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Monday, February 22, 2016

THE REVENANT

Speranza


The Revenant
The Revenant 2015 film poster.jpg
Theatrical release poster
Directed byAlejandro G. Iñárritu
Produced by
Screenplay by
Based onThe Revenant
by Michael Punke
Starring
Music by
CinematographyEmmanuel Lubezki
Edited byStephen Mirrione
Production
companies
Distributed by20th Century Fox
Release dates
Running time
156 minutes[1]
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$135 million[2]
Box office$381.6 million[3]























































The Revenant is a 2015 American historical adventure film directed by Alejandro G. Iñárritu. The screenplay by Mark L. Smith and Iñárritu is based in part on Michael Punke's novel with the same title, which is inspired by the experiences of frontiersman and fur trapper Hugh Glass in 1823 in what is now Montana and South Dakota. It stars Leonardo DiCaprio as Glass, and co-stars Tom Hardy, Domhnall Gleeson, and Will Poulter.[4]
Development began in August 2001, when producer Akiva Goldsman purchased Punke's manuscript. Iñárritu signed on to direct in August 2011, and in April 2014, after several delays due to other projects, Iñárritu confirmed that he was beginning work on The Revenant and that DiCaprio would play the lead role. It is the second collaboration between DiCaprio and Hardy, following Inception. Principal photography began in October 2014; problems with location and crew delayed it from May to August 2015.
The Revenant premiered at the TCL Chinese Theatre in Los Angeles on December 16, 2015, and had a limited release on December 25, 2015, followed by a wide release on January 8, 2016. The film has received positive critical reception, mostly for DiCaprio's and Hardy's performances, Iñárritu's direction, and Lubezki's cinematography. The Revenant won three Golden Globe Awards, five BAFTA Awards, and has been nominated for 12 Academy Awards, the most for the 2016 ceremony, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor (DiCaprio) and Best Supporting Actor(Hardy). For his performance, DiCaprio received the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama, the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role, the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actor and the BAFTA Award for Best Leading Actor.

Plot[edit]

In 1823, a party of trappers under the command of Captain Andrew Henry hunt for pelts in the vast unsettled wilderness of the Northern Plains, in what was considered unorganized U.S. territory (later the Dakotas).

When Ree/Arikara Native Americans launch a surprise attack on the party's camp, many of the trappers are slaughtered and the survivors flee on a boat.

At the recommendation of the party's guide and most experienced hunter Hugh Glass, who has knowledge of the area and natives, they abandon the boat and begin the journey back to their outpost, Fort Kiowa, on foot.

The decision bothers some, particularly John Fitzgerald, who is hostile towards Glass's half-native son Hawk, as he was partially scalped by natives years earlier.
While scouting ahead alone, Glass is ambushed by a grizzly bear after disturbing her cubs.

He manages to kill her, but is badly mauled.

The party discover him close to death and carry him on a makeshift stretcher.

Fitzgerald argues that Glass will not survive his injuries and that they should kill him to speed their journey.

Unwilling to kill Glass, Henry offers payment to those who will stay behind with him instead.

Fitzgerald, Hawk, and Jim Bridger volunteer.

Henry makes Fitzgerald promise to stay with Glass until he dies and give him a proper burial.
Once alone with Glass, Fitzgerald tries to smother him, but Hawk discovers them.

A struggle ensues and Fitzgerald kills Hawk while Glass watches helplessly.

When Bridger returns, Fitzgerald says Hawk is missing, and Glass is too injured to protest.

Fitzgerald lies that the Arikara are nearby and that they must abandon Glass; he drags Glass into a shallow grave.

Bridger hesitates, but flees with Fitzgerald, leaving Glass with his canteen.

Glass crawls from the grave and walks for days, slowly regaining strength and haunted by visions of his deceased Native wife.

He escapes the Arikara, whose chief is searching for his kidnapped daughter Powaqa, by floating down the rapids.

