**********************
SILIANA.
************************
SILIO ITALICO,
"Le guerre puniche"
SILIANA
**********************************************************
LIBRO I.
**********************************************************
Lines 1-20:
The subject of Silio Italico's poem is the SECOND Punic War.
The cause of the war was GIUNONE's hatred of Rome.
******************************************************
Lines 21-55.
GIUNONE chooses ANNIBALE as her instrument.
**************************
Lines 56-139.
ANNIBALE's character, and the oath he swore in boyhood is described, lines.
*****************
Lines 140-181:
ASDRUBAL succeeds AMILCARE as commander in SPAGNA.
ASDRUBAL's character, conquests, and death are described, 140-181.
*********************
Lines 182-238:
ANNIBALE is chosen to succeed HASDRUBAL by all the army in SPAGNA, both Carthaginians and Spaniards.
*********************
Lines 239-267:
Character of ANNIBALE described.
***************
Lines 268-295.
ANNIBALE resolves to attack SAGUNTUM: position and history of the city of SAGUNTUM.
***************
Lines 296-695.
THE SIEGE OF SAGENTUM.
*********************
Lines 564-671:
The Saguntines send an embassy to ROMA: the speech of SICORIS.
***************
Lines 672-694:
In the Roman Senate, Cn. CORNELIO LENTULO and Q. FABIO MASSIMO express different views. Envoys are sent to ANNIBALE.
End of LIBRO I
*********************************************************
LIBRO II
Lines 1-24:
The Roman envoys, dismissed by ANNIBALE, proceed to CARTAGINE.
*************
Lines 25-269:
ANNIBALE addresses his men and goes on with the siege.
****************
Lines 270-390:
The ROMAN envoys are recived in the Carthaginian senate.
Speeches of HANNO and GESTAR.
FABIO MASSIMO DECLARES WAR.
*******************
Lines 391-456:
ANNIBALE deals with some rebellious tribes and returns to the siege.
ANNIBALE recieives a gift of armour from the Spanish peoples.
*****************
Lines 457-474:
THE SUFFERINGS OF SAGUNTUM.
**************
Lines 475-525:
The goddess LOYALTY is sent to the SAGUNTUM by ERCOLE, its founder, and encourages them to resist.
***************
Lines 526-649.
BUT GIUNONE sends a FURIA from HELL who drives the people of SAGUNTUM mad.
**************
Lines 650=695.
The people of SAGUNTUM build a great pyre and light it. ANNIBALE takes SAGUNTUM.
***********
Lines 696-707.
EPILOGO to LIBRO II by SILIO ITALICO.
*****************************
LIBRO III
********************
Lines 1-3:
After the taking of SAGUNTUM, BOSTAR is sent to Africa to consult GIOVE AMMON.
************
Lines 14-60:
ANNIBALE goes to GADES, where he is shown the famous temple of ERCOLE and marvels at the tides of the ATLANTIC OCEAN.
***************************
Lines 61-157:
ANNIBALE sends his wife, IMILCE, and his infant son to CARTAGINE.
***********
Lines 158-213:
ANNIBALE dreams of the coming campaign.
**************
Lines 214-405:
ANNIBALE sets off: a catalogue of his forces.
*********************
Lines 406-441.
ANNIBALE crosses the Pyrenees.
****************
Lines 442-476:
ANNIBALE crosses the RHONE and the DURANCE.
***********************
Lines 477-499:
THE ALPS are described.
**********************
Lines 500-556:
After frightful hardships, ANNIBALE pitches a camp on the summit of the ALPS.
***************
Lines 557-629:
VENERE and GIOVE converse concerning the DESTINY of ROMA.
******************
Lines 630-646:
ANNIBALE encamps in the country of the TAURINI.
****************
Lines 647-714:
BOSTAR brings back from AFRICA the response of GIOVE AMMON.
*************** END OF LIBRO III
*************
LIBRO IV
*************
Lines 1-38:
ROMA is greatly alarmed by the news that ANNIBALE has reached ITALIA.
But the Roman senate does not lose heart.
***************
Lines 39-55:
ANNIBALE courts the GAULS OF N. ITALIA.
SCIPIONE hurries back from MARSEILLES.
**************
Lines 56-100:
BOTH GENERALS, SCIPIONE and ANNIBALE, address their soldiers and prepare for battle.
