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| Lyceum Theatre | |
|---|---|
 Disney's The Lion King has been at the theatre since 1999 | |
| Address | Wellington Street |
| City | Westminster, London |
| Coordinates | 51°30′42″N 0°07′11″W / 51.511556°N 0.11975°WCoordinates: 51°30′42″N 0°07′11″W / 51.511556°N 0.11975°W |
| Designation | Grade II* |
| Architect | Samuel Beazley |
| Owned by | Ambassador Theatre Group |
| Capacity | 2,100[1] |
| Type | West End theatre |
| Opened | 14 July 1834 |
| Rebuilt | 1882–84 C. J. Phipps 1904 Bertie Crewe 1951 Mathew & Sons 1996 Holohan Architects |
| Closed | 1951–1995 Lyceum Ballroom |
| Production | Disney's The Lion King |
| Lyceum Theatre website | |
The building was unique in that it had a balcony overhanging the dress circle. It was built by the partnership of Peto & Grissell.
In 1904 the theatre was almost completely rebuilt and richly ornamented in rococo style by Bertie Crewe, but it retained Beazley's façade and grand portico. The building closed in 1939 and was set to be demolished, but it was saved and converted into a Mecca Ballroom in 1951 and then restored to theatrical use in 1996 by Holohan Architects.[3]
Contents |
[edit] History
[edit] Early years
The Old Lyceum Theatre was first built in 1765 on an adjacent site, and in the late 18th century, musical entertainments were given by Charles Dibdin. Famed actor David Garrick also performed at the Lyceum. Between 1794 and 1809, the building was used as a circus, brought by Philip Astley when his amphitheatre was burned down at Westminster, and then a chapel, a concert room, and for the first London exhibition of waxworks displayed by Madame Tussaud in 1802.[4]The theatre became a "licensed" house in 1809, and until 1812 it was used for dramatic performances by the Drury Lane Company after the burning of their own theatre, until the erection of the new edifice. In 1816, Samuel Arnold rebuilt the house to a design by Beazley and opened it as The English Opera House, but it was destroyed by fire in 1830. The house was famous as the first theatre in London to be lit by gas and for hosting the London première of Mozart's opera Così fan tutte.[5] During this period, the "Sublime Society of Beef Steaks,"[6] which had been founded in 1735 by theatre manager Henry Rich, had its home at the theatre for over 50 years until 1867. The members, who never exceeded twenty-four in number, met every Saturday night to eat beefsteaks and drink port wine.[7]
[edit] Present site
In 1834, the present house opened slightly to the west, with a frontage on Wellington Street,[8] under the name "Theatre Royal Lyceum and English Opera House". The theatre was again designed by Beazley and cost £40,000. The new house championed English opera rather than the Italian operas that had played earlier in the century.[9] Composer John Barnett produced a number of works in the first few years of the theatre, including The Mountain Sylph (1834), credited as the first modern English opera. It was followed by Fair Rosamund in 1837 and Farinelli in 1839 (both at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane),[9] and Blanche of Jersey here in 1840. In 1841–43, composer Michael Balfe managed the theatre and produced National Opera here, but the venture was ultimately unsuccessful. From 1844 to 1847 the theatre was managed by husband and wife team Robert Keeley and Mary Anne Keeley, during which period the house became associated with adaptations of Charles Dickens's novels and Christmas books.[10] For instance, an adaptation of Dickens' Martin Chuzzlewit ran for over 100 performances from 1844–45 here, a long run for the time.The Lyceum was later managed by Madame Lucia Elizabeth Vestris and Charles James Mathews from 1847–55, who produced James Planché's "[fairy] extravaganzas" featuring spectacular stage effects. Their first big success was John Maddison Morton's Box and Cox. Tom Taylor's adaptation of A Tale of Two Cities, with Dickens himself as consultant, played in 1860, shortly after end of its serialisation and volume publication. Charles Fechter, who managed the theatre from 1863–67 also favored spectacular productions. In 1866, Dion Boucicault's The Long Strike (his adaptation of Elizabeth Gaskell's Manchester novels Mary Barton and Lizzie Leigh) was produced here. Ethel Lavenu, the mother and grandmother of actors Tyrone Power, Sr. and Tyrone Power performed in a number pieces at the theatre in the 1860s. W. S. Gilbert produced three plays here. In 1863, his first professional play, Uncle Baby, premièred. In 1867, he presented his Christmas pantomime, called Harlequin Cock Robin and Jenny Wren, and in 1884, he produced the drama Comedy and Tragedy.
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In 1889, the world's finest Italian dramatic tenor, Francesco Tamagno, appeared at the Lyceum, singing the leading role in the first London production of Giuseppe Verdi's opera Otello.
