. 11-13.  Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. III, p. 638 ("Publius Sulpicius Quirinus", no. 1).  Broughton, p. 358, 359.  Cassius Dio, liv. 28.  Tacitus, Annales, ii. 30, iii. 22, 48.  Suetonius, "The Life of Tiberius", 49.  Strabo, xii., p. 569.  Josephus, Antiquitates Judaïcae, xviii. 1. § 1.  Luke, ii. 1.  Suetonius, "The Life of Claudius", 4, 41.  AE 1999, 454.  AE 1982, 203.  AE 1973, 159, AE 1973, 161, AE 1982, 201, AE 1982, 202.  AE 1973, 161.  Tacitus Annales, xv. 49, 50, 68.  Cassius Dio, lxii. 24.  Martial, x. 35–38.  Ausonius, Cento Nuptialis.  Sidonius Apollinaris, "Carmina IX", 260.  Anthologia Latina, iii. 251 (ed. Burmann), 198 (ed. Meyer).  Wernsdorf, Poëtae Latini Minores, vol. iii. pp. lx, 83.  G. Bastianini, "Lista dei prefetti d'Egitto".  Gellius, ii. 16, iv. 17, xiii. 17, xv. 5.  Julius Capitolinus, "The Life of Pertinax", 1.  Anthologia Latina, Nos. 222, 223 (ed. 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Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae (Attic Nights). Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus (Cassius Dio), Roman History. Aelius Lampridius, Aelius Spartianus, Flavius Vopiscus, Julius Capitolinus, Trebellius Pollio, and Vulcatius Gallicanus, Historia Augusta (Augustan History). Julius Obsequens, Liber de Prodigiis (The Book of Prodigies). Sextus Aurelius Victor, De Caesaribus (On the Caesars). Aelius Donatus, Vita Virgilii (The Life of Vergil). Eutropius, Breviarium Historiae Romanae (Abridgement of the History of Rome). Decimius Magnus Ausonius, Cento Nuptialis. Paulus Orosius, Historiarum Adversum Paganos (History Against the Pagans). Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius, Saturnalia. Gaius Sollius Modestus Apollinaris Sidonius, Panegyrici. Joannes Zonaras, Epitome Historiarum (Epitome of History). Pieter Burmann, Anthologia Latina (Latin Anthology), ed. Wernsdorf, (1759–1778). Johann Christian Wernsdorf, Poëtae Latini Minores (Minor Latin Poets), Altenburg, Helmstedt (1780–1799). Barthold Georg Niebuhr, The History of Rome, Julius Charles Hare and Connop Thirlwall, trans., John Smith, Cambridge (1828), Lectures on the History of Rome, (ed. L. Schmitz), Taylor, Walton, and Maberly, London (1849).. Henricus Meyerus, Oratorum Romanorum Fragmenta ab Appio inde Caeco usque ad Q. Aurelium Symmachum (Fragments of Roman Orators from Appius Claudius Caecus to Quintus Aurelius Symmachus), L. Bourgeois-Mazé, Paris (1837). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1849). James H. Oliver, "C. Sulpicius Galba, Proconsul of Achaia", in American Journal of Archaeology, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 380–388 (September 1942). T. Robert S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, American Philological Association (1952). D.P. Simpson, Cassell's Latin and English Dictionary, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York (1963). Guido Bastianini, "Lista dei prefetti d'Egitto dal 30a al 299p", in Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, No. 17, p. 281 (1975). Ernst Badian, "The Clever and the Wise: Two Roman cognomina in context", in Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies, vol. 35, supp. 51, pp. 6–12 (1988). Richard J. Evans, "Reviewed Work: The Patrician Tribune: Publius Clodius Pulcher by J. Jeffrey Tatum", in Mnemosyne, 4th series, vol. 55, No. 6, pp. 764–767 (2002), JSTOR 4433399. External links Wikimedia Commons logo Media related to Gens Sulpicia at Wikimedia Commons Categories: SulpiciiRoman gentes And from THIS gens? Thanks What would be your first-best choice for a Grice-Speranza vignette from this gens? Thanks

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali: Sulpicio – Ossia: Grice e Sulpicio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Sulpicio My first-best choice from this gens would be Servius Sulpicius Rufus, the jurist, consul of 51 BC, and Cicero’s contemporary. For a Grice-Speranza vignette, he is almost irresistible, because he lets the conversation move from rhetoric to jurisprudence without leaving Grice’s territory. He is not simply another Roman politician with a public career; he is the man in whom legal interpretation becomes a disciplined art of meaning. If Grice is concerned with what is said, what is meant, and what is reasonably recoverable under shared rules, Servius Sulpicius Rufus supplies the Roman juristic analogue: what the words of a statute, testament, stipulatio, or formula say, and what they are to be taken as doing within a civic practice. The best Speranzian angle is that Sulpicius is not Cicero’s rival merely as an orator, but as