Speranza
"Bibliography of Critical Works and of Major Texts of the Grail
Legend", Loomis.
"Contes populaires des anciens
Brétons"
Théodore Claude Henri Hersart de la Villemarqué,, 1842,, Paris.
Wagner's source for the story of Peredur.
Wagner's Bayreuth library includes
three other books by Villemarqué.
Mabinogion or The Four Branches of the
Mabinogi, unknown, tr. Jeffrey Gantz, 1976, Penguin Books Ltd., Harmondsworth
UK.
A collection of eleven prose tales from the Welsh oral tradition, including
a version of Peredur.
The earliest manuscript dates from about 1325.
"Parzival"
Wolfram von Eschenbach, 1980, tr. A.T. Hatto, Penguin Books Ltd.,
Harmondsworth UK.
There are several other good modern editions available.
Wolfram's Parzival is widely (but perhaps wrongly) regarded as the primary
source of Wagner's poem.
The edition that Wagner studied in 1859 was a modern
German edition by San-Marte (Magdeburg 1836).
His Dresden library contained Karl
Lachmann's (MHG) edition (Berlin 1833) and the modern German edition by Simrock
(1842).
Wagner read one or both of these in 1845.
His Bayreuth library also
contains a later edition (1857) of Simrock's translation and one by Karl Bartsch
(1871).
Parceval-Studien, San-Marte,,, Waisenhaus Verlag, Halle. One of
Wagner's supplementary sources for his version of the Grail legend.
Vol. 1:
German translation of Guiot de Provins, with commentary and glossary.
Vol.
2:
Commentary on religion and the Grail in Wolfram von Eschenbach.
Vol. 3:
The Grail knights.
Wagner's Bayreuth library includes several other books by
San-Marte, including his translation (from latin) of Geoffrey of Monmouth's "
Historia Regum Brittanniae" and his life of Wolfram von Eschenbach.
"Perceval
le Gallois", compilation, 1866-71, tr. Ch. Potvin, Société des Bibliophiles de
Mons.
Seven volumes.
Modern French text of Perceval and the Continuations, with
Perlesvaus. See Wagner's Bayreuth Library for details.
"Perceval: The Story
of the Grail"
(Perceval ou il Conte du Graal) or Perceval li Gallois, Chrétien de
Troyes, 1982, tr. Nigel Bryant, D.S. Brewer, Cambridge UK.
Bryant's slightly
abridged edition incorporates large parts of the Continuations, in which various
authors (or editors) attempted to complete Chrétien's unfinished romance.
"Perceval" was one of Wagner's sources for his version of the Grail legend.
Joseph d'Arimithie published as Le Roman de l'Estoire dou Saint Graal,
Robert de Boron, ed. W.A.Nitze, 1927, Les Classiques français du moyen-âge,
Paris. Parts of the text were translated by M. Schlauch and published in
Medieval Narrative, 1928, NY.
The Modena-manuscript prose versions of de Boron's
Joseph and Merlin, together with the Modena Perceval have recently been
translated into English:
"Merlin and the Grail", Nigel Bryant, 2001, D.S.Brewer,
Cambridge UK.
Didot Perceval also known as Perceval le Gallois tr. as The
Romance of Perceval in Prose, tr. D. Skeels, 1961, Univ. of Washington Press,
DC.
The book was named for a Parisian bookseller who owned one of the
manuscripts.
In French prose of the early 13th century, this work is presented
as a continuation of Robert de Boron's Joseph and Merlin. It ends with an early
version of the Mort Artu. The Didot text is a rather garbled version of the more
consistent and complete text to be found in the Modena manuscript referred to
above.
Perlesvaus, Le Haut Livre du Graal or The High History of the Grail,
unknown, tr. S. Evans, 1903, 1969 reprint, James Clarke, Cambridge UK.
Loomis
describes this translation as inaccurate.
Probably (especially if it is the
first volume of Potvin's compilation) one of Wagner's supplementary sources for
his version of the Grail legend. Text (English).
The Quest of the Holy Grail
(Queste del Saint Graal), unknown, 1969, P.M. Matarasson, Penguin Books Ltd.,
Harmondsworth UK. From a literary viewpoint the most perfect story of the Grail,
completed about 1225. Part of the Vulgate Cycle, and thus one of Malory's
sources for his version of the Quest.