**************
Lines 101-134:
An omen precedes the battle.
**************
Lines 135-479:
THE BATTLE OF THE TICINO
*****************
Lines 480-497.
SCIPIONE withdraws to the TREBIA, and is joined by an army under TITUS SEMPRONIO LONGO.
************
Lines 498-524:
ANNIBALE forces the Romans to fight.
**********************
Lines 525-704:
THE BATTLE OF THE TREBIA.
*****************
Lines 705-721:
THE CONSUL C. FLAMINIO leads a fresh army into ETRURIA.
*******************
Lines 722-762:
Instigated by GIUNONE, ANNIBALE crosses the APPENINES and encamps by LAKE TRASIMENE.
**************
Lines 763-829:
Envoys from CARTAGINE inquire whether ANNIBALE consents to the immolation of his infant son.
ANNIBALE rightly refuses.
************************ END OF LIBRO IV.
LIBRO V
****************
Lines 1-23:
ANNIBALE lays a trap for the enemy. The name of LAKE TRASIMENE.
**********************
Lines 24-185:
FLAMINIO makes light of evil omens and the warnings of CORVINO, the soothsayer, and encourages his men to fight.
************************
Lines 186-687:
THE BATTLE OF LAKE TRASIMENE.
********************* END OF LIBRO V
LIBRO VI
*******************
Lines 1-61:
Scenes on the field of the lost battle on LAKE TRASIMENE.
Flight of the Romans.
***********
Lines 62-100:
SERRANO, a son of the famous REGOLO, is one of the fugitives.
SERRANO reaches the dwellings of MARO, who had been his father's squire in AFRICA.
MARO dresses his wounds.
************************
Lines 101-551:
MARO tells the story of REGOLO as conqueror and as captive.
*******************
Lines 552-589:
Mourning and consternation at ROMA after the deafeat in LAKE TRASIMENE.
SERRANO returns to his mother, MARCIA.
***********************
Lines 590-618:
The ROMAN SENATE discuss plans of campaign.
GIOVE prevents ANNIBALE from marching on ROMA.
********************
Q. FABIO is chosen DICTATOR.
************************************************
Lines 619-640.
The wisdom of the dictator Q. FABIO.
************************
Lines 641-716.
ANNIBALE marches through UMBRIA and PICENUM to CAMPANIA.
At LITERNUM Annibale sees on the temple-walls pictures of scenes in the FIRST PUNIC WAR, and orders them to be burnt.
**********************
END OF LIBRO VI
*****
LIBRO VII
*****************
Lines 1-19:
The dictator FABIO determines to take no risks in the field.
**********************
Lines 20-73:
CILNIO, one of FABIO's prisoners, informs ANNIBALE concerning the family history and character of FABIO.
***************
Lines 74-89:
RELIGIOUS OBSERVANCES IN ROMA.
***************
Lines 90-122:
The dictator FABIO restores discipline in the Roman army.
ANNIBALE cannot tempt him to fight.
***************
Lines 123-161:
ANNIBALE moves to APULIA and tries to provoke FABIO by various devices.
ANNIBALE returns to CAMPANIA and ravages the FALERNIAN country.
*****************
Lines 162-211:
THE VISIT OF BACCO to the peasant FALERNO.
**********
Lines 212-259:
The Roman dictator FABIO explains his policy of inaction to his discontented soldiers.
*************
Lines 260-267:
A trick of ANNIBALE's, to make the dictator FABIO more unpopular.
***************
Lines 268-376:
ANNIBALE, having got into a dangerous situation, breaks out by means of a stratagem and encamps on open ground.
**************
Lines 377-408:
The Roman dictator, FABIO, obliged to visit ROMA, warns MINUCIO against fighting.
**************
Lines 409-493:
A Carthaginian fleet lands in CAIETA.
The nymphs are terrified.
But the prophecy of PROTEO comforts them.
******************
Lines 494-522:
MINUCIO is given equal powers with the Roman dictator FABIO.
********************
Lines 523-579:
The Roman dictator FABIO returns and gives up half the army to MINUCIO.
MINUCIO rushly engages the enemy but is rescued by the dictator.
**********************
Lines 730-750:
The Roman dictator FABIO is hailed as "father" by MINUCIO and the soldiers.