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Irving years
Beginning in 1871, under manager Hezekiah Linthicum Bateman and his wife, Henry Irving appeared at the theatre in, among other things, many Shakespeare works. Irving began with the French melodrama The Bells, an instant hit in which he played the ghost-haunted burgomaster. The piece ran to sell-out crowds for 150 nights, which was an unusually long run at the time. Charles I, in 1872 was another hit, running for 180 nights. In 1874, Irving played Hamlet at the theatre, perhaps his greatest triumph, running for 200 nights. In 1878, after Bateman's death, Irving took over management of the theatre from his widow. The Builder, 28 September 1878 reported that there was a difference between Irving and Mrs. Bateman regarding the personnel of the company at the Lyceum. "Mr. Irving is said to have told Mrs. Bateman that he was resolved to have actors to act with him, and not dolls, otherwise he would no longer play at the Lyceum. The result was that Mrs. Bateman threw up the management of the theatre, and Mr. Irving takes her place." Mrs. Bateman became the manager of Sadler's Wells Theatre.[11]
Irving and Terry began with Hamlet in 1878. Their 1879 production of The Merchant of Venice ran for an unusual 250 nights, and success followed success in the Shakespeare canon as well as in other major plays.[13] Other celebrated productions included Much Ado About Nothing,[14] The Lady of Lyons by Edward George Bulwer-Lytton (1878), Romeo and Juliet, King Lear, The Lyons Mail by Charles Reade (1883), the immensely popular Faust by William Gorman Wills (1885, which even drew applications for reserved seats from foreigners), Macbeth (1888, with incidental music by Sir Arthur Sullivan), Henry VII (1892),[15] Becket by Alfred Tennyson (1893), King Arthur by J. Comyns Carr, with incidental music by Sir Arthur Sullivan (1895),[16] Cymbeline (1896) and Victorien Sardou and Émile Moreau's play Madame Sans-Gêne (1897).
[edit] Later years
After being bought by Thomas Barrasford, in 1904 the theatre was rebuilt and richly ornamented in rococo style by Bertie Crewe, retaining only the façade and portico of the original building. The theatre presented music hall and variety, in an attempt to compete with the Palace Theatre and the new Stoll built London Coliseum, but this was not a success, and the theatre soon returned to presenting drama. From 1909–38 the Melville Brothers ran a successful series of spectacular melodramas.[17] In 1919, additional minor alterations to the theatre were made by Edward Jones. Between the wars, dramas played at the theatre for ten months each year, followed by Christmas pantomimes, including Queen of Hearts in 1938. The Lyceum was the last London theatre to continue the early practise of concluding pantomimes with a harlequinade, a free standing entertainment of slapstick clowning, juggling and tumbling. The tradition ended with the closure of the theatre in 1939.[18]
A proposed redevelopment of Covent Garden by the GLC in 1968 saw the theatre under threat, together with the nearby Vaudeville, Garrick, Adelphi and Duchess theatres. An active campaign by Equity, the Musicians' Union, and theatre owners under the auspices of the Save London Theatres Campaign led to the abandonment of the scheme.[20] In 1973, the theatre gained protection and was Grade II* listed as Interior despite adaptation and alteration for present ballroom use retains [a] substantial part of Crewe's work.[21]
The theatre went dark in 1986, after the National Theatre's promenade performances (in 1985) of Bill Bryden's adaptation of the Mysteries trilogy. Brent Walker leased the theatre during this time but later gave up his lease, and in 1996 it was restored and reconverted into a theatre for large-scale musicals or opera (with a suitably large orchestra pit) by Holohan Architects.
[edit] Recent and present productions
- Jesus Christ Superstar (19 November 1996 – 28 March 1998)
- Oklahoma! (February 1999 – June 1999)
- The Lion King (24 September 1999 – )
[edit] References
- Notes
- ^ "West End Theatre Hire | Lyceum Theatre spaces", Ambassador Theatre Group. Retrieved 2012-11-22.
- ^ The Victorian Web
- ^ Earl and Sells (2000), pp. 123–24.
- ^ Summary of the theatre's history
- ^ a b Londontown profile of the theatre
- ^ * History of the Sublime Society of Beef Steaks
- ^ Information about the Sublime Society of Beefsteaks
- ^ Wellington Street was a new thoroughfare constructed between Waterloo Bridge and Bow Street. The former site became an unsuccessful arcade, which was demolished to build the Strand Musick Hall (sic), another unsuccessful venture. In 1868, the auditorium was rebuilt and it reopened as the Gaiety Theatre.
- ^ a b Gordon-Powell, Robin. Ivanhoe, full score, Introduction, vol. I, p. VII, 2008, The Amber Ring
- ^ Summary of the theatre's history
- ^ Description of ownership of the Lyceum
- ^ Description of the Terry and Irving partnership and link to further information about Terry
- ^ Information from Schoolnet.com
- ^ Information from Findagrave.com
- ^ Review and drawings of Henry VIII
- ^ Information about King Arthur including an image of the program
- ^ Profile of the theatre
- ^ The Development of Pantomime (It's Behind You!) accessed 17 Oct 2007
- ^ "Lyceum Theatre - 'Hamlet' by William Shakespeare". The Times. 1939-06-29. p. 12.
- ^ Vaudeville Theatre accessed 28 Mar 2007
- ^ English Heritage listing details accessed 27 Mar 2007
- ^ Cavendish, Dominic. "The Lion King at the Lyceum Theatre". The Telegraph, 19 October 2009, accessed 11 August 2010
- Sources consulted
- Dickens, Charles, Jr (2001) [1888, 1879]. "Lyceum Theatre entry". Dickens's Dictionary of London, 1888 (facsimile ed.). Devon: Old House Books. ISBN 1-873590-04-0. http://www.victorianlondon.org/dickens/dickens-lyc.htm. – A guide to London written by the novelist's son.
- Earl, John & Michael Sell, The Theatres Trust Guide to British Theatres 1750–1950 pp. 123–4 (Theatres Trust, 2000) ISBN 0-7136-5688-3
- History of the Lyceum
- Profile of the theatre
- Another profile of the theatre with images
- Article on the theatre
[edit] External links
- The Bram Stoker Collection (on his collaboration with Henry Irving at the Lyceum)
- Statistical information about the theatre
- Information about productions at the theatre at the Victorian Web
- Research article about the ownership (lessor) of the theatre, with information about the Irving era
- History of the Sublime Society of Beef Steaks
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