a technician of public intelligibility. Cicero can perform the case; Sulpicius can determine what the case is to count as. That makes him more useful than Galba, more philosophically fertile than the emperor, and more Gricean than the merely illustrious consuls of the gens. With Sulpicius Rufus one can write a vignette on interpretatio, voluntas, verba, aequitas, and ratio iuris, all under the heading of conversational reason. Law is not conversation, of course; it is what happens when conversation has become expensive enough to require forms. But for that very reason it is philosophically revealing. The jurist asks what a reasonable Roman is entitled to gather from an authoritative wording, and that is already close to Grice’s central territory, only with praetors included. The dry opening could run this way. Speranza wisely chooses Servius Sulpicius Rufus not because he is the most flamboyant Sulpicius, but because he is the one who makes the least noise while doing the most Griceian work. Galba gives empire, danger, and Suetonian etymology; Gallus gives astronomy and cultivated distinction; the poet Sulpicia gives literary charm; Sulpicius Apollinaris gives grammar. But Servius Sulpicius Rufus gives law as interpreted meaning. In him the Roman question is not merely “what did he say?” but “what did the formula, the testament, the statute, or the stipulation make it reasonable for the parties to understand?” That is why Grice would have liked him. A jurist is a philosopher of implicature who has been made answerable to property, inheritance, and litigation. A possible vignette could stage Cicero and Sulpicius after a forensic exchange. Cicero wants elegance, force, and persuasion; Sulpicius wants the exact bearing of words under an institution. Cicero says that the case turns on what the parties intended. Sulpicius replies that intention without form is a dangerous guest at law’s table. Cicero says that verba must serve voluntas. Sulpicius says, with juristic dryness, that voluntas is usually discovered only after the verba have begun to complain. Grice then enters, or is allowed by Speranza to enter posthumously, and observes that the dispute is not between literalism and freedom, but between rival accounts of reasonable uptake. The law, like conversation, depends upon conventions; unlike conversation, it cannot always afford to let the implicature remain politely unofficial. So my first-best bet is Servius Sulpicius Rufus. He gives Speranza the cleanest intersection between the Sulpician gens and Grice: not a mere biographical parallel, but a conceptual hinge. Through him, the “La Conversazione” project can show that Roman jurisprudence is not outside philosophy of language at all. It is one of its sternest early theatres.

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali: Sulpicio – ossia: Grice e Sulpicio: la ragione conversazionale e il principe filosofo -- Roma – filosofia italiana. Filosofo italiano. Mussonio: deportato da Nerone, pardonato da Galba – Deportato da Vespasiano, pardonato da Tito.   Galba (Terracina, Lazio): la ragione conversazionale e il principe filosofo -- Roma – In Grice’s theory of reason-governed conversational meaning, conversation is explained as a rational, cooperative activity structured by shared intentions and implicit norms, where what speakers mean often exceeds what they literally say through calculable implicatures grounded in a presumption of rational cooperation; by contrast, the Galba figure in the passage stages conversational reason not as a formal, intention-based mechanism but as a historically and politically embedded virtue, where dialogue reflects the tension between philosophical learning and imperial power, and reason appears as something imperfectly cultivated under conditions of authority rather than as an abstract cooperative ideal. While Grice models conversation as a system whose intelligibility depends on mutual recognition of rational principles such as relevance, truthfulness, and sufficiency, Galba’s exchanges suggest a more ironic, wear-resistant conception of conversational reason, one shaped by exile, pardon, and the recurring failures of Roman political life, where philosophy survives less as a regulative theory of meaning than as a fragile practice tested by power. In this sense, Grice theorizes the conditions under which meaning can be inferred through rational alignment, whereas Galba dramatizes how conversational reason persists even when such alignment is strained by history, authority, and the repeated disruption of intellectual life. filosofia italiana (Roma). Filosofo italiano. Mussonio: deportato da Nerone, pardonato da Galba – Deportato da Vespasiano, pardonato da Tito.  