Sir Gawain at the Grail Castle,
compilation, tr. J.L.Weston, 1903, Nutt (Arthurian Romances no.6),. This
compilation includes three versions of the episode: that which Weston called the
Bleheris version, part of the First Continuation to Perceval; the German poem
Diu Crône (The Crown); and the version from the Prose Lancelot.
St. John
Damascene: Barlaam And Ioasaph,, G.R. Woodward and H. Mattingly, 1914, Harvard
University Press, Cambridge MA.
The story of Barlaam and Josaphat, which Wagner
added to his Dresden library (now in Haus Wahnfried) in a modern German
translation re-published in 1843, was an important source for the second act of
Parsifal. Online text.
Introduction à l'histoire
du Buddhisme indien, Eugène Burnouf, Paris, Imprimerie Royale, 1844. The book
that inspired Wagner's Die Sieger. Wagner's Bayreuth library contains two other
books by Burnouf: Le lotus de la bonne loi and his translation of the
Bhagavad-Gîtâ.
The Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature, Har
Dayal, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd., 1932. Reprinted 1970, 1999 by
Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Ltd., Delhi.
Die Religion des Buddha
und ihre Entstehung, Carl Friedrich Köppen,, Berlin, Schneider, 1857. Read by
Wagner in 1858; he found it "unedifying".
Buddha, sein Leben, seine Lehre,
seine Gemeinde, Hermann Oldenberg,, Berlin, 1881. Read by Wagner in late 1882.
Present location of his copy unknown.
Buddha : His Life, His Doctrine, His
Order, English translation of the above by William Hoey. Modern edition:
Pilgrims Book, Delhi, 1998.
A Manual of Buddhism in its Modern Development,
Robert Spence Hardy, London, 1853. Another of the books recommended by
Schopenhauer. Probably the source of Wagner's spear that stops in mid-air.
Modern edition: Munshiram Manoharlal, New Delhi, 1995.
Sutta Nipáta or
dialogues and discourses of Gotama Buddha : translated from the Páli, with
introduction and notes, M. Coomára Swámy, Trübner, London, 1874. Wagner's
studies of Buddhism continued with this translation of Suttas from the Pali
canon.
Indische Skizzen, Albrecht Weber, Berlin, Dümmler, 1857. Of
particular interest interest in this book, of which a copy is present in
Wagner's Bayreuth library, is the 1856 lecture Über den Buddhismus. In Weber's
view the Buddha was both a religious and a social reformer, a view that Wagner
might have found consistent with his view of Jesus as expressed in Jesus von
Nazareth. In this lecture Weber expressed the opinion that the concept of karma
was brought to India by the Aryan invaders, i.e. that it was part of the Vedic
tradition from the beginning.
Richard Wagner und Indien, G. Lanczowski, in
H. O. Günther, Indien und Deutschland, Frankfurt a.M., 1956. Lanczowski argued
that some of Wagner's later works, especially his Tristan und Isolde, were
essentially Buddhist in outlook. His arguments are not developed and mostly
superficial. Lanczkowski failed to see that, at least before 1874, Wagner's
interest in Buddhism focussed on the northern (Maháyána) tradition.
Richard
Wagner och den indiska tankevärlden, Carl Suneson,, 1985, Almqvist & Wiksell
International: Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis (Stockholm Oriental Studies
vol.13), Stockholm. ISBN 91-22-00775-X. Suneson's monograph is the only extended
treatment of all aspects of
Wagner's interest in Indian literature and
religions.
Richard Wagner und die Indische Geisteswelt,, Brill Academic
Publishers Inc., Leiden, 1989. German translation by Gert Kreutzer of the above.
Richard Wagners Buddha-Projekt "Die Sieger": Seine ideellen und
strukturellen Spuren in "Ring" und "Parsifal", Wolfgang Osthoff, Arkiv für
Musikwissenschaft 40:3, 1983, p 189-211. A lecture given in the Villa Wesendonk
on the 100th anniversary of Richard Wagner's death.
Richard Wagner's
Buddha-Project "Die Sieger" ("The Victors"): its traces in the ideas and
structure of "The Ring" and "Parsifal", English translation of the above with
minor revisions (and some errors) by William Buchanan, Museum Rietberg, Zürich,
1996.
Richard Wagner und der Buddhismus: Liebe -- Tragik, Urs App, Museum
Rietberg, Zürich, 1997. A lecture given in the Villa Wesendonck on the 140th
anniversary of Wagner's prose sketch for Die Sieger.