On their way to Fort Kiowa, Bridger realizes that Fitzgerald lied, but Fitzgerald intimidates him into silence. When they arrive at the fort, Fitzgerald tells Henry that Glass succumbed to his wounds and that Hawk was likely attacked by the Arikara. Henry pays Fitzgerald his reward, but Bridger refuses payment.
Glass encounters Hikuc, a friendly Pawnee, who shares bison meat with him. Hikuc has lost his family too, but says that "revenge is in the Creator's hands". The two travel together on horseback and during a blizzard, Hikuc treats Glass's infected skin using maggot therapy and shelters him in makeshift tent made out of tree branches. Glass wakes the next morning to find Hikuc hanged by a group of French pelt hunters. He infiltrates the camp and sees the leader raping Powaqa. He frees her, kills two hunters, and retakes Hikuc's horse, leaving behind Bridger's canteen. He encounters the Arikara again and escapes by galloping off a cliff, killing the horse and injuring himself further. He survives the night by sheltering inside the horse's carcass.
At Fort Kiowa, a lone French hunter arrives carrying Bridger's canteen. Believing it was stolen from Hawk, Henry organizes a search party and leaves to find him. Fitzgerald, realizing that Glass is alive, steals the fort's money and escapes. Henry's search party discovers Glass and brings him to the fort. Furious, Henry charges Bridger with treason, but Glass assures Henry that Fitzgerald lied to him. Glass insists on joining Henry to find Fitzgerald. After they split up while tracking him, Fitzgerald ambushes Henry. Glass finds him dead and scalped.
By pretending to be dead, Glass ambushes Fitzgerald and shoots him in the shoulder. He chases him into the woods and they engage in a bloody fight on a river bank. Glass is about to kill Fitzgerald, but remembers Hikuc's words and pushes him downstream into the hands of the Arikara. The chief, accompanied by Powaqa, scalps and kills Fitzgerald, but spares Glass. Glass walks into the hills and collapses. He has a final vision of his wife, who smiles at him before disappearing into the woods.

Cast[edit]

Production[edit]

Crew[edit]

Development and financing[edit]


Director Alejandro González Iñárritu
Development of The Revenant began in August 2001, with producer Akiva Goldsman acquiring the rights to Michael Punke's then-unpublished manuscript for The Revenant.[12] David Rabe had written the film's script.[13] The production was picked up by Park Chan-wook, with Samuel L. Jackson in mind to star. Park later left the project.[14][15] The development stalled until 2010, when Mark L. Smith wrote a new adaptation of the novel for Steve Golin's Anonymous Content. In May 2010, Smith revealed that John Hillcoat was attached to direct the film and that Christian Bale was in negotiations to star.[16] Hillcoat left the project in October 2010.[15]Jean-François Richet was considered to replace him[15] but Alejandro G. Iñárritu signed on to direct in August 2011.[17] Goldsman was also confirmed to be producing with Weed Road Pictures.[17] In November, New Regency Productions joined to produce with Anonymous Content, and 20th Century Fox was confirmed to be distributing the film.[18][19] Days later, Iñárritu stated that he was seeking Leonardo DiCaprio and Sean Penn for the two lead roles.[20]
Once Iñárritu agreed to direct, he began working with Smith on script rewrites. In an interview with Creative Screenwriting, Smith admitted during this process he was unsure if Iñárritu would even be able to film some of the sequences they wrote. He recalled, "He would have some ideas and I would say, 'Alejandro, we can’t pull this off. It’s not going to work,' and he would say, 'Mark, trust me, we can do this. In the end, he was right.'"[21]
The film was put on hold in March 2012, as New Regency hired Iñárritu to direct an adaptation of Jennifer Vogel's tome Flim-Flam Man, a non-fiction book about her criminal father.[22] Penn was also under consideration for the lead role in that film.[23] In December 2012, Iñárritu announced that his next film would be Birdman or: (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance), a comedy about an actor who once played a famous superhero. For his work, Iñárritu won the Oscar for Best Director and Best Original Screenplay, and the film won Best Picture. Filming took place in March 2013.[24] Iñárritu was scheduled to begin production on The Revenant after Birdman wrapped.[25]
The film was granted a production budget of $60 million, with $30 million funded by New Regency. Brett Ratner's RatPac-Dune Entertainment also funded the film.[18] Worldview Entertainmentwas originally set to fund the film[25] but backed out in July 2014 due to the departure of CEO, Christopher Woodrow.[18][26] New Regency approached 20th Century Fox for additional funding, but the company declined, citing the pay-or-play contracts made for both DiCaprio and Tom Hardy, which would require that the actors be paid regardless of whether the film is completed.[26]Annapurna Pictures' Megan Ellison entered negotiations to finance the film shortly after.[18][26]