******************* END OF LIBRO VII.
LIBRO VIII
***************
Lines 1-24:
Annibale's anxiety is described.
*****************
Lines 25-241:
GIUNONE sends ANNA to comfort ANNIBALE.
Anna, the sister of DIDONE, is now a nymph of the river NUMICIO.
ANNA tells her own history, and encourages ANNIBALE by foretelling the battle of CANNAE.
****************
Lines 242-277:
C. TERENZIO VARRONE is elected consule at ROMA.
His boastful speeches.
******************
Lines 278-297:
His colleague, L. EMILIO PAOLO is afraid to thwart VARRONE.
***************
Lines 298-348:
EMILIO PAOLO is advised by dictator FABIO to oppose VARRONE.
**************************
Lines 349-621:
The Roman consuls start for APULIA. A catalogue of their troops.
***************
Lines 622-676:
Evil omens before the battle alarm the soldiers.
**************
LIBRO IX
Lines 1-65:
Varrone is eager to fight,
and his boldness is increased by a successful skirmish.
Paolo tries in vain to
restrain his colleague.
*****
LINES 66-177:
A horrible crime committed in ignorance during
the night portends disaster to the Romans.
***********
LINES 178-243:
Annibale encourages his men
and then draws them up in line of battle.
*****
LINES 244-277:
LINES 244-277:
Varrone encourages his men and then draws them up in line of battle.
***************
LINES 278-x.325:
The Battle of CANNAE.
Lines 1-325:
Description of the
battle of Cannae continued.
Valour and death of
Valour and death of
Paolo.
*************************
Lines 326-370:
Flushed with victory, Annibale intends to
*************************
Lines 326-370:
Flushed with victory, Annibale intends to
march on Rome next day.
But GIUNONE sends the god of Sleep
But GIUNONE sends the god of Sleep
to stop him.
*******************
Lines 371-386:
Annibale yields, in spite of the strong
*******************
Lines 371-386:
Annibale yields, in spite of the strong
protests of Mago.
***************
Lines 387-414:
The remnant of the Roman
***************
Lines 387-414:
The remnant of the Roman
army rally at Canusium :
their miserable plight.
***********************
***********************
Lines 415-448:
Metello proposes that
the Romans should leave Italy.
But
But
Scipione threatens death
to him and his sympathizers
********************
Lines 449-577:
********************
Lines 449-577:
Hannibal surveys the battle-field.
The faithful horse of Clelio: the story of his ancestress Clelia.
The body of
Paolo is found and
buried.
******************
Lines 578-591:
Distress at Rome
******************
Lines 578-591:
Distress at Rome
************
Lines 592-604:
The Roman dictator Fabio encourages his countrymen.
*********************
Lines 605-622:
Lines 592-604:
The Roman dictator Fabio encourages his countrymen.
*********************
Lines 605-622:
The Roman dictator FABIO also calms the fury
of the populace against Varrone
***************
Lines 623-639:
Varrone returns to Rome.
*******************
Lines 640-658:
The Roman Senate adopts
***************
Lines 623-639:
Varrone returns to Rome.
*******************
Lines 640-658:
The Roman Senate adopts
measures to enlist
soldiers and continue the war.
****************END OF LIBRO X
*****************
LIBRO XI****************END OF LIBRO X
*****************
***************
Lines 1-27:
Many peoples of Italy revolt from Rome and join Hannibal.
**********************
Lines 28-54:
Many peoples of Italy revolt from Rome and join Hannibal.
**********************
Lines 28-54:
Capua too is
inclined to go over to the Carthaginians :
the wealth and luxurious
habits of the citizens.
**********************
Lines 55-129:
On the motion of Pacuvio, they send Virrio and other envoys
**********************
Lines 55-129:
On the motion of Pacuvio, they send Virrio and other envoys
to Roma, asking that one
of the two consuls should be a Campanian.
This demand is indignantly refused by Torquato, Fabio, and Marcello.
***************
Lines 130-189:
Capua goes over to
This demand is indignantly refused by Torquato, Fabio, and Marcello.
***************
Lines 130-189:
Capua goes over to
Hannibal :
Decius alone protests but in vain.
************
Lines 190-258:
Decius alone protests but in vain.
************
Lines 190-258:
Hannibal starts for
Capua.
ANNIBALE orders Decius to be arrested :
ANNIBALE orders Decius to be arrested :
Decius defies his
threats.