The Buddhist Nirvana
and its Western Interpreters, Guy R. Welbon, Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago, 1968.
In particular the chapter entitled, Schopenhauer, Wagner and Nietzsche on
Nirvana.
Writings of Richard and Cosima Wagner
Das Braune Buch:
Tagebuchaufzeichnungen 1865-1882, Richard Wagner, ed. Joachim Bergfeld, 1975,
Atlantis Musikbuch-Verlag, Zürich.
The Diary of Richard Wagner: The Brown
Book, Richard Wagner, tr. George Bird, 1980, Victor Gollancz Ltd., London.
Cosima Wagner: Die Tagebücher 1869-1883 (2 vols hb., 4 vols pb.), Cosima
Wagner, ed. Martin Gregor-Dellin and Dietrich Mack, 1976-7, Piper, Munich and
Zurich.
Cosima Wagner's Diaries (2 vols), Cosima Wagner, tr. Geoffrey
Skelton, 1978-80, Wm. Collins Sons and Co. Ltd., London.
Mein Leben, Richard
Wagner, ed. Martin Gregor-Dellin, 1976,, Munich.
My Life, Richard Wagner,
tr. Andrew Gray ed. Mary Whittall, 1983, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge UK. A
translation of Mein Leben.
Religion and Art, Richard Wagner, tr. Wm. Ashton
Ellis, 1994 reprint, Univ. of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London. Volume VII of
Richard Wagner's Prose Works.
Selected Letters of Richard Wagner, Richard
Wagner, tr. and ed. Stewart Spencer and Barry Millington, 1987, J.M. Dent and
Sons Ltd., London.
König Ludwig II. und Richard Wagner: Briefwechsel,
Richard Wagner and King Ludwig II, ed. Otto Strobel, 1936,, Karlsruhe.
Richard Wagner an Mathilde Wesendonk: Tagebuchblätter und Briefe 1853-1871,
Richard Wagner, ed. Wolfgang Golther, 1914,, Leipzig. Letters to Mathilde
Wesendonk.
Richard et Cosima Wagner: Lettres à Judith Gautier, Richard and
Cosima Wagner, ed. Léon Guichard, 1964,, Paris. Letters to Judith Gautier.
"The Dream King"
Wilfrid Blunt,, 1970,
Hamish Hamilton Ltd., London.
A short biography of Ludwig II for the English
reader. Sections of the book are unashamedly plagiarised from Ernest Newman's
biography of Richard Wagner.
"The Darker Side of Genius: Richard Wagner's
Anti-Semitism"
Jacob Katz,, 1986, Brandeis Univ. Press, Hanover and London.
Discusses Wagner's place in the history of anti-Semitism and the importance of
anti- Semitism in the life and works of Richard Wagner.
"The Quest of the Holy Grail"
Jessie L. Weston,, 1913:
1990 reprint, The Banton Press, Largs Scotland.
From Ritual to Romance,
Jessie L. Weston,, 1920: 1993 reprint, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton NJ.
Die Graalslegende in psychologischer Sicht, Emma Jung and Marie-Louise von
Franz,, 1960, Walter Verlag AG, Olten.
This study is the result of a thirty year
long investigation into the Grail legend by Emma Jung, which was left unfinished
on her death in 1955.
The book was completed by M-L von Franz.
In the Grail
legend, a unique blend of fairy-tale and Christian legend, Emma Jung found a
reflection of fundamental human problems and the dramatic psychic events which
form the background of our Christian culture.
The Grail: from Celtic Myth to
Christian Symbol, R.S. Loomis,, 1963, Univ. Wales Press/Columbia Univ. Press,
Cardiff/NY.
Creative Mythology, Joseph Campbell,, 1968, Penguin Books Ltd.,
Harmondsworth UK.
The Hero with a Thousand Faces, Joseph Campbell,, 1972,
Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton NJ.
Le Regard Eloigné, Claude Lévi-Strauss,
1983, Librairie Plon, Paris.
Contains short essays on the Ring and Parsifal from
a structuralist viewpoint.
The View From Afar, Claude Lévi-Strauss, tr.
Joachim Neugroschel and Phoebe Hoss, 1985, Basil Blackwell Ltd., London. A
translation of Le Regard Eloigné.
The Grail Legend, Emma Jung and
Marie-Louise von Franz, tr. Andrea Dykes, 1998, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton
NJ. See above.
Parsifal et l'opéra wagnérien, E. Hippeau,, 1883,, Paris.