Filming[edit]

Principal photography for The Revenant began in October 2014. Iñárritu was insistent that computer-generated imagery not be used to enhance the film, stating: "If we ended up in greenscreenwith coffee and everybody having a good time, everybody will be happy, but most likely the film would be a piece of shit."[27] A planned two-week break from filming in December was extended to six weeks which forced Tom Hardy to drop out of Suicide Squad. In February 2015, Iñárritu, who shot the film using natural lighting,[28] stated that production would last "until the end of April or May", as the crew is "shooting in such remote far-away locations that, by the time we arrive and have to return, we have already spent 40% of the day".[4][29] Brad Weston, president and CEO ofNew Regency Pictures, stated that principal photography had been challenging due to the ambitious nature of the film. Ultimately, principal photography wrapped in August 2015.[30]
The film was shot in twelve locations in three countries: Canada, the United States, and Argentina.[31] In Canada, filming took place in Calgary and Fortress Mountain in Alberta, and at Squamishand Mammoth Studios, Burnaby, in British Columbia.[31] While the initial plan was to film entirely in Canada, the weather was ultimately too warm, leading the filmmakers to locations at the tip of Argentina with snow on the ground, to shoot the film's ending.[27]
Crew members often complained about difficult shoots, with many quitting or being fired. Mary Parent was then brought in as a producer.[27] Iñárritu stated that some of the crew members had left the film, explaining that "as a director, if I identify a violin that is out of tune, I have to take that from the orchestra." On his experience filming, DiCaprio stated: "I can name 30 or 40 sequences that were some of the most difficult things I’ve ever had to do. Whether it’s going in and out of frozen rivers, or sleeping in animal carcasses, or what I ate on set. [I was] enduring freezing cold and possible hypothermia constantly."[32][33]
Iñárritu had stated that he originally wanted to shoot the film chronologically, a process that would have added $7 million to the film's production budget.[34] Iñárritu later confirmed that the film was shot in-sequence,[35] despite Hardy's statement that the film could not be shot chronologically, due to weather conditions.[36]
In July 2015, it was reported that the film's budget had ballooned from the original $60 million to $95 million, and by the time production wrapped it had reached $135 million.[2]

Music[edit]

Main article: The Revenant (soundtrack)
The musical score for The Revenant was composed by Japanese musician Ryuichi Sakamoto with additional music composed by The National's Bryce Dessner and German electronic musician Alva Noto.[37] The main body of the score was recorded at the Seattlemusic Scoring Stage in the Bastyr Chapel in greater Seattle, Washington by musicians of the Northwest Sinfonia. Sakamoto conducted these sessions. Bryce Dessner's portion of the score was performed by the 25-piece Berlin-based orchestra known as "s t a r g a z e" under conductor André de Ridder.[38][39] Additional licensed music includes "Become Ocean", the Pulitzer Prize and Grammy Award winning work of John Luther Adams as recorded by the Seattle Symphony with conductor Ludovic Morlot and an excerpt of "Jetsun Mila" from French musician and composer Eliane Radigue.[40] A soundtrack album was released digitally on December 25, 2015, and on CD on January 8, 2016. Milan Records will release a vinyl pressing of the soundtrack in April 2016.[39]

Release[edit]

The Revenant had a limited release in the United States on December 25, 2015, including Los Angeles -- making it eligible for the 88th Academy Awards -- before being released nationwide on January 8, 2016.[41][42] The film opened in Australia on January 7, 2016[43] and in the UK on January 15, 2016.[44] In the Philippines, the film's release date was originally set for January 27, 2016, but it was eventually pushed back to February 3, 2016.[45][46] Studios chose not to pursue a theatrical release in China.[47]
The film was accompanied by a full length documentary, named "A World Unseen", highlighting the process of making the production was released on January 21, 2016, on YouTube.[48][49]

Reception[edit]

Box office[edit]

As of February 21, 2016, The Revenant has grossed $165.1 million in North America and $216.5 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $381.6 million, against a budget of $135 million.[50]

