CICERONIANA

Speranza

The Philosophical Works of Cicero. A Selected Bibliography

Index of the Section "History of Logic in Relationship to Ontology"

Logic and Rhetoric in the Philosophical Works of Cicero

Critical Editions and Translations of the Philosophical Works of Cicero

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF STUDIES ON CICERO'S PHILOSOPHICAL WORKS

Studies in Cicero. Edited by Ferguson John. Rome: Centro di Studi Ciceroniani 1962.
Contents: John Ferguson: Preface 7; John Ferguson: Some Ancient Judgments of Cicero 11; LLoyd A. Thompson: Cicero the Politician 37; John Ferguson: The Religion of Cicero 83; John Ferguson: Cicero's Contribution to Philosophy 99; Arthur R. Hands: Humour and Vanity in Cicero 115; W.A. Ladlaw: Cicero and the Arts 129-142.

 

Cicero's Knowledge of the Peripatos.

 

Edited by Fortenbaugh William W. and Steinmetz Peter. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers 1989.

Contents: Note on Contributors XI; List of Cicero's Philosophical Works XIII-XVII; J. G. F. Powell: Introduction: Cicero's Philosophical Works and their Background 1; 1. A. A. Long: Cicero's Plato and Aristotle 37; 2. Malcolm Schofield: Cicero's Definition of Res Publica 63; 3. Woldemar Görler: Silencing the Troublemaker: De Legibus 1.39 and the Continuity of Cicero's Scepticism 85; 4. John Glucker: Probabile, Veri Simile, and Related Terms 115 5. Michael C. Stokes: Cicero on Epicurean Pleasures 145; 6. M. R. Wright: Cicero on Self-Love and Love of Humanity in De Finibus 3 171; 7. A. E. Douglas:
Form and Content in the Tusculan Disputations 197; 8. Stephen A. White: Cicero and the Therapists 219; 9. R. W. Sharples: Causes and Necessary Conditions in the Topica andDe Fato247; 10. J. G. F. Powell: Cicero's Translations from Greek 273; 11. Philippa R. Smith: 'A Self-indulgent misuse of leisure and writing'? How Not to Write Philosophy: Did Cicero Get It Right? 301; 12. Miriam T. Griffin: Philosophical Badinage in Cicero's Letters to his Friends 325; Indexes 347-360.

 

Cicero the Philosopher. Twelve Papers. Edited by Powell J.G.F. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1995.

 

Assent and Argument. Studies in Cicero's Academic Books. Edited by Inwood Brad and Mansfeld Jaap. Leiden: Brill 1997.
Proceedings of the 7th Symposium Hellenisticum (Utrecht, August 21-25, 1995).

 

Cicéron et Philodème. La polémique en philosophie. Edited by Auvray-Assayas Clara and Delattre Daniel. Paris: Rue d'Ulm 2001.

 

Brill´s Companion to Cicero. Oratory and Rhetoric. Edited by May James M. Leiden: Brill 2002.
Contents: Preface IX; List of Contributors XI; 1. James M. May: Cicero: His Life and Career 1; 2. Anthony Corbeill: Rhetorical Education in Cicero's Youth 23; 3. James M. May: Ciceronian Oratory in Context 49; 4. Ann Vasaly: Cicero's Early Speeches 71; 5. Robert W. Cape, Jr.: Cicero's Consular Speeches 113; 6. Andrew M. Riggsby: The Post Reditum Speeches 159; 7. Anthony Corbeill: Ciceronian Invective 197; 8. Harold C. Gotoff: Cicero's Caesarian Orations 219; 9. Jon Hall: The Philippics 273; 10. Jane W. Crawford: The Lost and Fragmentary Orations 305; 11. Jakob Wisse: The Intellectual Background of Cicero's Rhetorical Works 331; 12. Jakob Wissse: De Oratore: Rhetoric, Philosophy, and the Making of the Ideal Orator 375; 13. Emanuele NarduccI: (translated by the Editor): Brutus: The History of Roman Eloquence 401; 14. Emanuele NarduccI: (translated by the Editor):Orator and the Definition of the Ideal Orator 427; 15. Robert N. Gaines: Cicero's Partitiones Oratoriae and Topica: Rhetorical Philosophy and Philosophical Rhetoric 445; 16. George A. Kennedy: Cicero's Oratorical and Rhetorical Legacy 481; 17. Christopher P. Craig: A Survey of Selected Recent Work on Cicero's
Rhetorica and Speeches 503; Christopher P. Craig: Bibliography 533; General Index 601; Index Locorum 622-632.

 

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Albrecht Michael von. Cicero's Style: A Synopsis. Leiden: Brill 2003.
Followed by Selected Analytic Studies.

 

André Jean-Marie. La philosophie à Rome. Paris: Presses Univeristaires de France 1977.
Chapitre 2 Cicéron créateur de la philosophie latine, pp. 50-101.