***************
Lines 259-368:
Hannibal visits the
***************
Lines 259-368:
Hannibal visits the
city and is entertained
at a great banquet.
***********Lines 288-302:
Teuthras of Cumae, a
musician, plays and sings.
**************
Lines 303-368:
**************
Lines 303-368:
The son of Pacuvio
intends to stab Annibale while feasting
but is induced by his
father to give up his plan.
****************
****************
Lines 369-376:
Mago is sent to Carthage
to announce the victory.
*************Lines 377-482:
Annibale winters at
Capua.
Venus enfeebles the spirit of
Venus enfeebles the spirit of
his army.
ANNIBALE himself takes pleasure in the music of Teuthras
ANNIBALE himself takes pleasure in the music of Teuthras
***********
Lines 483-553:
Meanwhile Mago reports at Carthage the successes of Hannibal and makes a fierce attack upon Hanno
Lines 483-553:
Meanwhile Mago reports at Carthage the successes of Hannibal and makes a fierce attack upon Hanno
************
Lines 556-600:
Hanno replies, urging that peace should be made
Lines 556-600:
Hanno replies, urging that peace should be made
***********
Lines 600-611:
But reinforcements are sent both to Spain and Italy.
Lines 600-611:
But reinforcements are sent both to Spain and Italy.
******************** END OF LIBRO XI.
****************
LIBRO XII
Lines 1-103:
Hannibal leaves Capua. His troops have lost their vigour
and fail in attacks upon
NAPOLI Cumae, and Puteoli
***********************
Lines 103-157:
ANNIBALE visits Baiae and other famous places.
***********
Lines 168-294:
Lines 103-157:
ANNIBALE visits Baiae and other famous places.
***********
Lines 168-294:
ANNIBALE marches against Nola
but is beaten off by Marcello.
********************
Lines 295-341:
The Romans become more hopeful and are further
********************
Lines 295-341:
The Romans become more hopeful and are further
encouraged by an oracle
from Delphi.
**********
Lines 342-419:
The war in
**********
Lines 342-419:
The war in
Sardinia : Torquatus
defeats Hampsagoras : a tribute to
the poet Ennio.
*******************
Lines 420-448:
Hannibal burns several cities
*******************
Lines 420-448:
Hannibal burns several cities
and takes the city of
Tarentum but not the citadel.
***********************
Lines 449-478:
***********************
Lines 449-478:
ANNIBALE returns to defend
Capua against a Roman blockade,
beating two Roman armies
on the way.
He buries the body
He buries the body
of Tito Sempronio
Gracco.
****************************
Lines 479-540:
Unable to force his
****************************
Lines 479-540:
Unable to force his
way into Capua, he
marches against Rome.
*************************
Lines 541-557:
Consternation at Rome.
**************
Lines 558-573:
ANNIBALE examines the walls and
*************************
Lines 541-557:
Consternation at Rome.
**************
Lines 558-573:
ANNIBALE examines the walls and
surroundings of the
city of ROMA, but is driven back to his camp by
Fulvio Flacco who had
hastened back from Campania
************
Lines 574-667:
Two attempts to fight a battle are frustrated by
Lines 574-667:
Two attempts to fight a battle are frustrated by
a terrible storm sent by
Jupiter.
**************
Lines 668-730:
Making a third
**************
Lines 668-730:
Making a third
attempt, he is stopped
by GIUNONE, acting by Jupiter's command
**********
Lines 731-752:
Rejoicing of the Romans.
Lines 731-752:
Rejoicing of the Romans.
********************** END OF LIBRO XII.
*************
LIBRO XIII
Lines 1-93:
Hannibal withdraws to
the river Tutia, and is prevented
from attacking Roma again by Dasio, a deserter, who explains that the city is
impregnable so long as it contains the Palladium.
ANNIBALE returns to the land of the Bruttii.
**********************
Lines 94-380.
ANNIBALE returns to the land of the Bruttii.
**********************
Lines 94-380.
The Romans take Capua.
**************
Lines 381-384:
Scipione's father and uncle
**************
Lines 381-384:
Scipione's father and uncle
are defeated and killed
in Spain.
***************
Lines 385-396:
This news of the death of his father and uncle induces Scipione to descend to Hades, to see the spirits of his kinsmen.