GRICEVS: Salve, Galba; miror te principis nomine tanto philosophum vocari: num litterae ipsae imperant, an imperium litteris? GALBA: Salve, Grice. Ego discere conor ut imperem; sed Roma docet ut plerumque imperium ipsum discat nolle doceri. GRICEVS: Audivi de Mussonio: a Nerone deportatus, a te remissus; dein a Vespasiano iterum deportatus, a Tito iterum remissus. Vir vere itinerarius, sed sine deliciis. GALBA: Ita est. Illi deportatio fuit quasi schola; illi venia quasi vacatio. Si philosophus tam saepe redire potest, fortasse exilium Romae est sola res semper recurrens. What gens was Galba. Grice uses him as an example of philosophical 'love of wisdom' -- for Musonius was deported by Nerone, pardoned by Galba, deported again by Vespasian, and pardoned again by Titus -- is he in the famous book of the XII Cesari? I mean his birth-gens, not his adopted one. Was he Italy born? Galba’s birth gens was the gens Sulpicia. His full name before adoption was Servius Sulpicius Galba. So: gens Sulpicia nomen Sulpicius cognomen Galba If you mean “not his adopted one,” then yes, the important point is that he was born a Sulpicius. He was not Julian or Claudian by birth. The adoption question in his family background is secondary to that basic fact. Yes, he is in Suetonius’ De vita Caesarum, the famous book of the Twelve Caesars. In fact, Galba is one of the “later” Caesars in the collection, after Julius Caesar and the Julio-Claudians. Suetonius treats him in the Life of Galba. Was he Italy-born? Yes. He was born in Italy, more precisely at Terracina according to the standard ancient tradition, though some traditions associate his family strongly with the region around Fundi. In any case, this is central Italian soil, not a provincial birthplace. So the safe answer is yes, Italy-born. A few cautions, though. Galba is not really known as a “prince philosopher.” That sounds like Speranzian colouring. Historically he is an emperor of 68–69, severe, old-fashioned, aristocratic, and short-lived, not a major philosophical ruler in the way Marcus Aurelius later becomes. The Musonius Rufus sequence is broadly right in outline: Musonius was exiled under Nero, returned under Galba, and later expelled again under Vespasian. But “pardoned by Titus” is not the standard strong way to put the later phase. Titus is more relevant to the later easing of conditions around philosophers, but the exact sequence is more tangled than the neat formula suggests. Galba’s family, the Sulpicii Galbae, were an old and distinguished patrician branch of the gens Sulpicia. So if you want the fuller answer, not just the gens but the line, that is the best form: the Sulpicii Galbae, a branch of the gens Sulpicia That also answers your question about whether this is a “good” Roman family: yes, very much so. Old, aristocratic, senatorial, highly respectable. So the compact answer is: birth gens: Sulpicia branch: the Sulpicii Galbae full birth name: Servius Sulpicius Galba yes, he appears in Suetonius’ Twelve Caesars yes, he was born in Italy If useful, I can now do one of three things, all here in chat. I can give you a compact dictionary-style note on Galba: gens, birthplace, family line, and Suetonian place. I can list other notable members of the gens Sulpicia or specifically of the Sulpicii Galbae. Or I can give you a dry note on why Musonius plus Galba makes sense for Speranza, even if Galba himself is only philosophically adjacent rather than genuinely “the philosopher prince.” So Speranza and Grice are mainly interested in two bits: Where is Terracina, as per comune and region. And for a short empire, Galba did the right thing for Musonius. Do we have the phrase in Latin: Galba pardoned Musonius. Did he do it by name, as per decree. I don't think Svetonio cares to adjust the point? Yes. Keeping it tight, and all in chat. Terracina is a comune in the region of Lazio, today in the province of Latina. So for Speranza and Grice, “Terracina, Lazio” is the neat modern locator. Comune Di Terracina is the municipal authority, and the official city site presents it as the city of Terracina in Lazio. [comune.ter...cina.lt.it], [comune.ter...cina.lt.it] On Musonius, the short answer is that Galba does seem to have done the right thing in practice, namely to allow or effect Musonius’ return from exile, but I do not know of a neat surviving Latin sentence in the ancient historians of the form “Galba Musonium remisit” or “Galba Musonium exilio revocavit.” The standard historical claim is that Gaius Musonius Rufus “returned under Galba” after Nero’s exile, but that formula is usually given in modern summaries, not as a famous quotable Latin tag from Suetonius. [en.wikipedia.org], [en.wikipedia.org], [poetryintr...lation.com] And that leads to the more exact point: Suetonius, in the Life of Galba, does not, so far as the standard text goes, stop to make Musonius into a set piece. His interest is Galba’s lineage, character, accession, habits, and fall, not a philosophical amnesty list. So your suspicion is right: Suetonius does not seem to adjust the point for Speranza’s purposes. [poetryintr...lation.com], [thelatinlibrary.com] The nearest solid ancient-historical way to put it is therefore cautious: Musonius returned under Galba. That likely means Galba’s accession made the return possible or officially permitted. But the exact form of decree, if any, is not the sort of thing our surviving literary sources preserve in a quotable formula. There is also a useful fragmentary anecdotal indication. A later source-note on Musonius observes that “it was probably Galba who recalled Musonius Rufus from exile,” but even there the wording is inferential and cautious, not documentary. [en.wikipedia.org], [en.wikipedia.org], [sites.google.com] So if you want the driest scholarly phrasing for Speranza: Galba was born at Terracina, a comune of Lazio. As for Musonius Rufus, the ancient record supports the claim that he returned under Galba after Nero’s exile, but no celebrated Latin formula of pardon seems to survive in Suetonius; the restoration is historical rather than rhetorically monumental, and any specific decree by name is not, so far as the usual literary sources show, preserved in a quotable form. [comune.ter...cina.lt.it], [comune.ter...cina.lt.it], [en.wikipedia.org], [poetryintr...lation.com] If useful, I can now do either of two things, still only here in chat. I can give you a tiny M.–G.–Shropshire classroom scene on the difference between “returned under Galba” and “was recalled by Galba.” Or I can give you a short philological note on possible Latin ways one would express the act if one had to reconstruct it: Musonium exilio revocavit Musonium restituit Musonio reditum permisit and the differences among them. So now Speranza and Grice want to know two further points because they are both philosophers and they care: (a) did Nerone (we forget his gens -- it was odd-sounding, his birth gens, we mean) MENTION this obscure (possibly Etrurian?) Musonius when he expelled him. You've just said that Titus gave a pardon _in toto_, not specific -- and Vespasianus, did he provide an expulsion in toto alla (x)x -philosopher --> x expelled, or is there a rigid designation to Musonius? and if Sulpicio only 'impered' for one year, Musonio was then back in Italy for only one year and Sulpicio -- when they expell them (or him) where do they send them? Yes, and here we can be a little sharper. Nero’s birth gens was the gens Domitia, more precisely the Domitii Ahenobarbi. Before adoption and imperial renaming, he was Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus. So the “odd-sounding” birth line is the Domitii Ahenobarbi, a branch of the gens Domitia. [en.wikipedia.org], [grokipedia.com] On Musonius under Nero. The strongest Latin source does not present a special decree naming Musonius alone in the form you seem to want. What we do have is Tacitus, who, in the aftermath of the Pisonian conspiracy, explicitly names Musonius among those expelled. The key phrase is: Musonium Rufum claritudo nominis expulit. And the fuller sentence is: Verginium Flavum et Musonium Rufum claritudo nominis expulit: nam Verginius studia iuvenum eloquentia, Musonius praeceptis sapientiae fovebat. That is very useful for your purposes. Nero does not appear there as issuing a surviving individual named decree in the neat bureaucratic sense; rather Tacitus narrates that “the distinction of their name drove out” [or “caused the expulsion of”] Musonius Rufus and Verginius Flavus, because the latter encouraged the young by eloquence and the former by precepts of wisdom. So Musonius is indeed named, and very specifically, in the Latin historical record for Nero’s repression. [loebclassics.com] That already answers one part of your question: Nero-era repression is not just “philosophers in general” in Tacitus at that point; Musonius Rufus is individually named. [loebclassics.com] And where was he sent? To Gyaros, the barren island in the Aegean. The standard biographical tradition makes that clear for Musonius Rufus: exile under Nero in 65, to Gyaros. [en.wikipedia.org], [worldhistory.org] On Vespasian, the