 

Aubert Sophie, "Cicéron et la parole stoïcienne: polémique autour de la dialectique," Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale 57: 61-91 (2008).
"In many passages, Cicero analyzes Stoic language in a precise, though polemical, way. Since a syllogistic style coexists with a more abundant one in the same speech, he wholly discredits Stoic rhetoric and declares that the philosophers of the Porch only possess one way of expressing themselves, the dialectical one, whose validity he contests both in the practice of philosophy, which he thinks is ineffective, and in the field of oratory, because such a style is fundamentally inappropriate to every possible audience. In De Oratore, Crassus analyzes Stoic philosophical expression from a rhetorical point of view, whereas he studies Academic and Peripatetic philosophical eloquence without examining if it would suit an orator. In Brutus, the eponymous character insists on the so-called unity and homogeneity of Stoic eloquence, both in Athens and in Rome, in philosophical conversations and in forensic, deliberative or encomiastic speeches. The description of Diogenes of Babylon's style by Antony confirms that Stoic language is restricted to dialectic, and thus unable to delight, to move or even to teach. It is also dry, obscure (because of a constant gap between res and uerba), useless as far as invention and topics are concerned, and above all, self-destructive. However, Stoic dialectic did have a heuristic function, and not only a defensive or an agonistic one."

 

Auvray-Assayas Clara. Cicéron. Paris: Belles Lettres 2006.

 

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Barnes Jonathan. Logic in Academica I and the Lucullus. In Assent and Argument. Studies in Cicero Academic books. Edited by Inwood Brad and Mansfeld Jaap. Leiden: Brill 1997. pp. 140-160

 

Benardete Seth, "Cicero's De Legibus I. Its Plan and Intention," American Journal of Philology 108: 295-309 (1987).
Cicero adds rhetoric to the usual tripartition of philosophy into ethics, physics, and dialectic.

 

Blyth Dougal, "Cicero and Philosophy as Text," Classical Journal 106: 71-98 (2010).
"Philosophy for Cicero implies not only a way of life taught orally in a school but also reading and writing. This foreshadows his influence on the later Latin tradition, which identified philosophy with the meaning and evaluation of texts, and ultimately replaced its conception as an autonomous way of life. I propose four factors in Cicero's influence: initiating the tradition of Latin philosophical prose; developing its vocabulary; the choice of a rhetorical over a dialectical mode; and locating discussion in the context of libraries, reading and book production."

 

Boyancé Pierre, "Cicéron et les parties de la philosophie," Revues des Études Grecques 49: 127-154 (1971).

 

Brignoli Fernando. Le parole greche nelle opere di Cicerone. In Studi ciceroniani. Napoli: Armanni 1957. pp. 101-162

 

Buckley Michael J., "Philosophic Method in Cicero," Journal of the History of Philosophy 8: 143-154 (1970).
"The two moments of Cicero's methodology are invention and judgment, the discovery of things or arguments or symbols and their consequent testing, criticism or verification. His dialogues provide both, not by moving dialectically from oppositions to an assimilation of lesser truths into the greater, but by the perspectival discrimination of scientific formulations into their diverse frames of reference and uniting them into irreducible controversy. Controversy constitutes the universal method, and its product is probabilities. The rhetorical is distinguished from the philosophic as this single method is brought to bear upon particular cases (causae) or universal questions (quaestiones). The four aristotelian questions of inquiry transpose into the four questions of controversy, queries about facts, symbols, kinds, and pragmatic consequences. An example of their structural usage is found in Cicero's treatment of the gods."

 

Burkert Walter, "Cicero als Platoniker und Skeptiker," Gymnasium 72: 175-200 (1965).

 

Clark Mark Edward and Ruebel James S., "Philosophy and Rhetoric in Cicero's Pro Milone," Rheinisches Museum für Philologie128: 57-72 (1975).

 

Clausen Marion. Maxima in sensibus veritas? - Die platonischen und stoischen Grundlagen der Erkenntniskritik in Ciceros Lucullus. Bern: Peter Lang 2008.

 

Cole Thomas A. Canonicity and Multivalence: The Case of Cicero. In The Rhetoric Canon. Edited by Schildgen Brenda Deen. Detroit: Wayne State University Press 1997. pp. 33-45

 

Colish Marcia. The Stoic Tradition from Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages. Leiden: Brill 1985.
Vol. I: Stoicism in Classical Latin literature (1985); Vol. II: Stoicism in Christian Latin thought through the Sixth century (1990).
See Vol. I, Chapter Two: Cicero pp. 61-158.

 

D'Onofrio Giulio. Il parricidio di Cicerone. Le metamorfosi della verità tra gli Academica ciceroniani e il Contra Academicos di Agostino (lettura di testi). In Enosis kai Philia - Unione e amicizia. Omaggio a Francesco Romano. Edited by Barbanti Maria, Giardina Giovanna R., and Manganaro Paolo. Catania: CUECM 2002. pp. 207-236
"Studies the evolution from Cicero's probabilism, through its rejection by Lactantius, for whom only Christianity can supply the indubitable truths required by philosophy; to Augustine'sAcademici. The ignorance of ultimate truth which, for Cicero, is the end result of philosophy, is for Augustine only the starting-point. Truth, being divine, is superior to the human mind, and can be known to us only through divine self-revelation."