***************
Lines 397-893:
SCIPIONE sees many ghosts of famous men
***************
Lines 385-396:
This news of the death of his father and uncle induces Scipione to descend to Hades, to see the spirits of his kinsmen.
***************
Lines 397-893:
SCIPIONE sees many ghosts of famous men
and women in Hades.
Finally, the Sibyl predicts the death
Finally, the Sibyl predicts the death
of Hannibal.
**********
Lines 894-895:
Scipione then returns to the upper world.
**********
Lines 894-895:
Scipione then returns to the upper world.
***************** END OF LIBRO XIII
***************
LIBRO XIV
Lines 1-78:
The campaign of
Marcellus in Sicily : a description of
the island.
************
Lines 79-95:
Causes of the war. Death of Hiero, king
************
Lines 79-95:
Causes of the war. Death of Hiero, king
of Syracuse : succession
of Hieronymus.
***********
Lines 96-109:
Hieronymus is murdered, and general confusion follows.
************
Lines 110-124:
***********
Lines 96-109:
Hieronymus is murdered, and general confusion follows.
************
Lines 110-124:
Marcellus prepares for
action.
*************
Lines 125-177:
MARCELLO takes Leontini
*************
Lines 125-177:
MARCELLO takes Leontini
by storm.
************
Lines 178-191:
MARCELLO blockades Syracuse by land and sea
************
Lines 178-191:
MARCELLO blockades Syracuse by land and sea
************
Lines 192-247:
The Allies of Syracuse.
**************
Lines 248-257:
Allies of Rome
Lines 192-247:
The Allies of Syracuse.
**************
Lines 248-257:
Allies of Rome
***************
Lines 258-276:
Sicilian allies of Cartagine.
***********
Lines 277-291:
Confidence of the Syracusans.
***********
Lines 292-352:
The genius of Archimedes foils all the attempts of the Romans.
************
Lines 353-579:
A
Lines 258-276:
Sicilian allies of Cartagine.
***********
Lines 277-291:
Confidence of the Syracusans.
***********
Lines 292-352:
The genius of Archimedes foils all the attempts of the Romans.
************
Lines 353-579:
A
sea-fight.
**********
Lines 580-617:
An outbreak of plague delays operations.
**********
Lines 618-684:
At last the city is taken.
**********
Lines 580-617:
An outbreak of plague delays operations.
**********
Lines 618-684:
At last the city is taken.
*********** END OF LIBRO XIV.
*******************
LIBRO XV
Lines 1-17:
The Roman Senate cannot decide
what general to send to SPAGNA, P. Cornelio Scipione is
eager to go, but his kinsmen dissuade him.
***********
Lines 18-128: IL SOGNO DI SCIPIONE. Opera by Mozart.
SCIPIONE is visited by Virtue and Pleasure who
***********
Lines 18-128: IL SOGNO DI SCIPIONE. Opera by Mozart.
SCIPIONE is visited by Virtue and Pleasure who
contend for his
allegiance.
****************
Lines 129-151:
Encouraged by Virtue's arguments, SCIPIONE asks for the command and receives it : an
****************
Lines 129-151:
Encouraged by Virtue's arguments, SCIPIONE asks for the command and receives it : an
omen of success.
**********
Lines 152-179:
Scipione's fleet lands at Tarraco.
************
Lines 180-250:
The ghost of his father exhorts SCIPIONE in a dream to take New
**********
Lines 152-179:
Scipione's fleet lands at Tarraco.
************
Lines 180-250:
The ghost of his father exhorts SCIPIONE in a dream to take New
Carthage : he does so.
************
Lines 251-285:
SCIPIONE sacrifices to the gods,
************
Lines 251-285:
SCIPIONE sacrifices to the gods,
rewards his soldiers,
and distributes the spoil.
He restores
He restores
a Spanish maiden to her
lover and is praised by Lelio for
this action.
***********
Lines 286-319:
War against Philip, king of Macedon.
***********
Lines 286-319:
War against Philip, king of Macedon.
***********
Lines 320-333:
Fabio takes Tarentum by a trick.
****************
Lines 334-398:
Lines 320-333:
Fabio takes Tarentum by a trick.
****************
Lines 334-398:
The consuls, Marcello and Crispino, are beaten by Hannibal
and Marcello is killed.
********************
Lines 399-494:
In Spain Hasdrubal is put to flight by Scipione: praise of Laelius.