Leonardo DiCaprio at the film's French premiere in Paris, January 2016
In the United States and Canada, The Revenant opened in limited release on December 25, 2015, and over the weekend grossed $474,560 from four theaters inNew York City and Los Angeles ($118,640 per screen), finishing twenty-third at the box office.[51] It was the second-biggest theater average of 2015 behind the $130,000 four-screen debut of Steve Jobs.[52] The film earned a total of $1.6 million from its two-week limited run[53] before expanding wide on January 8, 2016, across 3,371 theaters.[54]
It made $2.3 million from its early Thursday preview showings from 2,510 theaters.[53] On its opening day, the film earned $14.4 million, ranking first at the box office.[55] The film grossed $39.8 million in its opening weekend from 3,375 theaters, exceeding initial projections by 70%, and finishing second at the box office behind Star Wars: The Force Awakens ($42.4 million), which was on its fourth weekend of play. It was the director’s biggest opening of all-time, and the fourth-biggest for DiCaprio and supporting actor Tom Hardy.[56] Critics noted that The Force Awakens had an advantage, considering that it was playing at 781 more theaters, that Sunday matinees are family-friendly, and since it had the benefit of playing in all North American IMAX theaters.[56] Nevertheless, The Revenant played very balanced across the U.S. and overperformed in all states except the Northeast region.[56] Its wide release weekend is among the top openings in the month of January.[57] It finally topped the box office in its fifth weekend overall and third weekend in wide release after competing with Ride Along 2 in its second weekend. It added a $16 million in its third weekend, which was down 49.7% but topped the box office,[58] despite a blizzard blanketing most of the East Coast which reportedly hurt many films' box office performance.[59][60][61] The following weekend it was overtaken by Fox’s own animated movie Kung Fu Panda 3 thereby topping the box office for just one weekend.[62]
Outside North America, the film secured a release in 78 countries.[63] It made $20.5 million from 2,407 screens in just 18 markets, placing behind The Force Awakens at the international box office chart and first among newly released films.[64] The following weekend, it added $32.3 million from 25 markets on 4,849 screens.[63] The film topped the international box office in its third weekend – the same weekend when it topped the U.S. box office – overtaking The Force Awakens with $33.7 million from 48 markets.[65] In the United Kingdom and Ireland, it took the No. 1 spot with $7.87 million[63] or £5.2 million ($7.4 million) from 589 theaters[66] and remained there for a second weekend declining only by 24% with £3.86 million ($5.5 million),[67] as well as for a third weekend.[68][69] Similarly, in Russia, it passed The Force Awakens to take the top spot with $7.5 million from 1,063 screens.[64] It also opened at No. 1 in Mexico ($5.1 million), Spain ($4 million), Holland ($1.3 million), Belgium ($1.1 million), Argentina ($955,000), Sweden ($914,000), South Korea, Denmark, Norway, Israel, Egypt and Portugal among other markets.[63][65][68][70] In Germany ($4.6 million) and Australia ($2.9 million), it debuted at No. 2 both behind The Force Awakens and in Brazil ($2.17 million) behind The Ten Commandments.[64][70] It had one of the top ten openings of all time for a Fox film, not accounting for inflation in South Korea with $5.7 million and went on to top the box office there for a second weekend with $3.22 million despite cold weather affecting theater attendance resulting in low box office performance.[71][72] In Russia, despite not opening at No. 1, it topped the box office in its second weekend with $4.4 million – more than The Force Awakens[63] – and went on to top for a third weekend with $3.6 million.[73] As of February 21, its largest markets outside of the U.S. and Canada in total earnings are the United Kingdom with $30.9 million and Germany with $24.6 million.[74] France and India will next open on February 24 and 26 respectively.[75]

Critical response[edit]