pattern is different and more complicated. The usual summary is that Vespasian expelled philosophers from Rome, or from the city, in a broader sweep, and that Musonius Rufus was at first exceptionally allowed to remain because of his standing, but was later exiled anyway. So under Vespasian the action looks more like a broader anti-philosopher measure rather than a surviving individual named decree against Musonius in the way Tacitus names him under Nero. [en.wikipedia.org], [iep.utm.edu] So your distinction is good: Under Nero, our surviving Latin historian explicitly names Musonius Rufus in the repressive narrative. [loebclassics.com] Under Vespasian, the surviving tradition more often speaks of a broader expulsion of philosophers, with Musonius Rufus as the exceptional or later-included case, not primarily as the object of a uniquely preserved decree by name. [en.wikipedia.org], [iep.utm.edu] On Galba and the short duration. Yes. If Musonius returned under Galba, that return was brief in political terms, because Galba reigned only from 68 to early 69. So Musonius’ restored life in Italy under Galba cannot have lasted long before the next phase of Roman disorder, and then later Vespasian’s measures. [en.wikipedia.org], [en.wikipedia.org] On Titus. Your earlier formulation was right to hesitate. Titus is not usually described as issuing a special named pardon to Musonius in the same way one might imagine a crisp act of clemency. Rather, Musonius is said to have returned after Vespasian’s death, that is, in the reign of Titus. That is safer than “Titus individually pardoned Musonius by decree.” [en.wikipedia.org], [iep.utm.edu] And on the “possibly Etrurian” point. Yes. Musonius Rufus was from Volsinii in Etruria, and sources describe him as of Etruscan origin or from an Etruscan family. So “possibly Etrurian” can be strengthened to “very plausibly Etrurian / from Etruria.” [en.wikipedia.org], [worldhistory.org] So the clean summary, in your metalanguage, is this. Nero’s birth gens was Domitia, branch Ahenobarbi. Tacitus explicitly names Musonius Rufus in the Nero repression, with the elegant phrase “Musonium Rufum claritudo nominis expulit.” That is individual naming, not just a vague class measure.  Musonius was exiled to Gyaros in the Aegean.  Under Vespasian, the tradition is broader: philosophers were expelled, Musonius at first was reportedly spared because of his prestige, then later exiled anyway.  Under Galba he returned, but only briefly, because Galba’s reign was brief.  Under Titus, safer to say “he returned after Vespasian’s death” than “Titus issued a specific named pardon.” [loebclassics.com] [en.wikipedia.org], [worldhistory.org] [en.wikipedia.org], [iep.utm.edu] [en.wikipedia.org], [en.wikipedia.org] And yes, Grice would enjoy the Tacitean verb expulit. It has just the right pressure: not “pardoned,” not “transported,” but “drove out,” with Roman administrative chill and a faint hint that fame itself had become a punishable burden. [loebclassics.com] If useful, I can now do one of two things, all here in chat. I can give you a tiny M.–G.–Shropshire classroom on the Tacitus sentence “Musonium Rufum claritudo nominis expulit.” Or I can give you a dry philological note on the verbs: expellere, relegare, exulare, revocare, restituere, as they would colour the Musonius story differently. Well, but the 'expulit' belongs more to the entry under Domizio -- Grice and Speranza suppose --. It seems that Domizo only expelled these two, then? Not a great tyranny. And Grice would say that this belongs to Domizio, because, for Tacitus, it was the clarity of the name of M. that expelled him, not Domizio himself -- as per EXPLICATVM/EXPLICITVM versus IMPLICATVM/IMPLICITVM? Yes, that is exactly the Tacitean point, and it is a good one. Tacitus’ sentence does not say, in the blunt active form, “Nero expelled Musonius.” It says: Verginium Flavum et Musonium Rufum claritudo nominis expulit. That is already a piece of Tacitean stylisation. The grammatical subject is not Nero but claritudo nominis, “the distinction of their name” or “the conspicuousness of their reputation.” So the sentence means something like: Their very prominence drove them into exile. Or more literally: The distinction of their name expelled them. That is why Grice and Speranza are right to feel that the line belongs as much under Domitius Ahenobarbus, that is Nero by birth-line, as under Musonius. Tacitus is doing two things at once: He avoids the flat administrative prose of “Nero expelled X and Y.” And he suggests that under Nero, conspicuous excellence itself had become dangerous. So the