 

Douglas Alan Edward. Cicero the Philosopher. In Cicero. Edited by Dorey Thomas Alan. London: Routledge 1965. pp. 135-170

 

Douglas Alan Edward. Cicero. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1968.

 

Douglas Alan Edward. The Intellectual Background of Cicero's Rhetorica. A Study in Method. In Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt, Teil I: Von den Anfängen Roms bis zum Ausgang der Republik, Band 3: Sprache und Literatur (1. Jahrunderth v. Chr.). Edited by Temporini Hildegard. Berlin: de Gruyter 1973. pp. 95-138

 

Dross Juliette. Voir la philosophie. Les représentations de la philosophie à Rome. Rhétorique et philosophie, de Cicéron à Marc Aurèle. Paris: Belles Lettres 2010.

 

Englert Walter, "Bringing Philosophy to the Light: Cicero's Paradoxa Stoicorum," Apeiron 23: 117-142 (1990).
"In the Paradoxa Stoicorum Cicero tried unsuccessfully to bridge the gap that he saw between learned and philosophical discourse on the one hand, and popular discourse on the other. There is a tension in the work between this aim and the form he employed, the commonplace. Cicero learned from this experiment, and the Paradoxa was an important step in his philosophical and literary development."

 

Erskine Andrew, "Cicero and the Shaping of Hellenistic Philosophy," Hermathena: 5-15 (2003).
"Cicero stands closest in time to the lost works of the Hellenistic philosophers, and his are the first substantial philosophical writings to survive since the days of Aristotle. As a result Cicero has done much to shape the way in which we think about the Hellenistic philosophers. In his Tusculan disputations and in De officiis Cicero confronted problems of his own and looked to Greek philosophy for solutions. Cicero was no doxographer putting together tidy summaries; he was a man with strong opinions who turned Hellenistic philosophy into what he wanted it to be."

 

Ferguson John. Cicero's Contribution to Philosophy. In Studies in Cicero. Edited by Ferguson John. Rome: Centro di Studi Ciceroniani 1962. pp. 99-111

 

Fortenbaugh William W. Cicero's Knowledge of the Rhetorical Treatises of Aristotle and Theophrastus. In Cicero's Knowledge of the Peripatos. Edited by Fortenbaugh William W. and Steinmetz Peter. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers 1989. pp. 39-60

 

Fortenbaugh William W., "Cicero, On Invention 1.51-77 Hypothetical Syllogistic and the Early Peripatetics," Rhetorica.A Journal of the History of Rhetoric 16: 25-46 (1998).
"In On Invention, Cicero discusses both induction and deduction. In regard to the latter, Cicero presents a controversy between those who advocate a five-part analysis of deductive reasoning and those who prefer three parts. The issue is not practical or pedagogical, but conceptual in nature. Cicero himself prefers analysis into five parts, and rather confusingly he presents the argument of the advocates of five parts as if it were his own. The argument is striking in that it makes elaborate use of mixed hypothetical syllogisms in order to argue for five parts. Cicero claims that the five-part analysis has been preferred by all who take their start from Aristotle and Theophrastus. A survey of what Theophrastus is reported to have said concerning the hypothetical syllogism renders Cicero's claim intelligible. That is not to say that Theophrastus himself advocated a five-part analysis. Most likely the association with him derives from his known interest in hypothetical syllogistic. Later rhetoricians who identified themselves with the Peripatos made the cormection with the founders of the school, thereby gaining authority for a controversial analysis."

 

Fortenbaugh William W., "Cicero as a Reporter of Aristotelian and Theophrastean Rhetorical Doctrine," Rhetorica.A Journal of the History of Rhetoric13: 37-64 (2005).
"This article is based on a general principle: the study of a fragmentary author should begin with a study of the sources. The particular subject is Cicero as a source for Theophrastus' rhetorical doctrine. The works On Invention, On the Orator and Orator are considered one after the other. The reliability of Cicero is tested by comparing what is said about Aristotle with what we read in the existing Rhetoric. Grounds for caution will be found. In the case of Theophrastus, we shall discover that Cicero does have value as a source, but his value should not be overstated. The reports are often quite general and sometimes they involve Ciceronian additions."

 

Fox Matthew. Cicero's Philosophy of History. New York: Oxford University Press 2007.