The Revenant has received positive reviews from critics, with the performances (especially DiCaprio's),[76][77] Iñárritu's directing[78] and cinematography[78] being praised; however the film's runtime has been criticized.[79] On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 83%, based on 286 reviews, with an average rating of 8/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "As starkly beautiful as it is harshly uncompromising, The Revenant uses Leonardo DiCaprio's committed performance as fuel for an absorbing drama that offers punishing challenges – and rich rewards."[80] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 76 out of 100, based on 50 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[81] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.[82]
Reviewers cited in a CBS News survey of critics praised DiCaprio for his performance, referring to it as an "astonishing testament to his commitment to a role" and as an "anchoring performance of ferocious 200 percent commitment."[77] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone called DiCaprio's acting "a virtuoso performance, thrilling in its brute force and silent eloquence."[83] Writing for NY Magazine/Vulture, David Edelstein called the film a "tour de force" and "[b]leak as hell but considerably more beautiful," but noted the film had "traditional masculinity instead of a search for what illuminates man's inhumanity to man."
Justin Chang of Variety wrote Iñárritu "increasingly succumbs to the air of grim overdetermination that has marred much of [his] past work" and it was "an imposing vision... but also an inflated and emotionally stunted one."[77] Stephanie Zacharek, writing for TIME magazine,[76] gave a positive review to the film stating: "Inarritu may have fashioned The Revenant as the ultimate endurance test, but as Glass, DiCaprio simply endures. He gives the movie a beating heart, offering it up, figuratively speaking, alive and bloody on a platter. It—he—is the most visceral effect in the movie: revenge served warm. Bon Appetite." Richard Brody of The New Yorker was critical of the film, and said that Emmanuel Lubezki's images were mere "pictorial ornament[s] to [Alejandro González Iñárritu's] bland theatrical stagings.”[84]
Slant Magazine's writer Ed Gonzalez suggested that the Slant staff in large part disliked the film: "Our contempt for The Revenant knows no limits (...)".[84] Gonzalez unfavorably compared Iñárritu's work to Terrence Malick's 2005 film The New World, of which Emmanuel Lubezki was the DP as well. In the official review, Slant writer Jaime N. Christley wrote: "(...)The Revenant [is] a misery-fest that plants its narrative flags as carelessly as a Roland Emmerich blockbuster, guaranteeing us a viewing experience almost as arduous as the trials depicted on screen, before reaching a conclusion that's sealed the moment audiences first meet the key players. After an obligatory false calm, The Revenant's proper opening scene is a show-stopping massacre at a fur-trapper's campsite. It's the kind of thing Howard Hawks would have handled—and did, in The Big Sky—in under 90 seconds, with mostly off-camera particulars and minimal effects, but González Iñárritu forces it to resemble the Normandy Beach sequence in Saving Private Ryan as much as history or sense will allow, and then some."[85]
Canadian actor Roy Dupuis was strongly critical of the movie for depicting a French-Canadian character committing rape. Dupuis was originally offered the role, but he rejected the role due to perceptions of anti-French bias and historical inaccuracies.[86][87][88][89]
Wai Chee Dimock, in the Los Angeles Review of Books argues that Inarritu remixes James Fenimore Cooper, taking the half-breed and turning this "derogatory term into an existential condition yielding a new visual field," informed by the sounds of remembered voices.[90]
The Revenant was ranked twenty-second on Metacritic's[91] and seventy-ninth on Rotten Tomatoes' list of best films of 2015.[92][93]

Accolades[edit]

Main article: List of accolades received by The Revenant (2015 film)
The Revenant has received numerous award nominations and wins, particularly for Dicaprio's performance, Iñárritu's direction and Lubezki's cinematography. At 73rd Golden Globe Awards it won three awards including Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Director, and Best Actor – Drama, as well as a nomination for Best Original Score.[94] On January 14, 2016, the film received 12Academy Award nominations (more than any other film at the ceremony,) including the Best Picture and Best Director, as well as Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor, for DiCaprio and Hardy, respectively.[95] On February 14, 2016, the film received the most awards at 69th British Academy Film Awards out of eight-nominations, with five, including Best Film, Best Director, Best Cinematography, Best Sound, and Best Leading Actor.[96] It received nine Critic's Choice Awards nominations, winning two – for DiCaprio as Best Actor and Best Cinematography for Lubezki.[97]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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  3. Jump up^ "The Revenant (2015)". Box Office Mojo. RetrievedFebruary 21, 2016.
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  5. ^ Jump up to:a b c Regency Staff (December 27, 2015). "The Revenant". Regency Enterprises. Retrieved December 28,2015.
  6. Jump up^ RTE Staff (July 20, 2015). "Gleeson joins DiCaprio in The Revenant teaser". RTÉ.
  7. Jump up^ Yamato, Jen (October 24, 2014). "Brad Carter Lands ‘The Revenant’". Deadline.com. Retrieved October 25, 2014.
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