"Thematic Guide Through the Music of Parsifal"
Hans von Wolzogen, tr. J.H.
Cornell, 1889, G. Schirmer, NY. Translated from the original Thematischer
Leitfaden durch die Muzik zu R. Wagners Parsifal, 1882.
Parsifal de Richard
Wagner: légende, drame, partition, M. Kufferath,, 1893,, Paris.
Die Sage von
heiligen Gral in ihrer Entwicklung bis auf Richard Wagners Parsifal, E.
Wechsler,, 1898,, Halle.
Parsifal und der Gral in deutscher Sage des
Mittelalters und der Neuzeit, W. Golther,, 1911,, Leipzig.
Introduction à
l'étude de Parsifal, V. d'Indy,, 1937,, Paris.
Dokumente zur Entstehung und
ersten Aufführung des Bühnenweihfestspieles Parsifal, ed. Martin Geck and Egon
Voss,, 1970, Mainz. Volume XXX of Richard Wagner: Sämtliche Werke.
For an
overview of this project see pages 590-592 in the WWV.
Wagners Parsifal:
Kriterien der Kompositionstechnik, Hans-Joachim Bauer,,1977, Musikverlag Emil
Katzbichler, Munich and Salzberg.
Parsifal de Richard Wagner: Opéra
initiatique, J. Chailley,, 1979,, Paris.
Parsifal: Texte, Materialen,
Kommentar,, ed. Attila Csampai and Dietmar Holland, 1980, Rowohlt Taschenbuch
Verlag GmbH (rororo opernbücher), Reinbek bei Hamburg. ISBN 3-499-17809-5.
Richard Wagner: "Parsifal"
Cambridge Opera Handbook,, ed. Lucy Beckett, 1981,
Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge UK.
Lucy Beckett's account of the reception
history of Parsifal and Arnold Whittall's insightful comments on the score are
the parts of this book that will be most useful to the reader.
Some commentators
have found Beckett's discussion of Wagner's sources so incomplete as to be
misleading, however, and her focus on what she saw as the Christian message of
the drama, to the exclusion of other ethical and religious messages in the work,
presents the work as through a distorting lens.
Richard Wagner: Parsifal,,
ed. Heinz-Klaus Metzger and Rainer Riehn, 1982,, Munich.
Parsifal: Ein
Filmessay, Hans Jürgen Syberberg,, 1982, Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich. For those
who were wondering what the film was all about.
Parsifal: Erlösung dem
Erlöser?, Versuch einer anderen Deutung, R. Klier,, 1985, Druck Vorländer,
Siegen.
A thought-provoking reexamination of Parsifal, with cartoons by Matthias
Kringle.
"Parsifal"
Opera Guide 34,, ed. Nicholas John, 1986, John Calder
Ltd./Riverrun Press Inc., London/NY.
Some of the essays in this collection
contain factual errors and the others are simply impenetrable.
The most
interesting of them is a high-level analysis of the music by Robin Holloway.
There is a useful thematic guide and a libretto, with Andrew Porter's singable
translation, indexed to the thematic guide.
Parsifal Reception in the
Bayreuther Blätter, Mary A. Cicora, 1987, Peter Lang, Frankfurt a.M., Berne and
New York.
Das Weltüberwindungswerk:
Wagners Parsifal: ein szenisch-
musikalisches Gleichnis der Philosophie Arthur Schopenhauers, Ulrike Kienzle,,
1992, Laaber-Verlag.
This book approaches the "Schopenhauerian parable" both
from the viewpoint of Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung and from a Christian
angle. Its main failure is to neglect other works by Schopenhauer that are more
directly relevant to Wagner's subject. The Buddhist aspects of the text are
ignored.
"Wagner's Parsifal: The Journey of a Soul"
Peter Bassett,, 2000,
Wakefield Press, South Australia. A balanced and highly readable introduction to
Parsifal and its sources. Includes a free translation of the poem (libretto)
into English.
"A Pagan Spoiled"
"Sex and Character in Wagner's "Parsifal""
Anthony Winterbourne,, 2003, Fairleigh Dickinson Univ. Press and Associated
Univ. Presses, Madison and London.
When the author is not trying to substantiate
Nike Wagner's claim that Geschlecht und Charakter -- the ultimate work of
fin-de-siècle misogynism written by the deranged Otto Weininger -- is the
theoretical underpinning of Wagner's last drama, he makes some interesting
observations about Parsifal.