 

Gaines Robert N. Cicero's Partitiones Oratoriae and Topica: Rhetorical Philosophy and Philosophical Rhetoric. InBrill´s Companion to Cicero. Oratory and Rhetoric. Edited by May James M. Leiden: Brill 2002. pp. 445-480

1. Gantar Kajetan, "Cicero über die Anfänge der Philosophie in Rom," Wiener Humanistische Blätter: 45-58 (1995).
   Sonderheft zur Philosophie der Antike.
2. Gawlick Gunther, "Untersuchungen zu Ciceros philosophischer Methode", 1956.
   Unpublished Ph.D. thesis (University of Kiel).
3. Gawlick Gunther and Görler Woldemar. Cicero. In Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophie. Die Philosophie der Antike Band IV: Die hellenistische Philosophie. Edited by Flashar Helmut. Basel: Schwabe 1994. pp. 991-1168
   Begründet von Friedrich Ueberweg.
4. Gersh Stephen. Middle Platonism and Neoplatonism. The Latin Tradition. Notre Dame: University of Indiana Press 1986.
   See Vol. I Chapter 1, Cicero pp. 53-154.
5. Gigon Olof. Cicero und die griechische Philosophie. In Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt, Teil I: Von den Anfängen Roms bis zum Ausgang der Republik, Band 4: Philosophie und Wissenschaften. Edited by Temporini Hildegard. Berlin: de Gruyter 1973. pp. 226-261
6. Gigon Olof, "Cicero und Aristoteles," Hermes 87: 143-162 (2011).
7. Gildenhard Gingo. The Construction of Reality in Cicero's Speeches. New York: Oxford University Press 2011.
8. Glucker John. Cicero's Philosophical Affiliations. In The Question of "Eclecticism". Studies in Later Greek Philosophy. Edited by Dillon John M. and Long Anthony Arthur. Berkeley: University of California Press 1988. pp. 34-69
9. Glucker John, "Cicero's Philosophical Affiliations Again," Liverpool Classical Monthly 17: 134-138 (1992).
10. Görler Woldemar. Untersuchungen zu Ciceros Philosophie. Heidelberg: C. Winter 1974.
11. Görler Woldemar, "From Athens to Tusculum: Reconsidering the background of Cicero's De oratore," Rhetorica 6: 215-235 (1988).
    Reprinted in: W. Görler, Kleine Schriften zur hellenistisch-römischen Philosophie, edited by Christoph Catrein, Philosophia Antiqua, XCV, Leiden:Brill, 2004, pp. 172-192.
12. Görler Woldemar. Cicero und die 'Schule des Aristoteles'. In Cicero's knowledge of the Peripatos. Edited by Fortenbaugh William W. and Steinmetz Peter. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers 1989. pp. 246-262
    Reprinted in: W. Görler, Kleine Schriften zur hellenistisch-römischen Philosophie, edited by Christoph Catrein, Philosophia Antiqua, XCV, Leiden:Brill, 2004, pp. 193-211.
    "Cicero is well acquainted with Peripatetic philosophers from Theophrastus up to his own time. But he does not approve of their philosophical tenets and quotes them but rarely. Some general conclusions may be drawn as to Cicero's reliability as a "source author": Wherever Cicero cites his authority he may be trusted. More often, however, his statements about Greek philosophers (given in vague and general terms) are thoroughly tinged with his own philosophical convictions. Verbatim quotations of Greek 'sources' are to be found only where Cicero says so, explicitly. All other passages are of his own wording and should not be regarded as 'fragments'."
13. Görler Woldemar. Antiochos von Askalon über die "Alten" und über die Stoa: Beobachtungen zu Cicero, Academici posteriores 1,24-43. In Beiträge zur hellenistischen Literatur und ihrer Rezeption in Rom. Edited by Steinmetz Peter. Stuttgart: Steiner 1990. pp. 123-139
    Reprinted in: W. Görler, Kleine Schriften zur hellenistisch-römischen Philosophie, edited by Christoph Catrein, Philosophia Antiqua, XCV, Leiden:Brill, 2004, pp. 87-104.
14. Görler Woldemar. Cicero's Philosophical Stance in the Lucullus. In Assent and Argument. Studies in Cicero' Academic Books. Edited by Inwood Brad and Mansfeld Jaap. Leiden: Brill 1997. pp. 36-57
    Reprinted in: W. Görler, Kleine Schriften zur hellenistisch-römischen Philosophie, edited by Christoph Catrein, Philosophia Antiqua, XCV, Leiden:Brill, 2004, pp. 268-290.
15. Gorman Robert. The Socratic Method in the Dialogues of Cicero. Wiesbaden: Franz steiner 2005.
16. Gotter Ulrich. Der Platonismus Ciceros und die Krise der Republik. In Hellenismus. Beiträge zur Erforschung von Akkulturation und politischer Ordnung in den Staaten des hellenistischen Zeitalters. Edited by Funck Bernd. Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck) 1996. pp. 543-559
17. Gottschalk Hans B. Aristotelian philosophy in the Roman world from the time of Cicero to the end of the Second century AD. In Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt. Tel II: Teilband: Philosophie (Platonismus, [Forts.]; Aristotelismus) Band 36: Philosophie, Wissenschaften, Technik. Edited by Haase Wolfgang. Berlin: de Gruyter 1987. pp. 1079-1174
    Revised reprint in: R. Sorabji (ed.) - Aristotle transformed. The Ancient Commentators and their Influence (London, Duckworth, 1990), pp. 55-81.
18. Guazzoni Foà Virginia, "La terminologia filosofica ciceroniana," Giornale di Metafisica 13: 225-242 (1958).
19. Guérin Charles. Persona. L'élaboration d'une notion rhétorique au Ier siècle av. J.-C. Paris: Vrin 2009.