expulit is politically Nero’s, but syntactically Tacitus gives the agency to fame, not to the emperor. That is very Tacitean. It is not exculpatory. It is ironical compression. The regime is so constituted that one’s own distinction becomes the efficient cause of one’s removal. In modern terms, one might say: the system punishes prominence, and Tacitus lets the prominence stand as grammatical subject in order to sharpen the moral absurdity. So yes: this is a nice case for your explicatum / implicatum contrast. What is explicit: claritudo nominis expulit What is implicated: Nero’s regime was such that publicly eminent moral or intellectual figures could not be tolerated. Tacitus leaves Nero slightly offstage in the syntax, but not in the reader’s inference. On your “not a great tyranny.” No, one should not infer from this sentence alone that Nero “only expelled these two.” Tacitus here is naming two figures in one compressed context, not providing a complete census of repression. The sentence is selective and literary, not exhaustive. So the right conclusion is: Tacitus singles out these two here. That does not mean they were the only ones affected. It means these two exemplify the kind of figure whose fame became politically intolerable. In fact, Tacitus is often most powerful precisely when he names a few and lets them stand for a wider political condition. And Grice would indeed enjoy the phrasing, because the sentence almost behaves like a philosophical joke: not “the tyrant expelled the philosopher,” but “the philosopher’s fame expelled the philosopher.” Which is false on the level of literal causation, but true on the level of political diagnosis. So the best gloss is: Tacitus suppresses the emperor as grammatical subject in order to foreground the fatal liability of distinction under tyranny. The explicit subject is claritudo nominis. The implicit political agent is Nero’s regime. That is also why the sentence has more force than a bureaucratic: Nero Musonium relegavit. The latter would merely report an act. Tacitus’ version diagnoses a condition. If useful, I can now do one of two things, still only in chat. I can give you a tiny classroom scene with M., G., and Shropshire on the verb expulit and the displaced agency in Tacitus. Or I can give you a short philological note on how Tacitus shifts agency by subject-choice, with a few parallel examples in the same compressed moral style. Suplicio (a. u. c. DCCCXXX). De vita sua. Roma: Officina Galbana.

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali: Surdinio – Ossia: Grice e Surdinio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Surdinio -- The gens Surdinia was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome. Hardly any members of this gens are mentioned in ancient writers, but several are known from inscriptions.  Origin The nomen Surdinius belongs to a class of gentilicia derived from surnames ending in the diminutive suffix -inus.[1] The root of the name, surdus, originally referred to someone deaf or dumb.[2] As a cognomen, it belongs to a large class of surnames based on a person's physical traits or characteristics.[3]  Members Surdinia, the granddaughter of Horatius Martialis Rufinus, a woman of a senatorial family, named in an inscription from Vaga in Africa Proconsularis.[4][5][6] Surdinia Aphrodisia, buried at Mediolanum in Transalpine Gaul.[7] Surdinius Felix, a centurion in the Cohors I Sardorum, one of the auxiliae stationed in Sardinia during the latter half of the first century, or the first half of the third, together with his wife, Maximilla, dedicated a tomb at Carales for their foster son, whose name has not been preserved.[8] Surdinius Gallus, met the property qualifications to join the Roman Senate in AD 47, at a time when Claudius was clearing that body of paupers. Gallus had gone to settle at Carthage, but Claudius recalled him to serve in the senate, promising to "bind him with golden fetters".[9][10][11][12] Surdinia Rogatula, a girl buried at Sigus in Numidia, aged twelve, along with Valia Matrona, aged thirty-seven.[13] Lucius Surdinius Saturninus, a soldier buried at Misenum in Campania, aged forty, having served for nineteen years, in a second-century tomb dedicated by his mother, Clodia Secunda.[14] See also List of Roman gentes References  Chase, p. 126.  New College Latin and English Dictionary, s.v. surdus.  Chase, pp. 109, 110.  CIL VIII, 1223.  PW, Surdinia.  PIR, S. 748.  CIL V, 6104.  AE 1985, 485.  Cassius Dio, lx. 29 (Earnest Cary, trans.).  Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. II, p. 229 ("Surdinius Gallus").  PW, Surdinius Gallus.  