Unfortunately his pursuit of Nike Wagner's red
herring tends to reduce the author's credibility.
But it's a good read.
"A Companion to Wagner's Parsifal"
William Kinderman and Katherine R. Syer,,
2005, Camden House (Boydell & Brewer Inc.). This fascinating books brings
together essays on a range of topics relating to Parsifal from the leading
scholars in their fields. I cannot recommend this book too highly!
Music Criticisms 1846-99,
E. Hanslick, ed. & trans. H. Pleasants, 1963,, London.
Das Geheimnis der
Form bei Richard Wagner, Alfred Lorenz,, 1966 reprint,,Tutzing. Originally
published in Berlin, 1926. Four volumes of which volume 4 concerns "Parsifal".
Revue wagnerién,,, 1885-8 reprinted 1971,, 3 volumes.
The Legends of the
Wagner Drama, Jessie Laidlay Weston,, 1900, Ch. Scribner's Sons, New York.
Wagner Nights, Ernest Newman,, 1949, Pan Books Ltd., London.
Richard
Wagner's Music Dramas,
Carl Dahlhaus, tr. Mary Whittall, 1979, Cambridge Univ.
Press, Cambridge UK.
Contains a fascinating analysis of Parsifal.
Translated
from Richard Wagners Musikdramen, 1971.
Acts, Wolfgang Wagner, John
Brownjohn, 1994, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London.
Wagner, Michael Tanner,,
1996, Harper Collins, London.
The Wagners : The Dramas of a Musical Dynasty,
originally: Wagner Theater (Suhrkamp: Frankfurt a.M. and Leipzig, 1999), Nike
Wagner; English translation by Ewald Osers and Michael Downes,
2001. Nike
Wagner's superficial and misguided ideas about her great-grandfather's music
dramas are revealed in this compilation of musico-dramatic criticism, family
history and self- promotion.
"Wagner Beyond Good and Evil"
John
Deathridge, Univ. of California Press, 2008, California and London.
This
collection of essays by a leading Wagner scholar contains a wide-ranging and
thought- provoking essay on Parsifal.
Wagners erste Parsifal-Entwürfe, P.Sakolowski, in
Richard-Wagner Jahrbuch, 1906, p.317-26.
Zu Entstehungsgeschichte des
Bühnenweihfestspieles Parsifal, A. Prüfer, in Bayreuther Festspielenführer,
1911, p.152-71.
Zur Quellenkunde des Parsifal, R. Petsch, in Richard-Wagner
Jahrbuch, 1912, p.138-61.
Zur Entstehungsgeschichte des Parsifal, W.
Altmann, in Richard-Wagner Jahrbuch, 1912, p.162-8.
Die Grundlagen der
Parsifal-Dichtung, A. Heuss, in Die Musik, 1912-13, p.206-21 and 323-33.
"The
Cradle of the Parsifal Legend"
M. Unger, in Musical Quarterly, 1932, p.428-42.
A
speculative theory that the legend originated in Persia, supported by
mistranslation of Persian sources.
Zur Partitur des Parsifal, T. Adorno, in
Moments Musicaux, 1964, p.52-7.
Von Meyerbeers Robert der Teufel zum zweiten
Aufzug Parsifal, Walter Keller, in Tribschener Blätter, 1971, p.6-12. English
translation in Wagner, 1992, p.83-90.
Parzival und Parsifal oder Wolframs
Held und Wagners Erlöser, Peter Wapnewski, in Richard
Wagner: von der Oper zum
Musikdrama, ed. S. Kunze, 1978, p.47-60, Berne and Munich. See also the book by
the same author, Der traurige Gott, 1980, Munich.
Parsifal: Facing the
Contradictions
Barry Millington
Musical Times, 1983, p.97-8.
Jüdische
Theosophie in Richard Wagners Parsifal: Vom christlichen Antisemitismus zur
ästhetischen Kabbala, Wolf-Daniel Hartwich, in Richard Wagner und die Juden, ed.
D. Borchmeyer, A. Maayani and S. Vill, Stuttgart and Weimar, 2000, p. 103-122.
Hartwich seeks to demonstrate the influence of esoteric Jewish teachings on
Parsifal.
Parsifal under the Bodhi Tree, Derrick Everett, in Wagner, 2001,
p.67-92. For all its faults, this is a useful guide to the Buddhist ideas in
Wagner's Parsifal.
Saturday, February 23, 2013
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