    Volume I: Antécédents grecs et première rhétorique latine (2009); Volume II: Théorisation cicéronienne de la persona oratoire (2011).
20. Hartung Hans-Joachim. Ciceros Methode bei der Übersetzung griechischer philosophischer Termini. Hamburg: 1970.
21. Hirzel Rudolf. Untersuchungen zu Ciceros philosophischen Schriften. Leipzig: S. Hirzel 1877.
    Vol. 1: 1. De natura deorum (1877); Vol. 2.1/2: De finibus. De officiis (1882); Vol. 3: Academica priora. Tusculanae disputationes (1883).
22. Horsley Richard A., "The Law of Nature in Philo and Cicero," Harvard Theological Review 71: 35-59 (1978).
    " Philo is the first to use the Greek expression nomos tes phuseos frequently, but the same idea occurs earlier in Cicero. Both Philo and Cicero drew on a Stoic tradition, which was part of a broad movement of social-political philosophy. Antiochus of Ascalon, head of the Academy in the early first century B.C., was the key figure and the thinker upon whom Cicero and, probably, Philo depend. The Christian idea of natural law and the philosophical rationalization of Roman law derive from the transcendent conception of the law of nature."
23. Huby Pamela, "Boethius vindicates Cicero as a logician," Liverpool Classical Monthly 13: 60-61 (1988).
24. Huby Pamela. Cicero's Topics and its Peripatetic Sources. In Cicero's Knowledge of the Peripatos. Edited by Fortenbaugh William W. and Steinmetz Peter. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers 1989. pp. 61-76
    "What is the origin of the list of Topics in Cicero's Topics and other works? Aristotle's primarily dialectical topics were transferred to rhetoric and law, and Cicero's inept treatment suggests a Greek original designed for different purposes. The fifth-century Martianus Capella has a similar list and, separately, some propositional logic identical with that embedded in Cicero's list. Both may have a post-Chrysippean Stoic original. Boethius claims to give a list of topics from Themistius, but that is confused. Cicero's account of what a topic is may come from Theophrastus, but his sources are many."
25. Johanson Carmen and Londey David, "Cicero on Propositions: Academica II.95," Mnemosyne 41: 325-342 (1988).
26. Jones David Mervyn, "Cicero as a Translator," Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 6: 22-34 (1959).
27. Leonhardt Jünger. Ciceros Kritik der Philosophenschulen. München: C. H. Beck 1999.
28. Lévy Carlos, "La dialectique de Cicéron dans les livres II et IV du De finibus," Revues des Études Latines 62: 111-127 (1984).
29. Lévy Carlos, "Cicéron et la Quatrième Académie," Revues des Études Latines 63: 32-41 (1985).
30. Lévy Carlos, "Le De officiis dans l'oeuvre philosophique de Cicéron," Vita latina 116: 10-16 (1989).
31. Lévy Carlos. Cicero Academicus. Recherches sur les "Académiques" et sur la philosophie cicéronienne. Rome: École française de Rome 1992.
32. Lévy Carlos. Cicéron créateur du vocabulaire latin de la connaissance: essay de synthèse. In La langue latine langue de la philosophie. Palais Farnèse: École française de Rome 1992. pp. 91-106
    "La création par Cicéron du vocabulaire philosophique latin a été un acte d'une grande audace intellectuelle, à l'égard duquel Atticus et Varron ont d'abord été très réservés, pour des raisons à la fois culturelles et philosophiques. C'est l'élaboration dans les Académiques d'une terminologie fort complexe, destinée à rendre les concepts gnoséologiques stoïciens et académiciens, qui a renforcé la confiance que Cicéron a toujours eue dans les possibilités philosophiques de la langue latine. L'étude de ce vocabulaire (epoché, katalepton, sugkatathesis, ennoia, prolepsis) montre que, si le principal souci de Cicéron était de concilier précision et uarietas, il a néanmoins exprimé, par son choix ou sa création de certains termes, une vision du monde qui ne coïncidait pas nécessairement avec celle des philosophes grecs. La construction du concept de "probalble" à partir du pithanon et de l'eulogon confirme à quel point cette démarche aura été féconde."
33. Lévy Carlos. Doxographie et philosophie chez Cicéron. In Le concept de nature à Rome. La physique. Edited by Lévy Carlos. Paris: Presses de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure 1996. pp. 109-123
34. Lévy Carlos. Les titres des oeuvres philosophiques de Cicéron. In Titres et articulations du texte dans l'Antiquité. Edited by Fredouille Jean-Claude. Paris: Études augustiniennes 1997. pp. 191-207
35. Lévy Carlos. Cicéron critique de l'éloquence stoïcienne. In Papers on Rhetoric. Vol III. Edited by Calboli Montefusco Lucia. Bologna: CLUEB 2000. pp. 127-144
36. Lévy Carlos, "Cicéron, le moyen platonisme et la philosophie romaine: à propos de la naissance du concept latin de qualitas," Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale57: 5-20 (2008).