**************
Lines 493-514:
Hasdrubal crosses the Alps, to join his brother in Italy.
*************
Lines 515-559:
********************
Lines 399-494:
In Spain Hasdrubal is put to flight by Scipione: praise of Laelius.
**************
Lines 493-514:
Hasdrubal crosses the Alps, to join his brother in Italy.
*************
Lines 515-559:
Great alarm at Rome.
The consul, C. Claudio Nerone, is warned in a dream by a personification of Italy to march
The consul, C. Claudio Nerone, is warned in a dream by a personification of Italy to march
northwards against
Hasdrubal.
************
Lines 560-600.
The consul C. CLAUDIO Nerone joins the
************
Lines 560-600.
The consul C. CLAUDIO Nerone joins the
other consul, M. Livio.
**********
Lines 601-807:
The battle of the
**********
Lines 601-807:
The battle of the
Metaurus.
***********
Lines 807-823:
The consule C. CLAUDIO Nerone returns to Lucania and displays
***********
Lines 807-823:
The consule C. CLAUDIO Nerone returns to Lucania and displays
to Annibal ehis
brother's head fixed on a pike.
************** END OF LIBRO XV.***********************
LIBRO XVI
Lines 1-22:
Hannibal moves about in
the Bruttian country.
*******************
Lines 25-26:
*******************
Lines 25-26:
The Carthaginians are
driven out of Spain : Mago is defeated
and fees to Carthage.
************
Lines 28-77:
Hanno is taken prisoner by Scipione.
*************
Lines 78-114:
************
Lines 28-77:
Hanno is taken prisoner by Scipione.
*************
Lines 78-114:
The army of Hasdrubal, son of Gisgo, is
destroyed.
*************
Lines 115-167:
Masinissa, a Numidian prince, joins
*************
Lines 115-167:
Masinissa, a Numidian prince, joins
Scipione.
***************
Lines 68-74:
Scipione and Hasdrubal at the court of
***************
Lines 68-74:
Scipione and Hasdrubal at the court of
Syphax, a Numidian king.
Syphax makes a treaty with the
Syphax makes a treaty with the
Romans ; but evil omens
follow.
***********
Lines 415-591:
Scipione returns to Spain and holds games in honour of his father and uncle
***********
Lines 415-591:
Scipione returns to Spain and holds games in honour of his father and uncle
***********
Lines 592-700:
Scipione returns to Rome and is elected consul.
In spite of the opposition of Fabio, SCIPIONE gets permission to cross over to Africa.
Lines 592-700:
Scipione returns to Rome and is elected consul.
In spite of the opposition of Fabio, SCIPIONE gets permission to cross over to Africa.
************ END OF LIBRO XVI.
*****
LAST BOOK:
LIBRO XVII
LAST BOOK:
LIBRO XVII
Lines 1-5: The image of Cybele is
brought from Phrygia to Rome
and received at Ostia by
P. Scipio Nasica : the chastity of
Claudia is vindicated.
*************
Lines 40-58:
Scipione crosses to Africa.
***********
Lines 59-145:
SCIPIONE warns Syphax not to break faith with Rome.
The camp of Syphax is burnt, and SYPHAX is taken prisoner.
************************
Lines 146-157
*************
Lines 40-58:
Scipione crosses to Africa.
***********
Lines 59-145:
SCIPIONE warns Syphax not to break faith with Rome.
The camp of Syphax is burnt, and SYPHAX is taken prisoner.
************************
Lines 146-157
Hasdrubal retreats to
Carthage.
Annibale is recalled from Italy.
Annibale is recalled from Italy.
*******************************
Lines 158-169:
Annibale's dream before the arrival of the summons.
********************
Lines 170-217:
ANNIBALE leaves Italy in obedience to the summons.
ANNIBALE leaves Italy in obedience to the summons.
****************
Lines 218-291:
ANNIBALE decides to go back to Italy but is prevented by a fearful storm.
**************
Lines 292-337:
After landing in Africa, ANNIBALE encourages his soldiers.
*****************
Lines 338-384:
Jupiter and Juno converse about the fate of Annibale.
******************
Lines 385-617:
The battle of Zama.
***********
Lines 618-654:
Scipione returns in triumph to Rome.
*************************** END OF LIBRO XVII
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