PIR, S. 747.  CIL VIII, 5860.  CIL X, 3634. Bibliography Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus (Cassius Dio), Roman History. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1849). Theodor Mommsen et alii, Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (The Body of Latin Inscriptions, abbreviated CIL), Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1853–present). René Cagnat et alii, L'Année épigraphique (The Year in Epigraphy, abbreviated AE), Presses Universitaires de France (1888–present). August Pauly, Georg Wissowa, et alii, Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft (Scientific Encyclopedia of the Knowledge of Classical Antiquities, abbreviated PW), J. B. Metzler, Stuttgart (1894–1980). George Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, vol. VIII, pp. 103–184 (1897). Paul von Rohden, Elimar Klebs, & Hermann Dessau, Prosopographia Imperii Romani (The Prosopography of the Roman Empire, abbreviated PIR), Berlin (1898). John C. Traupman, The New College Latin & English Dictionary, Bantam Books, New York (1995). Category: Roman gentes And from THIS gens? Thanks

 

Speranza, J. L. (n. d.). ‘H. P. Grice e J. L. Speranza: La Conversazione – I Verbali: Surdinio – Ossia: Grice e Surdinio – Grex griceiana – verbalia: Surdinio -- For Surdinius, the first-best choice is plainly Surdinius Gallus, not because he is the most documented member of the gens, but because he gives Speranza the sharpest Gricean scene. He is the man who had enough property to enter the Senate under Claudius, had preferred Carthage, and was recalled to Rome with the imperial promise of “golden fetters.” That phrase is almost too good to ignore. It turns senatorial rank into a compliment that behaves like a threat, or a threat dressed as a compliment. In Gricean terms, the emperor says honour; the addressee hears captivity. Or rather, being a sensible man, he hears both. The obvious vignette would turn on Claudius’s “aureis vinculis alligabo” or its equivalent: I shall bind you with golden chains. The line is perfect because its explicit surface is beneficent. You are rich enough, eligible enough, and perhaps distinguished enough to serve in the Senate. But its implicated force is coercive. You may have settled in Carthage, but Rome has remembered you. Wealth, which seemed to give you independence, now supplies the credential by which you are recalled. The qualification becomes the trap. That is very Roman, and therefore very Speranzian. It also plays beautifully against the nomen itself. Surdinius, from surdus, invites the cheap joke that the man was “deaf,” or descended from a name meaning deaf or mute. Speranza need not make the cheap joke too cheaply. The better point is that Surdinius Gallus is anything but pragmatically deaf. He understands perfectly what Claudius means. The emperor need not say, “I compel you.” He says, “I shall bind you with golden fetters.” Only an idiot, or a grammarian in a bad mood, would take the gold as cancelling the fetters. The value of the metal does not alter the force of the bond. It merely improves its upholstery. So the Grice-Speranza angle is not deafness but uptake. A Surdinius, whose name tempts one toward surditas, becomes the exemplary hearer of imperial implicature. Claudius produces a courtly oxymoron: honourable constraint, luxurious compulsion, decorated servitude. Surdinius hears the point because the point is meant to be heard. The emperor’s phrase is not obscure. It is civilised menace. The vignette could be framed as follows. Speranza chooses Surdinius Gallus because he lets the obscure gens speak through a single imperial utterance. The Roman Senate, in this episode, is not merely an institution of liberty or honour; it is the place where a man may be promoted into captivity. Claudius recalls Gallus from Carthage not by crude command, but by the more elegant cruelty of metaphor. Golden fetters are still fetters. A lesser hearer might have lingered on the gold; Gallus, being no conversational beginner, attends to the binding. If the name Surdinius preserves a memory of surdus, Speranza’s joke is that this Surdinius hears too well. He hears what is said, what is meant, and what cannot prudently be complained of. That would make Surdinius Gallus the best candidate from this gens: a minor figure, but a major little case of imperial meaning. The whole entry can rest on the difference between reward and coercion when the princeps controls the description. Claudius says honour; Rome hears service; Gallus hears chains. And because the chains are golden, everyone is expected to be grateful.