    "Cicero held a complex position towards Middle Platonism. His masters, Philo of Larissa and Antiochus of Ascalon, each in his own way, had used elements which were to influence the emergence of this kind of thought. As for him, who inherited both of these teachings, he defines himself as a rigorous New Academic, but his work includes most of the ingredients usually considered as the theoretical core of Middle Platonism. The invention of qualitas has much to do with this situation. Apparently, this word is the exact equivalent of Stoic poiotés however, it is original insofar as it does not refer any more to the Stoic theory of principles, since the active power acting on matter is not identified with the pneuma any more. As he identifies qualitas with the qualified object, Cicero, through Antiochus-Varro, leaves room to the hypothesis that the world may not have a material origin."
37. Liscu Marin O. Étude sur la langue de la philosophie morale chez Cicéron. Paris: Belles Lettres 1930.
38. Liscu Marin O. L'éxpression des idées philosophiques chez Cicéron. Paris: Belles Lettres 1937.
39. Long Anthony Arthur. Cicero's Plato and Aristotle. In Cicero the Philosopher. Twelve Papers. Edited by Powell J.G.F. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1995. pp. 37-61
    Reprinted in: A. A. Long, From Epicurus to Epictetus. Studies in Hellenistic and Roman Philosophy, New York, Oxford University Press, 2006, pp. 285-306.
40. MacKendrick Paul. The Philosophical Books of Cicero. London: Duckworth 1989.
    With the collaboration of Karen Lee Singh.
41. Mancal Josef. Untersuchungen zum Begriff der Philosophie bei M. Tullius Cicero. München: W. Fink 1982.
42. Marinone Nino. Cronologia ciceroniana. Bologna: Patron 2004.
    Second edition updated and corrected by Ermanno Malaspina (also available in CD-ROM).; First edition: Roma: Centro di studi ciceroniani, 1997.
43. Maso Stefano. Capire e dissentire. Cicerone e la filosofia di Epicuro. Napoli: Bibliopolis 2008.
44. May James M. Cicero as Rhetorician. In A Companion to Roman Rhetoric. Edited by Dominik William and Hall Jon.Blackwell 2007. pp. 250-263
45. McKeon Richard. Introduction to the Philosophy of Cicero. In Brutus. On the Nature of the Gods. On Divination. On Duties. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1950. pp. 1-65
46. McKeon Richard. The Methods of Rhetoric and Philosophy: Invention and Judgment. In The Classical Tradition. Literary and Historical Studies in Honor of Harry Caplan. Edited by Wallach Luitpold. Ithaca: Cornell University Press 1966. pp. 365-373
    Reprinted as Chapter 6 in: R. McKeon, Selected Writings of Richard McKeon. Vol. 2:: Culture, Education, and the Arts, edited by Zahava K. MacKeon and William G. Swenson, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2005, pp. 97-103.
47. Merguet Hugo. Lexikon zu den philosophischen Schriften Cicero's. Mit Angabe samtlicher Stellen. Hildesheim: Georg Olms 1961.
    Original edition in three volumes Jean, 1887-1894.
48. Michel Alain. Le 'Dialogue des orateurs' de Tacite et la philosophie de Cicéron. Paris: Klincksieck 1962.
49. Michel Alain. Rhétorique et philosophie dans les traités de Cicéron. In Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt, Teil I: Von den Anfängen Roms bis zum Ausgang der Republik, Band 3: Sprache und Literatur (I. Jahrundert v. Chr.). Edited by Temporini Hildegard. Berlin: de Gruyter 1973. pp. 139-208
50. Michel Alain. La théorie de la rhétorique chez Cicéron: éloquence et philosophie. In Éloquence et Rhétorique chez Cicéron. Sept exposés suivis de discussions. Edited by Ludwig Walther. Genève: Fondation Hardt 1982. pp. 109-147
51. Michel Alain. Cicéron et la langue philosophique: problèmes d'éthique et d'esthétique. In La langue latine langue de la philosophie. Palais Farnèse: École française de Rome 1992. pp.
    Actes du colloque organisé per l'École française de Rome avec le concours de l'Universitém de Rome "La Sapienza" (Rome, 17-19 mai 1990).
    "La philosophie morale joue un rôle dominant dans la pensée de Cicéron. On a reproché à la langue qu'il emploie l'imprécision, l'équivoque et le manque de personnalité; on a souligné que le latin se prêtait mal à la transcription d'enseignements grecs. En réalité, la démarche de l'orateur est originale, fondée sur la mise en relation de la rhétorique, de la philosophie et de la romanité (dialogue et doxographie, langage et mores, esthétique et sagesse). Ainsi apparaissent, autour de la notion d'humanitas, un certain nombre de termes qui resteront fondamentaux jusqu'à notre temps."
52. Michel Alain. Les rapports de la rhétorique et de la philosophie dans l'oeuvre de Cicéron. Louvain: Peeters 2003.
    Deuxième édition avec une Appendice 1960-2002 (pp. 741-753).
    Première édition: Paris, 1960.
53. Moreschini Claudio, "Osservazioni sul lessico filosofico di Cicerone," Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa.Classe di Lettere e Filosofia 9: 99-178 (1979).
    "L'esame della terminologia filosofica di Cicerone non seguirà il più comune e più noto ordine della tripartizione stoica (logica - fisica - etica), bensì quello che Cicerone stesso si è dato nel proemio al secondo libro del De divinatione, e su cui si è opportunamente soffermato P. Boyancé (1), e precisamente: problema della conoscenza (Academica), etica (De finibus e Tusculanae), fisica (De natura deorum, De divinatione, De fato); la logica, in particolare il suo aspetto di quaestio perÌ dunaton, si ricollega al De fato. Sarebbe, questo, un ordine che rispecchierebbe la successione di Antioco di Ascalona, secondo il quale l'etica precederebbe la fisica." p. 103.
    
    (1) Cf. P. Boyancé, Cicéron et les parties de la philosophie, Revue des Études Latines, XLIX, 1971, 127-154.
54. Muchnova Dagmar, "Veritas dans les traités philosophiques de Marcus Tullius Cicéron," Graecolatina Pragensia 8: 41-51 (1980).
    "L'examen des synonymes et antonymes et l'analyse de l'emploi de veritas, surtout du point de vue sémantique, montrent que Cicéron a contribué à la diffusion de ce terme, ainsi qu'à celle du mot verum, et qu'il les a enrichis d'un sens philosophique."
55. Muller Philippe. Cicéron, un philospphe pour notre temps. Lausanne: L'Age d'Homme 1990.
56. Poncelet Roland. Cicéron traducteur de Platon. L'expression de la pensée complexe en latin classique. Paris: De Boccard 1957.
57. Powell J.G.F. Cicero's translations from Greek. In Cicero the Philosopher. Twelve Papers. Edited by Powell J.G.F. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1995. pp. 273-300
58. Powell Jonathan. Cicero. In Greek and Roman philosophy 100 BC - 200 AD. Vol. II. Edited by Sharples Robert W. and Sorabji Richard. London: Institute of Classical Studies 2007. pp. 333-345
59. Radford Robert T. Cicero. A Study in the Origins of Republican Philosophy. Amsterdam: Rodopi 2002.
60. Rawson Elizabeth, "The Introduction of Logical Organisation in Roman Prose Literature," Papers of the British School at Rome 46: 12-34 (1978).
    Reprinted in: E. Rawson, Roman Culture and Society: Collected Papers, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1991, pp. 324-351.
61. Rawson Elizabeth. Cicero. A Portrait. Ithaca: Cornell University Press 1983.
62. Riposati Benedetto. Studi sui Topica di Cicerone. Milano: Vita e Pensiero 1947.
63. Riposati Benedetto. La terminologia logica nelle opere retoriche di Cicerone. In Hommages à Henry Bardon. Edited by Renard Marcel and Laurens Pierre. Bruxelles: Latomus 1985. pp. 319-331
64. Rosén Hanna. The Mechanisms of Latin Nominalization and Conceptualization in Historical View. In Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt, Teil II: Principat, Band 29.2: Sprache und Literatur (Sprachen und Schriften). Edited by Haase Wolfgang. Berlin: de Gruyter 193. pp. 178-211
    See in particular: Specialized uses and names for nominal concepts: Cicero's methods of innovation, pp. 204-209.
65. Rubinelli Sara. Ars Topica. The Classical Technique of Constructing Arguments from Aristotle to Cicero. Dordrecht: Springer 2009.
    Contents; Introduction by David S. Levene: Topoi in Their Rhetorical Context XVII-XXII; Part I: The Creation of the Method of Topoi and Its Characteristics. 1. Aristotle's Topics 3; 2. Dialectical and Rhetorical Uses of Topoi 43; Part II: Topoi andLoci. 3. Cicero's Use of Locus in De Inventione 93; 4.Cicero's List of Aristotelian Loci 111; Conclusion 145; Bibliography 149; Index of Concepts 155; Index of Passages 157-160.
66. Ruch Michel. Le Préambule dans les oeuvres philosophiques de Cicéron. Essai sur la genèse et l'art du dialogue. Strasbourg: Presses Universitaires de Strasbourg 1995.
67. Runia David T. Aristotle and Theophrastus conjoined in the writings of Cicero. In Cicero's Knowledge of the Peripatos. Edited by Fortenbaugh William W. and Steinmetz Peter. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers 1989. pp. 23-38
    "An analysis is given of the 16 passages in Cicero's rhetorical and philosophical works where the names of Aristotle and Theophrastus are mentioned together. Cicero joins them together so often (1) because of his great interest in philosophical successions, and (2) because he regards the encyclopedic research carried out in the early Peripatos as an example to follow in his own attempt to present philosophy to a Roman audience."
68. Schallenberg Magnus. Freiheit und Determinismus. Ein philosophischer Kommentar zu Ciceros Schrift De fato. Berlin: de Gruyter 2008.
69. Schenkeveld Dirk M. Philosophical Prose. In Handbook of Classical Rhetoric in the Hellenistic Period, 330 B.C.-A.D. 400. Edited by Porter Stanley E. Leiden: Brill 2001. pp. 195-264
70. Schmidt Peter L., "Cicero's Place in Roman Philosophy: a Study of his Prefaces," Classical Journal 74: 115-127 (1979).
    "Cicero's philosophical works represent two phases, the first from 56 B.C. to 51 when he wrote political philosophy as part of his active involvement in public life, and the second from 46 to 43 when, deprived of political influence by the course of events, he turned to ethics. In the prefaces to the works of the second period, he presents himself as motivated by a desire still to serve the state and by cultural competition with his Greek models. His reluctance to endorse the views of any one school was partly the result of his own sceptical leanings and partly a didactic principle."
71. Schofield Malcolm. Cicero, Zeno of Citium, and the Vocabulary of Philosophy. In Le Style de la pensée. Recueil de textes en hommage à Jacques Brunschwig. Edited by Canto-Sperber Monique and Pellegrin Pierre. Paris: Belles Lettres 2002. pp. 412-428
72. Schrenk Lawrence, "Cicero on Rhetoric and Philosophy: Tusculan Disputations I," Ancient Philosophy 14: 355-360 (1994).
73. Schütrumpf Eckart, "Platonic Elements in the Structure of Cicero De Oratore Book 1," Rhetorica 6: 237-258 (1988).

 

Smethurst Stanley Eric, "Cicero's Rhetorical and Philosophical Works: A Bibliographical Survey," Classical World 51: 1-4 (1957).
Second part: vol. 58 (1964), pp. 36-45; Third part: vol. 61 (1967), pp. 125-133.

 

Spahlinger Lothar. Tulliana Simplicitas. Zu Form Und Funktion Des Zitats in Den Philosophischen Dialogen Ciceros. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2005.

 

Strasburger Hermann. Ciceros philosophisches Spätwerk als Aufruf gegen die Herrschaft Caesars. Hildesheim: Georg Olms 1990.

 

Striker Gisela,

"Cicero and Greek Philosophy," Harvard Studies in Philology 97: 53-61 (1995).

 

Süss Wilhelm. Cicero: eine Einführung in seine philosophischen Schriften (mit Ausschluss der staatsphilosophischen Werke). Wiesbaden: Steiner 1966.

 

Swain Simon.

Bilingualism in Cicero? The Evidence of Code-Switching. In Bilingualism in Ancient Society. Language Contact and the Written Word. Edited by Adams J.N., Janse Mark, and Swain Simon. New York: Oxford University Press 2002. pp. 128-168

"This chapter explores the problem of Roman Latin-Creek bilingualism in the Late Republic. There is an abundance of evidence to show that Romans at this time knew classical Greek literature well enough. Some of them, like Cicero, knew key parts of it extremely well. Cicero himself was able to compose Greek prose and verse and to deliver set speeches in Greek before a Greek audience. No one would deny that he could speak Greek well. It is a commonly held view that Cicero's peers were fluent in Greek and regularly used it in conversation with each other. There are, however, no grounds for the latter belief. This chapter places Cicero's choices against the general background and function of bilingualism in Rome."

Tarán Leonardo.

Cicero's Attitude towards Stoicism and Skepticism in the De natura deorum. In Florilegium Colombianum. Essays in Honor of Paul Oskar Kristeller.Edited by Selig Karl-Ludwig and Somerville Robert. New York: Italica Press 1987. pp. 1-22
Reprinted in: L. Tarán, Collected Papers (1962-1999), Ledien, Brill, 2001, pp. 455-478.

 

Thorsrud Harald,

"Cicero on his Academic Predecessors: the Fallibilism of Arcesilaus and Carneades," Journal of the History of Philosophy 40: 1-18 (2002).

 

Watson Gerald.

The Natural Law and Stoicism. In Problems in Stoicism. Edited by Long Anthony Arthur. London: Athlone Press 1971. pp.
"The concept of natural law, although it had antecedents in Greek philosophy, was first given general expression by the Stoics. It was transmitted by Cicero to the Church Fathers and thence into medieval and modern philosophy."

 

Wisse Jakob.

De Oratore: Rhetoric, Philosophy, and the Making of the Ideal Orator.

In Brill´s Companion to Cicero. Oratory and Rhetoric. Edited by May James M. Leiden: Brill 2002. pp. 375-401

 

Wood Neal.

Cicero's Social and Political Thought. Berkeley: University of California Press 1988.

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• First Part: A - E
  Second Part: F - Z